"Emanzi" ingqesho kushishino mboni i

Yintoni i "ezimanzi" ingqesho kushishino mboni na? Yintoni na ukuba? Ngale mibuzo neminye siza kuphendula kweli nqaku. Aircraft ezazakhiwe umhlali ekuthiwa version, isetyenziselwa ukuthenga kunye nokusebenza iintaka yentsimbi, kunye nezixhobo ehamba kunye nezibonelelo. Le ngqeqesho idibanisa ukuyilwa kwenkqubo utsalo kunye irente ulwandle.

BEE operating

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kokuqeshisa "ezimanzi" yinxalenye ebalulekileyo egumbini zokusebenza. Tar iinkampani, moya kunye abavelisi basebenzisa iinkqubo eziliqela iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo rent moya. Abo esisiseko ezibini: kokuqeshisa zemali kunye nokuqhuba.

moya Commercial badla ezirentwa kwishishini intengiso moya yorhwebo ezazakhiwe (CASL), ezi zimbini ezinamandla yabo - Capital Iinkonzo kaWonke Aviation (GECAS) kunye International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC).

Uqeshiso zokusebenza ngokubanzi elifutshane. Kuthatha iminyaka ngaphantsi kweshumi, nto leyo eyenza kube enomtsalane xa nqanawa kuyafuneka ukuba ukuqalisa le projekthi (inkampani) okanye ulwandiso ukuqotywa umthuthi esemthethweni.

Ngenxa zazi- yokusebenza zexesha elifutshane moya akhuselwe ukusuka kukuwohloka iinyembezi. Lo mzuzu kumazwe amaninzi yeyona ibalulekileyo ngenxa ulungiso rhoqo imithetho ngokuphathelele kokusingqongileyo ingxolo. Kuthekani ithi apho moya ngaphantsi amatyala (umzekelo, ukuba amazwe eSoviet Union)? Apha, ukuqeshiswa yokusebenza yeyona ndlela kuphela ukuthenga moya kule nkampani.

Ukongeza, inkampani usebenzisa kuba bhetyebhetye, kuba ikwazi ekhokela abasebenzi kunye fleet ubungakanani, isivumelwano nokwandisa ibe umgca kweemfuno.

ukwehliswa

Xa ukuqeshiswa zokusebenza izixhobo ngethuba umqeshi na ixabiso ngokupheleleyo. Ekupheleni yobomi yayo kokuba ukuphinda kwindawo okanye abuyele kumnini. Kwelinye icala, ixabiso lentsalela ekupheleni-moya sengqesho kubalulekile ukuba umnini. Umnini angacela ukuba izixhobo wabuyela yabamba ukulungiswa (umzekelo, C-ngetshekhi), ukungxama ukutshintshwa umsebenzi olandelayo. Kanye njengokuba kwezinye iindawo weSauwu, xa Escrow afuneka (isiqinisekiso) idiphozithi aviaarende.

njani i "ezimanzi" ingqesho eRashiya? I lease yokusebenza Ixesha lonikezelo moya ayikho ngaphezu ezisixhenxe, maxa wambi iminyaka elishumi. Ukuqasha iintlawulo umthengi kufuneka ahlawule qho ngenyanga, ubungakanani yabo ixhomekeke ithuba lemvumelwano.

ifomu eyodwa

Ngoko ke, yintoni sokuqeshisa "ezimanzi"? Olu uhlobo oluthile yokusebenza xa moya wazikrazula ukuba uqeshiselwe kunye aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Oko kukuthi, xa lo moya, iqela lakhe, inshorensi (i ACMI) kunye nokugcinwa omnye moya (umqeshi) linike ukuya kwenye, okanye olunye uhlobo lweshishini, njengesikhali umlamleli eehambo ngomoya (umqeshiswa) zihlawulwa yolawulo lixa.

izinto yomqashi amafutha ngeentlawulo zikwaquka iirhafu, imirhumo moya, zonke ezinye iimali, njalo-njalo. Isicelo inombolo yakhe moya. Kokuqeshisa "ezimanzi", njengoko kulisiko, ithatha iinyanga-1 ukuya kuma-24. uqeshiso elifutshane sithathwa njenge lamalungelo moya-obufutshane egameni client.

umkhuba

Kokuqeshisa "ezimanzi" (kokuqeshisa emanzi) iqhele ukusebenziswa ngamaxesha kwezithuthi Incopho okanye ngethuba kuvulwa kweendlela ezintsha okanye nokuhlolwa ubunzima zobugcisa yonyaka meko. Airliner efunyenwe olu hlobo yengqeshiso, ungenza zeehambo ngomoya kuloo mazwe apho baqeshe ezithintelwe ukusebenza.

Le uqeqesho nako ibe luhlobo charter, njengako kwiinkonzo apho umqeshisi isebenza nje, kuquka ACMI, kwaye iibhalansi umqeshiswa leyo uncedo ababalwayo moya. Kuzo zonke ezinye iintlobo lamalungelo unika ngumnini kunye neenombolo moya. iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo yengqeshiso "ezimanzi" inokuba isivumelwano ikhowudi sokwabelana kunye ugcino lezihlalo.

yezizathu zezopolitiko

Zokuqasha "manzi" - oku sisixhobo enkulu. Ingasetyenziswa ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko. Umzekelo, EgyptAir lweshishini - inkampani breech Egyptian - ayikwazi ukuthwala abakhweli kwaSirayeli phantsi kwegama layo ngenxa umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, eli lizwe moya ezisuka Cairo ukuya Tel Aviv, inkampani inoxanduva Air yeSinayi. Kuba ukuphepha le elithile lezopolitiko le inika "inkampani kokuqeshisa» EgyptAir manzi.

Kwi-UK, olu qeqesho kuthiwa ukusebenza lo moya isicelo sesiqinisekiso umsebenzisi emoyeni (AOC) of the umqeshisi.

mfanelo

Yiyiphi enye into elungileyo "ezimanzi" ukuqeshiswa-moya? Le ibandakanya ulondolozo lwemisebenzi izixhobo, ukulungiswa, inshorensi kunye neminye imisebenzi apho umqeshi unoxanduva. Ngokutsho isicelo umqashi ukuba, ukongeza kwezi nkonzo, umnini ukulungiselela abasebenzi abaneziqinisekiso ukwenza ukuthengisa, ubonelelo zempahla ekrwada e-njalo.

Le ndaba olu hlobo yengqeshiso, ngokufuthi ngakumbi kunzima izixhobo ezithile. ezazakhiwe emanzi kwiimeko ezininzi, isetyenziswe okanye abavelisi zabo okanye amashishini lehoseyile. Iibhanki kunye namaziko ezemali kunqabile isebenzisa le hlobo zentengiselwano, ekubeni ukulahlwa kwabo ingafuneki isiseko zobugcisa.

Ukuziqhelisa, zininzi iindlela izivumelwano weSauwu, kodwa kufuneka zijongwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi yokuqesha.

ifomu yoqeshiso

Kokuqeshisa "ezimanzi" ibandakanya bokuqonda ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Xa kusenziwa ngamazwe, aziwayo kakhulu iindlela ezinjalo izivumelwano zokuqeshisa:

• Ngokutsho ukuqeshiswa "umboneleli" izixhobo umthengisi kwakhona zaguqulelwa umqeshi, njengoko kwi intengiselwano ukubuya. Kodwa ke impahla eziqeshiweyo awusebenzisi, kunye nezinye umqashi, kufuneka ukulandelela phantsi bamnikele phezu kuye into kwekhontrakthi. Sublease - kuyimfuneko kwezivumelwano ezinjalo.
• Yokuqasha "Standard" unika intengiso yenjongosenzi intengiselwano lombutho nasekukhuthazeni, leyo, ngenxa inkampani yayo ingqesho nakwimizi nabathengi bayo.
• Xa olujikelezayo ngokohlobo isivumelwano replacement ngamaxesha inikezelwa izixhobo umqeshi lokucela isampuli entsha.
• ezazakhiwe jikelele wabhekisela lasekunene umqeshi ukwandisa uluhlu lwe zixhobo efunyenweyo ngaphandle ngokusayina izivumelwano ezintsha.
• KwezeNgqesho (Group) ukuqeshiswa - ukuqeshiswa izinto ezinkulu (ezinde, iinqanawa, rigs ioli, moya). Kweentengiselwano ezinjalo, umnini kwiinkampani ezininzi kubuchwepheshe ubabalo.
• Ikhontrakthi nokuboleka kuthiwa uhlobo okhethekileyo weSauwu apho umqeshiswa unalo fleet epheleleyo koomatshini, iitrektara, indlela-isakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zezolimo.
• Xa umqeshisi ukusuka nababolekisi enye okanye ngaphezulu ufumana imali ixesha elide ukuya kwi 80% ye-asethi eziqeshiweyo, kukho kokuqeshiselwa kunye nokubandakanyeka kwemali. Apha nababolekisi ke utyalo-mali kunye nezorhwebo kwiibhanki ezinkulu zokuphucula izixhobo yayintle ezitsalwa ixesha elide. iintengiselwano yokuqasha zisekelwa ziibhanki ngoncedo lwe-mboleko okanye uthenga nezibophelelo.

Ezi ifomu nje uthandwayo ngezivumelwano zengqesho. Nto ithetha ukuba, ukuba kungenzeka zeemo ezahlukeneyo izivumelwano, nto leyo eyandisa inani labo.

inqwelo-moya

Kodwa yintoni efunekayo Avialeasing? Oku kusetyenziswa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu-moya. Umzekelo, iBoeing 737 Okulandelayo Generation zibiza malunga 58,5-69,5 yezigidi zeerandi ngo-2008. Oku kusetyenziswa Ryanair kunye yaseMzantsi Airlines Company. Ngokubanzi, ndinayo embalwa moya ukuhlawula ngemali yabo park emoyeni, njengoko abanengeniso ephantsi.

iintaka steel zorhwebo yathengwa kwi-moya kusetyenziswa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu ngezimali kwaye yokuqesha (ngokuthi umtsalane Ukuhlawulwa kwetyala kunye nendlela urhulumente azakuboleka). Iskim ethandwa kakhulu eyenziwe moya ashishinayo zemali kunye nokusebenza ingqesho, mboleko collateral. Umzekelo ikhontrakthi weSauwu "ezimanzi" zingafunyanwa kulo naliphi na inkampani echaphazelekayo. Kukho nezinye iindlela sokuhlawula-moya:

• iibhanki okanye imali ngqesho acquire;
• Bonisa indlela;
• ezazakhiwe umqhubi nokuthengisa okanye imali ngqesho acquire;
• inkxaso umenzi;
• ezazakhiwe irhafu;
• EETCs (isiqinisekiso ukholose izixhobo).

Ezi namaqhinga wayeyixhalabele kunye irhafu kunye accounting. Ziquka inzala, lokuyimfihlo of kokuba kutsalwe irhafu kunye neendleko nokugcinwa, nto leyo ukunciphisa imfanelo irhafu ngenxa yemali, umqhubi kunye umqeshi.

iinqwelo-moya zabucala

Uqashile ukuba kuthengwe jet labucala mboleko imoto efana indlu. deal Basic-moya yequmrhu okanye ezincinane zobuqu enokwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• umboleki inika ulwazi olusisiseko malunga moya ezilindelekileyo, kwaye kungoku nje umbolekisi;
• umbolekisi athole ixabiso-moya;
• umbolekisi ufuna kwibhodi inombolo yobhaliso ipropati ukufumana iingxaki ngumnini;
• umbolekisi ulungisa izinto intengiselwano: isibonelelo contract, iBhili le, siqinisekiso evela wesithathu (ukuba mboleki ngaphantsi amatyala).

Ekupheleni kwale ntengiselwano wenza amaxwebhu mboleko, ubunini kunye nemali.