I-Handicraft: inkcazelo, iintlobo. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngezandla

Ishicilelo sezandla ngumsebenzi wokuveliswa kwemveliso ekhethekileyo kunye nembono yangaphambili esetyenziswa kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla kwaye yenziwe ngezandla zenkosi.

Yintoni eyenziwa ngumqondiso kumntu?

Kuba inkosi inethuba lokuqonda indalo ekhethekileyo ayibonile kumaphupha akhe. Oku kuyigqabileyo kunye nokugqiba ngokucophelela zonke iinkcukacha, ngenxa yoko, ukufezekiswa kufezekiswe.

Kuba umthengi uyithuba lokuthenga umveliso ngamnye ozaliswe ngothando kwaye uya kwenza ubomi bubonakale, ubonise ubunikazi bomntu othenge into eyenziwe ngesandla.

Imbali yemvelaphi yezandla

Umsebenzi wesandla wenziwe ngesandla kunye nokuvela komntu emhlabeni. Izinto eziveliswayo zazihlala zifunwa, kodwa indoda, ngokusemandleni akhe, ukusebenza kwayo yayifuna ukufaka isicatshulwa se-esthétique. Ngokwe siseko salo, imigaqo yokuqala engayibhalwanga eyadluliselwa esuka kumphathi ukuya kumfundi. Eyona nto ibhetele yenziwe. Ngoko i-canon yakhiwa kwenye indawo. Amasiko adluliselwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, iimfihlelo kunye neendlela zokupheka zigcinwe. Umkhwa wobugcisa wawukho kokubili kwidolophana kunye nedolophu, xa zonke iintsapho zenza izinto ezifanayo, zisebenzisa ngexesha elifanayo malunga neendlela ezifanayo, kodwa ukuzisa iingcamango zabo, ngokufanelekileyo, kwisithethe ukuhlobisa okanye ukutshintsha ifom. Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo mveliso yayinemisebenzi yamathambo, kuba okhokho bethu babekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwimimandla engaphezulu. Baye baxela izinto ngamandla abo, bebeka imiphefumlo yabo ekudalweni kwabo. Kwimveliso emininzi, oku akunako ukutshintshwa.

YaseRashiya yasendulo

Kwiindawo ezisemadolophini phambi kokuba i-Mongol-Tatar ihlaseli izakhi zivelise izixhobo zensimbi kunye neyinyithi, izikhwama, iiselisi, izigulane, ukukhiya, izitshixo. Iigugu zenziwe izitrafti ezingenabumba, zenziwe ngegolide, zesilivere, zethusi kunye neendwangu zethusi. Abacebisi, abakhombi, ama-stonemasons basebenze kwiindibano zabo zokusebenzela. Abenzi bezandla babesebenza ngesikhumba kunye noboya, imithi. Oku kwakukuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi yezandla kwixesha langaphambi kweMongol. Kodwa emva kokuhlasela kweBatu konke kwachithwa, kwaye abaninzi abenzi bezandla babanjwe entolongweni, kwaye ikhulu leminyaka ukuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi kwakhiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokulahleka kwezakhono kunye neemfihlelo, ezo zorhwebo zaqala ukubuyiswa, njengoko kufuneke ubomi.

Uhlobo lwemisebenzi yezandla

Ezi ziintlobo zobugcisa boluntu, apho isiko lesizwe sibonakala ngokucacileyo. Ziyakwazi ukwahlula zibe:

• Imizobo kwiikheram, isinyithi, iphepha-mâché, ukhuni;
• Amanqaku ayenziwe ngengubo, oko kukuthi, iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zentambo kuma-bobbins, phantsi kunye nepeyinti;
• Amathoyizi ezenziwe ngodongwe kunye nemithi;
• Iimveliso zetsimbi - ukukhangela kunye ne-filigree.

Kwiindawo ezinjalo izandla zaseRussia ziphuhlisiwe. Ngoku ezi ntlobo zengqiqo zinokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi.

Gzhel

Iingingqi ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe eziseduze neMoscow babenempahla yendalo - ubumba bombumbi. Kwaye kwaqala ukuveliswa kweekeramics, njengoko abavubukuli bethetha, malunga neenkulungwane ezisixhenxe ezedlulileyo. Kwaba nzima kakhulu kwaye, kwizinto ezilula ezingenakunyulwa, zaza zaza zambathisa nge-white glaze, kwaye emva koko zisebenzisa umfanekiso we-blue cobalt oxide. Ukwenza oku, ama-crystal eyenziwe ngoboya be-squirrel yamadamitha ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa. Iintlobo ezininzi zepeyinti zisetyenziselwa kwicala elinye lebhayisiki. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze indawo emnyama, indawo egcweleyo kunye nezithunzi ezikhanyayo. Olu buchule, olufundiswa apho, eGzhel. Umculi we-ceramics akakwazi ukuphinda uphinde umzekelo, kwaye sifumana umzobo oyingqayizivele, apho iingqungquthela kunye nezihlobiso zifana ngokufanayo.

Zhostovo

Yilali dolophu kufuphi neMoscow, apho phantse iminyaka engamakhulu amabini aneminyaka engama-trays aneentsimbi kunye neentyantyambo zentsimi kwindawo emnyama okanye embala. Umculi ufumana umzobo, owenzelwe ngumyili, kwaye uqala umsebenzi ukusuka kwiziko, ukuwuzalisa ngeeresi ezinkulu ezikhanyayo ngokumangalisayo. Kukho iimfihlelo ezivela kubaphathi.

Fedoskino

Leli dolophu alikude neMoscow, apho zihobisa khona iikhenkethi kunye neebhokisi ezenziwe nge-papier-mache. Imidwebo emfutshane kunye nepeyinti yeoli iyakhanya ngokumangalisayo. Esi siphumo sitholakala kuba ngaphambi kokuba udwebe phezulu, iqabunga legolide kunye nonina we-pearl lisetyenziswe.

IKhokhloma

Imbali ithi izakhono ezimbini ziye zahlanganiswa apha: ukuguqula izitya, ibhokisi, iipuni, i-broatin kunye nezakhono zokudweba zezithonjana zokudala. Indwangu yelineni igubungele amaxesha amaninzi, uhlambe i-aluminium powder, uze usebenzise ngesandla, ungaphindi nento, upende ngepeyinti yeoli, uze udibanise kunye neendwangu eziliqela ze-varnish uze uyomise ehovini. Njalo iKhokhloma yegolide.

IiCeramics

Imisebenzi yobugcisa bombumbi yamanzi iyamelwa ngokubanzi ngamathoyi ezenziwe ngodongwe. Zenziwe kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe lethu. Eyona idumileyo ngokuloba kulolu dolophu yaseDymkovo kwingingqi yaseKrov. Kwindawo yaseArkhangelsk, ukuveliswa kweevenki eKargopol bekuhlala yintlungu yentsapho. Isithunzi esithandwa kakhulu yiPolkan - isidalwa sefestile, esifana nenja kunye nendoda eneepaulettes. Kwidolophana yaseFilimonovo, intombazana yaseTula yayifaka ikhwelo ngodongwe, iqokelela imali yokudada, kwaye amadoda ayenza izitya. Amathoyizi ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela (i-terracotta kwimo yayo ecocekileyo) ukususela kwimihla yamandulo kwenzelwe kwisithili saseStarooskolsky seBelgorod. Zonke iifayili zizinto ezenziwe ngezandla. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhankanyi izibane, iigu, i-kvassniki, iifowuni zexesha le-clock, edala uzuko lukaMnu Skopin kwingingqi yaseRyazan.

Lace

I-Vologda, i-Yelets kunye ne-Mtsensk ilayiti ixabiswa eRashiya, ehlala iboshwe kwi-bobbins. Zizo zonke iimveliso ezenziwe ngezandla.

Ukukhipha uKasli

Kwii-Urals eKasli zenza imifanekiso emangalisayo yentsimbi. Emva kokuba babezithengwa kwiivenkile. Ngoku ke le mveliso eyingqayizivele, eyokuma ngonaphakade, ngokucaciswa kweenkcukacha kwanyamalala kwiishefu, kwaye mhlawumbi inokufumaneka kuphela kwiivenkile ze-intanethi.

Ukuveliswa kweemveliso kwiibhetshana ezincinci

Okanye kunokuthiwa igama elithi "i-cottage industry". Ngamhla, ngale ndlela benza iimpahla zokugqoka, umzekelo. Umsebenzi wezobugcisa uphinde ube ngumsebenzi weebhanki, abenzi befenitshala. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi luquka ukuhlukana kwemisebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukhiqiza iitroyi ze-Zhostovo, umntu wenza iitreyiti zeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umntu uwagubungela ngevarnish, umntu uyabatshintshela . Into efanayo eyenzekayo eGzhel, Khokhloma, eSkopin, ikhankanywe ngasentla.

IRashiya isisityebi kakhulu kwiitalente, indlela yokuqala kunye neemveliso eziphezulu ezenziwe ngezandla.