6 kakhulu ityala ixesha elide embalini, ngubani sabazisa?

Ngenxa yetyala imfazwe endala, ukuthengwa ukuzimela, ityala zembali kunye neemali zomhlala-phantsi karhulumente ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlawula amatyala abo kurhulumente ekhohlo kaninzi okanye amakhulu eminyaka. Funda malunga elidala kunawo engaqhelekanga kwamatyala ixesha elide embalini, inxenye yabo ihlawulwe unanamhla.

British umyinge okwisine ekhulwini Console

Ngo-2014, urhulumente UK isaziso izicwangciso ukuhlawula inxalenye yetyala omdala zoluntu, nto leyo uManeki emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Ezi izibambiso baye bahlala ukusuka ukumanywa yokugqibela impahla karhulumente ngexesha Winston Churchill. INkulumbuso ekhuphe console phantsi-4% ngowama-1927 ukuya refinance imixokelelwane amatyala eseleyo emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Amatyala umbuso Historical

amatyala Nangona kunjalo, ezi consoles zilandelelwe nje kuphela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kodwa ityala, leyo eNgilane wathabatha phezu ngexesha le iCrimea War, i Napoleonic Iimfazwe, ukuququzelela indlala enkulu e-Ireland ngowe-1848 kunye nembuyekezo ukuba ngamakhoboka abanini emva kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka. Ityala indala kwezi consoles - isikim iphiramidi ngexesha lephulo le-South Seas. Emva koko, ngenxa ukwesaba zemali kunye intelekelelo phezu imali stock exchange siye salahlekelwa amakhulu amawaka abantu. Amaxhoba ale intelekelelo baba Isaak Nyuton kunye Dzhonatan Svift.

Ngo-2014, i-Royal Chancellor ye-Exchequer wabhengeza ukuba malunga 11,000 abanini of consoles kunye imixokelelwane kuqhubeka zifumana iintlawulo inzala yetyala, kwaye urhulumente khange bazame ukuthenga emva izibambiso iminyaka 67.

nxaxheba Pension ye-Civil War, nto leyo eye iminyaka 151

Ngokusesikweni, i US Civil iMfazwe yafikelela esiphelweni ngo-1865, kodwa isiqingatha senkulungwane kamva, ngummi lizwe ufumana umhlala ekubhekiselelwe amagqala emfazweni kunye neentsapho zabo. Ayrin Triplett - intombi Private UMotsa Triplett, umlimi North Carolina, eyaqala inkonzo kwicala le babenqophisene, kodwa emva koko wangena ezintlwini abafakwe. Waba a ngokunomkhethe ebizwa ngokuba 'sabaphangi of Kirk. " Triplett Isosha emfazweni, wabuyela ekhaya ngo-1920 watshata ntombazane ongaphantsi kweminyaka bakhe abangama-50. Xa wazalwa Irene, uyise wayeneminyaka 83. Wafa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva. Ngubani na inzalelwane North Carolina, ohlala kwikhaya lokonga, sele iminyaka 86 ubudala, yaye ifumana imbuyekezo ngenyanga mali $ 73 ngenxa inkonzo kayise. She - yokugqibela lijoni umntwana kweMfazwe Civil, na uludwe lweenkonzo zoluntu. Kodwa Irene wayengekho umntu kuphela abafumana ixesha elide yomhlalaphantsi evela kurhulumente, enemvelaphi yayo kwinkulungwane XIX. A abantu abambalwa kakhulu bezifumana iintlawulo usapho inkonzo ngexesha Spanish-American War ngo-1898.

izibonelelo German emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi

Ngowe-1919 iMfazwe Yehlabathi I yaphela ngokutyikitya iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, Germany akuyi kuphela akanyanzelekanga ukuba bayeke zonke iinkqubo zomkhosi kunye nemveliso iingalo, kodwa kwakhona ukuba ahlawule isixa semali ngeenkwenkwezi, ilingana $ 400 yezigidi zezigidi.

Njengenxalenye yesivumelwano uxolo iJamani wavuma ukoyiswa ityala kukhululwa yongquzulwano ivumile ukuhlawula 132 ezigidi amanqaku German kwabachasi zabo. Ukuze kujongwane nalo iintlawulo eqolo, urhulumente waseJamani kwanyanzeleka ukuba imali "engenanto", nto leyo kamva kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani iimposiso kuqoqosho waseJamani. bhanki american weza kunye inkqubo yokuqokelela imali ukuhlawula ityala nokugcina uqoqosho waseJamani lezimali, kodwa ityala sisasetyenziswayo kwakhokelela ubuhlwempu kunye nokungazinzi.

I-Second World War kunye nentlawulo

Le meko iye yakhokelela ukunganeliseki othandwayo nto yabangela Adolf Hitler weza amandla kunye Party lwamaNazi. Hitler wala ukuhlawula izibonelelo, yaye ekugqibeleni ukuqhuba ushishino zomkhosi kweli lizwe. Nokulungiswa yeHlabathi yokuQala waseJamani ihleli esithubeni de-1950, xa i-Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) kwavunyelwana ukuqhubeka ukuhlawulwa amatyala.

I ambalwa eminyaka ezayo, ilizwe uhlawula ityala ngamazwe, kodwa inxalenye amazinga enzala kuhlala engahlawulwanga ngexesha ityala kwenzeke eJamani ngo-1990. Intlawulo yokugqibela $ 94 ezigidi zeerandi ngo-2010 - phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu emva kokusayina i-Versailles iSivumelwano.

iibhondi zasephakadeni Council Water Dutch

Amanye amatyala amadala nangoku run yibhodi Dutch yengingqi amanzi, nto leyo kwinkulungwane XVII wanika iimbophelelo kule nkqubo ingxowa ukugcina amadama kunye piers kwi imilambo namachibi kwimimandla yoMzantsi Holland kunye Utrecht. Enye iqhina yokuqala yakhutshwa ngo-1624. Ngowe-2003, Yale University uye wathenga ibhondi ongunaphakade ka-1648, ebhalwe yebhokhwe eluswini, ikota yesigidi zeerandi. Bond oluboniswe kule myuziyam njengoko kwinto yembali, kodwa kuba nangoku ukwenza iintlawulo. Ixabiso lotyalo-mali lokuqala - zaliwaka guilder, nto leyo ilingana 500 eerandi mihla. Ngowe-2015, unjingalwazi Yale waya eNetherlands ukuba kuhlawulelwa iminyaka eli-12. Kwaba kangangoko 153 zeerandi.

Iintlawulo ze ukuzimela Haiti

Ngo1791, amakhoboka Afrika kwisiqithi seCaribbean San Domingo waququzelela ugwiliko wagwilika iinkosi zawo French. Le mvukelo yaphela ngowe-1804, ukusekwa Republic of Haiti - urhulumente kuphela, njengoko ngenxa yemvukelo kwamakhoboka. Nangona kunjalo, le meko karhulumente ezimele kude cheap. Nam France okanye eUnited States, akukho lizwe iye yayiqwalasela geqe Haiti.

Ngowe-1825, France yangqinga koloni yayo yangaphambili wathembisa ukuba kwafa kanye ehlasela. Urhulumente kwiriphabliki oselula owanyulwayo enye kuphela - ukuthenga ukuzimela yabo besayine isivumelwano malunga nentlawulo 90 million franc zegolide yokugubungela ilahleko France kunye abemi balo abaphila kummandla Haiti. imali ayabiza ladlula ingeniso ngonyaka kwiriphabliki ukuya izihlandlo ezihlanu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba iintlawulo yesivumelwano kwaqhubeka de 1947.

Namhlanje, amatsha amaninzi nabezopolitiko imfuno ukusuka ukubuya yaseFransi eHaiti akanabulungisa ukuthatha imali. Isixa-mali esilingana mihla abangaphezu kwama-$ 20.

annuity French 1738

Malunga amathathu eminyaka, France uyaqhubeka ukwenza ityala engaqhelekanga kusapho igqwetha French, wabanjwa 1738. Ngenkulungwane XVIII, igqwetha yi igama Klod Linott wayesebenza kumcebisi wezezimali kwi yaseFransi iNkosana Bouillon kunye nabantwana bakhe. Njengoko umvuzo ngenkonzo ebalaseleyo Lynott wacela Duke ukuba asayine annuity ubomi iwaka livres ngonyaka, esebenzayo kangangoko ephila ubuncinane enye inzala ngqo igqwetha kunye nomfazi wakhe. Claude Rod Lynott kwaba olukhuni kakhulu kwaye annuity waqhubeka ekhuthele nangona iingxabano eziliqela yesizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe kunye neziphithiphithi. Debt xexo abasindayo French Revolution, ukunyuka ukuya emandleni nokuwa uNapoleon, kwakunye iimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi. Ngokutsho uphando zoqoqosho abaye yapapasha ibali uClaude Lynott, kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, urhulumente waseFransi waze wazama ukuba ngentlawulelo ngonyaka ubenetloni kodwa inzala igqwetha mbono wala ukuba athengise ngayo. Iintlawulo kunjalo kwenziwa ngonyaka ngamnye kule mini, ngenxa kwamandla emali kunye utshintsho lwemali isixa iintlawulo lancipha kakhulu kwaye imalunga omnye Euro ngonyaka ngamnye.