Cementation steel - inkqubo kunye nenkcazelo yayo. Carburizing steel ekhaya

Wona carburizing steel yinkqubo esekelwe kwi nokusingatha kwemichiza-thermal. kubume bayo sikuko ekuphunyezweni Ukwanda ukudibana phezu wathi eziphathekayo imali eyaneleyo carbon xa ndinobushushu kwindawo ethile.

Carburizing steel. Injongo yale senzo

Eyona njongo iphambili yale nkqubo ukuqhuba nokwandiswa umaleko ongaphezulu amacandelwana umatshini kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko mali le carbon, ipesenteji ekusenokwenzeka kule meko kuba 0.8-1.1%. Ngenxa yoko i-msebenzi ifunyenwe emva ucimayo kwelona nqanaba eliphezulu yokuqaqadeka umbandela, ngelixa ezingundoqo zeplastiki wayo igcinwa. Le ndawo ibaluleke gqitha yenkqubo.

uhlobo

Ngokutsho iqondo amandla undoqo imfundo zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu aphambili umbandela ziyaqhubekeka:

• Nge neuprochnyaemoy core. Kweli qela ziquka iintlobo ezifana ngesamente yodidi carbon, njengoko 10, 15, 20. Sebenzisa ngokweenkcukacha kunye ubungakanani amancinci kunye nemisebenzi malootvetstvennymi. Apha, umaleko waqinisa ekwenzeni lukhuni inguqu austenite ibe umxube ferritic-pearlitic.
• Ngembilini, abalwazi buthathaka. Eli qela ziquka chromium ephantsi ingxubevange intsimbi iintlobo ezifana 15X, 20X. Kukho ebambe kweziyobisi esongezelelweyo ukongezwa ezincinane vanadium uvelisa besu, nto leyo ebangela eziphuculweyo ductility kunye kobulembu umbandela.
• Nge ezingundoqo hardenable kakhulu. Yodidi eli qela zisetyenziswa ekwenziweni iindawo, apho kukho icandelo cross enkulu okanye uqwalaselo entsonkothileyo, kwaye ikwafumana kakhulu ifuthe okanye kukothuka imithwalo abakhuselekanga variables uxinzelelo olukhulu. Bathwala nickel administering (12Kh2N4A, 12HNZA, 20HN). Ngenxa yokunqaba izinto wambi wenziwe kwaso indawo manganese, esetyenziswa ngayo imali igalelo encinane vanadium okanye titanium ukuba kutyunyuzwa ingqolowa.

Ngokomthetho carburizing isetyenziselwa ukwenza ipesenti ephezulu kumphezulu yokuqaqadeka iinxalenye, kwakunye ukuphumeza ihlala phezulu, eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa unyango ubushushu emva kokuqhuba inkqubo.

Zithini iinkcukacha zale ntengiselwano zixhomekeke

Carburizing sobhedu kusetyenziswa iimveliso zilandelayo:

- amagiya ;

- "ngeminwe";

- emigodini;

- izizenze;

- eqhinga;

- "worms";

- amalungu eziveza (amakhonkco enkulu kunye umboniso), kunye nabanye.

Indlela for carburizing

Ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule eziphathekayo, ngamnye kubo ubuchule yayo yale nkqubo iza kusetyenziswa. Ngokubanzi, steel waqinisa ukuze aveliswe phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye bume, kwakunye lobushushu olusisinyanzelo 850 ukuya 950 degrees Celsius. Ngoko ke, ukwabelana iindlela ezininzi amanyathelo:

1. carburizing Process esivulekayo carburizer esiqinileyo. Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo (amathambo ezilwanyana, imithi, njalo njalo) kunye nezingaphiliyo (coke) ngokusebenzisana activators ezahlukeneyo. Nokwandiswa carbon kuya kwenzeka ebudeni indlela eekhemikhali igcwala. Ukusetyenziswa activators kulo mzekelo negalelo ngcono nangokukhawuleza basabela. Le ndlela iluncedo ingakumbi ekuphumezeni vuenti carburizing. Kuyaphumelela ekwenziweni ngentsimbi iimveliso unit okuzo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo kungatya ixesha elide, loo nto ithetha inkcitho enkulu amandla, ixesha namandla.

2. Inkqubo carburizing wenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo zegesi. Le ndlela kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa iigesi aphuculweyo (zendalo, isiqu, njalo njalo). Okanye udidi egalelwe (nitrogen). Konke kuxhomekeke ngamnye. Ngaphandle carburising gas sentsimbi-ofisini ukuba ezifunyenwe ipesenti encinane aliphatic hydrocarbon ifumile, propane okanye alkanes. Amaninzi, le ndlela isetyenziswa kwimveliso ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kodwa imali eninzi kakhulu ngokwalo imali. Indlela efanayo isetyenziswa kwimveliso thermal. Xa rotortnuyu kwimixube eshushu lezonka elawulwa ngayo iikhompawundi organic high eziphilayo (umz, turpentine, ethyl utywala, njalo-njalo), mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kufuneka ukwazi folokohlo phantsi kweempembelelo ehlanganisa (nickel).

3. Inkqubo lulwelo carburization. Oku lisetyenziswa benqanda kunye bestsianidnyh iibhate. Nganye kwezi bume luphawulwa iimpawu zaso, ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. Umzekelo, ezibhateni benqanda na zihlelwa engeyongozi. Zidla zihlelwa yingozi eendaba zokusingqongileyo kuphela bume kodwa abantu. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa izinto ezinjalo kufuneka azame ukulandela onke amanyathelo amiselweyo okhuseleko intlungu ezimbi. Kodwa indlela esekelwe ibhafu bestsianidnoy ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba isicelo ngenxa yokuba oko kukhokelela kungcoliseko lakho kokusingqongileyo nejongene umonakalo omkhulu. Ezi ndlela ukuba zisetyenziswa practice, oko kuphela nje ngenxa nzulu ezinzulwini carburizing.

unyango Fudumeza yemveliso waqinisa

Le nkqubo kwakhona iinkcukacha kakhulu ebalulekileyo processing. Ngapha koko, nasemva ekuqiniseni imveliso akanalo ipesenti ephezulu iyahlala nokuthembeka. Ngoko ke, inyathelo lokugqibela kule meko umsebenzi lukhuni kunye tempering. inkqubo icima has eziliqela iimpawu kunye neempawu. yonke le nkqubo ithabatha indawo phantsi kwempembelelo ukukhula cementation ingqolowa, kwaye ibuyisela phezu icandelo esiphambanweni non-uniform kwaye aphele edyokhweni. Ngoko ke, lo wachacha ucimayo zigaba eziliqela, nganye leyo eyenzeka kwiimeko ezithile lobushushu.

isiphelo

Emva kokufunda ngasentla, singatsho ukuba umbutho kule nkqubo ngexesha nokuveliswa kwemveliso zentsimbi ibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kakhulu ukuqinisa inxalenye umphezulu umaleko. Xa sinezinto izakhono ezithile kule ndawo kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko kunye nezixhobo enokwenziwa carburizing sentsimbi ekhaya.