Computer mouse: imbali kwendalo. Kwakubonakala ngathi le mouse computer yokuqala?

Namhlanje, le mouse - igalelo ayimfuneko zonke iikhompyutha mihla. Kodwa kutshanje ukuba bonke ezahlukeneyo. Iikhompyutha awunayo i-mfanekiso yeprogram ujongano lomsebenzisi, umyalelo kunye data angafakwa kusetyenziswa kuphela yezitshixo. Ke kaloku kwakukho yokuqala computer mouse? Uya kumangaliswa kukubona indlela yendaleko ewatyhutyhile eqhelekileyo kwisifundo ngasinye.

Ngubani owavela mouse computer yokuqala?

Douglas Engelbart ithathwa uyise kule fowuni. Wayengomnye wabo izazinzulu abazama ukuba isayensi kufutshane ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye benze inkqubela zifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani. Wenza i computer iimpuku wokuqala 1960 kwangethuba kwilebhu yakhe Stanford Research Institute (ngoku ESRI International). Kwase yokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1964, xa isicelo patent yale fyabo, bafake amaphepha-1967, yena igama njenge "XY Isalathisi isikhundla inkqubo ukubonisa". Kodwa i uxwebhu lwaseburhulumenteni phantsi inani 3541541 ifunyenwe kuphela ngo-1970.

Kodwa yonke into ilula kangaka?

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu uyazi owadala mouse computer yokuqala. Kodwa technology yophawu (drive ibhola) kuqala isetyenziswa ngaphambili kakhulu Navy Canada. Emva koko, ngo-1952, le mouse ibhola eqengqwe eqhelekileyo edityaniswe nenkqubo iintsimbi ezinzima, nenokuthi va shift yehlabathi size sixelise iintshukumo zakhe kwikhusi. Kodwa ihlabathi kuphela wafumanisa kwiminyaka kamva - ngenxa yokuba yenziwe imfihlelo yomkhosi zange eqinisekisiwe kwaye abazange bazame ukuvelisa kukuninzi. kweminyaka 11 kamva ukuba wayesele esaziwa, kodwa D. Engelbart wakufumanisa angasebenzi. Ngelo xesha akazange akwazi ukubeka indlela umbono wakhe lwe mouse kunye nefowuni.

Njani le nto?

izimvo Basic kwi fyabo kuqala lafika D. Engelbart ngo-1961, xa kwinkomfa kwi computer eziguquguqula ingxaki yokwandisa ukusebenza becomputing interactive. Senzeka kuye ngokusebenzisa amavili ezimbini ezincinci yisa ecaleni tabletop (ivili enye esijikeleziswa tyaba, kunye nezinye - nkqo) computer bangakwazi ukulandelela indibanisela ujikelezo kunye, ngokulandelelana, ukususa isalathisi kwidispleyi. Ukuze othile umgaqo amanyathelo uyafana planimeter - .. A isixhobo esetyenziswa yi iinjineli kunye zejografi sokulinganisela imigama emephini okanye umzobo, njalo njalo ke sisazinzulu wabhala le mbono kwincwadi yakho ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi.

Ngena elizayo

emva nje konyaka, D. Engelbart ifumene isibonelelo evela Institute ukuqalisa iphulo layo uphando ebizwa ngokuba 'Ukuphucula Ingqondo Human. " Phantsi kwalo wayemela inkqubo apho ulwazi abasebenzi abasebenza phezulu-komsebenzi izikhululo khompyutha kunye imiboniso enonxibelelwano, ukufikelela kulwazi olubanzi isithuba online. Ngayo, ukuba basebenze kunye, zokusombulula iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kakhulu. Kodwa le nkqubo kunqaba mihla izixhobo igalelo. Ngapha koko, ukuba basebenzisane kakuhle izinto kwikhusi, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ukhethe ngokukhawuleza kubo. NASA waba nomdla kwi projekthi yaye isibonelelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba le mouse khompyutha yenzelwe. Inguqulelo yokuqala yale sixhobo iyafana mihla ngaphandle ubukhulu. Ngaxeshanye, iqela labaphandi ziye kwemoto, kunye nezinye izixhobo, nto leyo ukuba ukulawula isalathisi ngokucinezela i namafutha unyawo okanye intshukumo idolo uqinisa ekhethekileyo phantsi kwetafile. Ezi izinto khange basinda, kodwa joystick omashini kwangelo xesha, kamva iphuculwe kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku.

Ngowe-1965, iqela D. Engelbart lapapasha ingxelo yokugqibela ukufunda kunye novavanyo ukusebenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokukhetha izinto kwikhusi. Kwakukho nkqu amavolontiya abathathe inxaxheba kolu vavanyo. Kwathi ngolu hlobo: Le nkqubo ibonisa izinto kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwikhusi kunye namavolontiya bazama njengoko ngonqakrazo yamacebo ezahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokutsho iziphumo ngekhompyutha iimvavanyo mouse yokuqala ngaphezu ngokucacileyo zonke ezinye izixhobo kwaye zifakiwe izixhobo umgangatho uphando.

Kwakubonakala ngathi le mouse computer yokuqala?

Kuye kwenziwa ngomthi kwaye isixhobo sokufaka yokuqala, nto leyo ibekwa esandleni lomsebenzisi. Ukwazi umgaqo wesenzo, sele kufuneka kusimangalise, kukhangeleke ngathi le mouse computer yokuqala. Phantsi umzimba idiski ezimbini metal, ivili, beesekethe. Button elinye kuphela, kwaye ucingo waya phantsi iwotshi zabantu, ephethe isixhobo. Kwase iye yaqokelelwa omnye amalungu eqela D. Engelbart, isekela lakhe, uWilliam (Bill) Inglish. Ekuqaleni, yena wayesebenza kwenye elebhu, kodwa kungekudala wazibandakanya le projekthi ukudala izixhobo igalelo, liye laphuhlisa laze lamilisela uyilo isixhobo esitsha.

Tilting enikina le mouse, unako ukuzoba inzuzo imigca ngokugqibeleleyo ngqo oxwesileyo kunye nkqo.

Ngowe-1967, ulwakhiwo lwezindlu sele waba zeplastiki.

Phi igama?

Ngokuphawulekayo akukho namnye ukhumbula ngubani kuqala ngokuba esi sixhobo mouse. kuvavanywa abantu bayo 5-6, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye babo bakhalisa efanayo. Ingakumbi mouse computer yokuqala wehlabathi yaba ucingo-nomsila kwi ngasemva.

kwenziwa nenye

Kakade ke, lo AMAGQABAZA ▸ zazingentle.

Ngowe-1968 e San Francisco kwinkomfa computer D. Engelbart laqalisa advanced mouse computer kuqala. Baye ke amaqhosha amathathu, ukongeza wezixhobo zabo doukomplektovyvalas keyboard kuba isandla sasekhohlo. Lo mbono ke oku: isandla sokunene ukusebenza nge mouse, ukukhetha nokusebenzisa izinto. Kwaye bahamba lula ibangela imiyalelo usebenzisa ibhodi yezitshixo encinane ngamaqhosha ezintlanu ubude njenge ipiyano. Ke kwaye kwacaca ukuba ucingo isandla somqhubi lidubadubekile xa usebenzisa ifowuni, kwaye oko kufuneka siboniswe kwicala phaya. Kakade ke, lo isimaphambili kuba isandla elisekhohlo ungabanjwa, kodwa Douglas Engelbart walisebenzisa kwiikhompyutha zazo de ngemihla yokugqibela.

Waqhubeka nomsebenzi ekuphuculeni

abanye baye amanqanaba kamva inqanaba lophuhliso mouse. Uninzi umdla kukuba D. Engelbart zange sifumane ekumba ukusuka wokusungula. Ekubeni patent oko njengoko Stanford Institute ingcali, i-Institute of uMthetho eligama ilahlwa kwisixhobo.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1972, uBill IsiNgesi iye endaweni amavili kwi ibhola yomonakalo, leyo ukuba baqaphele intshukumo le mouse kuyo naliphi icala. Ukususela ngoko, uye wasebenza kwinkampani Xerox Parc, le mveliso intsha iye yinxalenye imigangatho inkqubo Xerox Alto phambili. Yaba i mini-computer kunye imbonakalo-mfanekiso. Ngoko ke, abantu abaninzi ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba computer mouse yokuqala lwasungulwa enkampanini Xerox.

Inqanaba elilandelayo lophuhliso kwenzeka nge mouse ngo-1983, xa umdlalo ofakwa Apple. Enterprising Stiv Dzhobs iye kuqikelelwa iindleko zokuvelisa ubunzima isixhobo, apho malunga $ 300. Kwaba imali eninzi kakhulu ukuba umlinganiselo umthengi, ngoko kwagqitywa ekubeni lula uyilo lwe mouse kwaye endaweni enye amaqhosha amathathu. Ixabiso lehla ku $ 15. Kwaye nangona isigqibo kuseyinto impikiswano, Apple Musa ukungxama ukutshintsha kuyilo yayo lenkundla.

I computer mouse yokuqala yaba imilo ebuxande okanye isikwere, uyilo yokwakheka ajikelezayo wabonakala kuphela ngo-1991 Yaveza inkampani Logitech. Ukongeza imilo ezintsha umdla kwaba engenangcingo: wayenelizwi khompyutha inikwa ngendlela ngamaza erediyo.

Lokuqala mouse enombala wabonakala ngowe-1982 Kwafuneka ukuba basebenze emethini olukhethekileyo igridi eprintiweyo. Kwaye nangona ibhola yophawu, ukuba azihlambele ngokukhawuleza kubangela ngokuphazamisa yokuba kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo, waba ngokorhwebo le mouse woqondo anisizakali de-1998.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Njengoko sele uyazi, "ezinomsila" kunye yophawu phantse lisusiwe. Technology, inkangeleko kunye ergonomics yeempuku computer qho iphuculwe. Kwaye namhlanje, xa ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi kukho izixhobo kunye touchscreens, intengiso zabo musa angawi.