Eyona eziphambili iimpawu umqhubekekisi computer

Igama elithi "isixhobo computing" ngoku kumntu wonke umfundi. Oku akumangalisi, kuba iiyure zingafunyanwa imiba yeenkqubo zekhompyutha. Ukukwazi ukwenza izibalo ezinikezelwa chips ezizodwa ngezinga eliphezulu yokuxubana transistors - esixhasiweyo. Iimpawu eziphambili zale isilawuli (CPU), ngokukodwa, ukumisela isantya imisebenzi yayo. Yiloo nto abanini iikhompyutha zobuqu kubalulekile ukuqonda lo mba.

Namhlanje sijonga ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili kumqhubekekisi ze anike iingcebiso ukuba ukhethe umzekelo ngokupheleleyo zabo. Igama elithi "data" ubandakanya zombini iimpawu zangaphakathi kunye nokuphunyezwa lwangaphandle eyakhayo. Ezona mpawu ziphambili kumqhubekekisi - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umthamo wakhe; linani lweziqalelo abasemthethweni; isantya ukusebenza njalo njalo.

Igama elithi "bit" libhekisela isixa iinkcukacha ezinokuthi zingenziwa kumjikelo (umsebenzi omnye) nganye. digit Binary kuthiwa kancinane. 8 amasuntswana ezibumba byte enye. Modern CPUs zinyamekela ukusuka amasuntswana 32 ukuya 64. iintlobo ezikhethekileyo iziqhubekisi nabo kubalulwa naliphi na digit (4, 128 et al.). Ngoku ubuchwepheshe bee-computer liya kusetyenziswa bit-64 ikhompyutha.

Ukukhetha i CPU, kufuneka usoloko uthathe ingqalelo eziphambili iimpawu kumqhubekekisi. Nawuphi na umnini computer uyazi ukuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo yonke luqinisekiswa kakhulu isantya iwashi yavulel. Emarikeni uyakwazi ukufumana imifuziselo ezifanayo nezahlukileyo omnye komnye kuphela nezihlandlo ukusebenza. Amaza clock ngqo ibonisa inani imisebenzi nezakhiwo ezenziwa ngexesha IC ngeyunithi nganye (njenge imizuzwana). Khetha clock siko elo, ngoko kusingathwa ngu iziphaluka ngekhompyutha (banda). Ekubeni sithetha malunga nezihlandlo, kuyabonakala ukuba lo parameter ulinganiswa megahertz (MHz) kunye gigahertz (GHz). Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iimeko ilingana, umfuziselo kunye rhoqo GHz-3 ngokukhawuleza 2.5 GHz.

iimpawu eziphambili iprosesa ukuba akakhange azisebenzise ubunzulu besuntswana kunye rhoqo. Xa ukhetha i CPU kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo inani umphakathi. esanda kutshanje Le mbono "multi-core", kanye phambi kwenye isizukulwana abasebenzisi. Ekubeni akunakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni ngokungenammiselo ukunyusa isantya iwotshi womzekelo nganye entsha, abavelisi baye bagqiba kwelokuba badibane zibe package single a iziqhubekisi ezininzi twatse. Kwaye kwakukho multi-core CPU. Kulandela oku, indlela ekhethekileyo ukwandisa le nkqubo yaqala, ngoko ke loo nto yenza ingqiqo ukuthenga imodeli multi-core kuphela. Enyanisweni, phones nokuba abaninzi mobile sele usebenzise ezimbini-core esixhasiweyo.

Kwinkqubo sokugqibela ngezinga elikhulu ifuthe ubungakanani cache. Ngokungafaniyo Iimodyuli memory eqhelekileyo, cache transistors ibekwe ngqo kwi izindlu enye njengabona bantu. Oku kwenza exchange data ngesantya esiphezulu. Kukho imiphakamo emithathu cache: L1, L2 kunye L3 (ezidweliswe ukuze nobukhulu okwandayo). Kukholelwa ukuba ukwanda nganye kuzo nge-20% kukhokelela ekwandeni isantya ngo-50% .Naprimer, ukuba ngaphambili kwi-L2 256KB ingqalelo yayintle, ngoku akukho mntu uya kumangaliswa multi-imegabhayithi-kwinqanaba lesibini cache. Ukukhetha i CPU, kufuneka bakhetha ukuya kwi-subsidised kunye isixa esikhulu efihlakeleyo memory. Qaphela ukuba L3 alisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimodeli (ngexesha ilondoloza ngesantya esiphezulu of calculations).

Lo msebenzi osemqoka elandelayo - inkalo izakhiwo. Ikhethwa yi umphuhlisi, kwi kwimigaqo kuthiwa igama ikhowudi umgca - Liano, Jabu Bridge, njl Umzekelo, isizukulwana esitsha ngasinye iziqhubekisi yomvelisi efanayo kwisantya ephakamileyo (ceteris paribus) ..