Beka Relative - ntoni na? inkcazelo eneenkcukacha

HTML yokwakha - yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide, engqongqo, kodwa ngobuchule kakhulu. Nangona kukuba uninzi lwabantu abaqeshwe IT, amaphepha e web ubeko inokubonakala ucwangciso uyadika, iingcali kuba umsebenzi ukuba ityala elinjalo, hayi kuphela ngokomgangatho ukwenza loo msebenzi, kodwa amkele inkqubo uyolo ebambekayo.

Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ube coder onamava, ungumsebenzi ngalinye uchitha ixesha elininzi efunda imiyalelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nengcombolo zombini ulwimi HTML, yaye ezihlanganisa wayo - CSS. Malunga kanye into CSS, into obuyiyo nento 'iindlebe feint "ikuvumela ukuba phezulu, kwakunye enye iimpahla zazo top - Indawo Relative - namhlanje siza sithethe.

Yintoni CSS?

CSS Ufinyezo kungenziwa yayishicilelwe kwaye iguqulelwe Russian njenge "sheets lesimbo elidityanisiweyo". Ikhala pretty engaqhelekanga - kwelinye icala, kubonakala ngokucacileyo, namagama, yaye kwelinye - intsingiselo jikelele akukho ngoko nangoko kwikhompyutha. Masiqalise kunye alula - nge style. Le buchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuba athimbe izinto kwiphepha, iimpawu ezithile ngokuphathelele ukubonakala ukuba abhalise kube kanye kuphela kwaye usebenzise inani olungenasiphelo amaxesha.

Igama elithi "itafile" kwi esisemthethweni wabonakala phantse ngengozi - okuyinyani efanelekileyo ngakumbi apha kuya kuba ukusebenzisa igama elithi "lists" okanye "izintlu", nangona kunjalo ababhali inguqulelo yokuqala yagqiba ukuba le CSS Kubonakala ngathi ngaphezu uluhlu, kwaye thina enjalo ngoku ukuze bacikidwe phakathi kwabo.

Ekugqibeleni, igama elithi "Cascade." Inyaniso kukuba isiqalelo ngasinye kunokuba izimbo eziliqela aokusetyenziswa ugalelwe okanye ayangenana. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i browser has bangabheneli uluhlu lwemithetho, ukuze ibhale imbonakalo block, leyo kwaba izimbo eziliqela, omnye wabo, umzekelo, kukho Isikhundla ipropati Relative, kunye nezinye - Indawo Absolute. Enyanisweni, iingxabano ayikwazi ukunyamezeleka, kodwa kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu isiphithiphithi loo kwenzeka kaninzi.

Ngoko ke, xa yonke into icacile ukusuka igama, makhe sihlolisise umzekelo olula. Masithi isayithi yakho kufuneka ibe linani elikhulu yamaqhosha, iyilwe ngendlela ethile. Baye iipropati ezifana ubukhulu, isithunzi, Ibar, umbala. Kakade ke, ungakhankanya ezi parameters, ukudala iqhosha ngalinye, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa CSS. Ukuziqhelisa, kufuneka ukuchaza kwiklasi ethile, leyo sidwelisa iMilinganiselo zonke ezi mpawu zingasentla, yaye emva koko, endaweni uluhlu olude, i tag ka iqhosha ngalinye kuya kufuneka nje ukucacisa igama leklasi, ngoko ke isikhangeli ngokwayo iya imibala ezi zinto kwi umbala efunekayo yaye ubanike esifanelekileyo "isilungiseleli seglosi".

Ntoni impahla isikhundla?

Ngoku uqhubeke ngqo Position propati, ngenxa okwasungulwa eli nqaku yonke. Ukuba uqhelene ne ulwimi IsiNgesi, okanye ube intuition elungileyo, ngoko ufanele sele icace - lo mhlaba unoxanduva indawo nto. Enyanisweni, le ndlela, kodwa endaweni ukucacisa indawo ethile, lo mhlaba uxelela indlela umkhangeli zincwadi kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela enye okanye enye into ngokubhekiselele osecaleni okanye ngapha kwephepha xa iyonke.

Ziziphi samanani impahla isikhundla?

impahla yethu ukwamkela amaxabiso ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kukho ezintlanu kuphela. Nantsi inkcazelo emfutshane nganye:

• Indawo ilifa. Olu phawu ikuvumela ukuba ukukhuphela data kwi imeko element ukuba ngumzali. Umzekelo, ukuba unemouse div kunye Isikhundla Relative elikhankanyiweyo, ngoko wangena kuyo kunye IMG ixabiso ilifa iya kukhululwa ku Relative.
• Lokubeka Static. Eli xabiso inikwa beengxenye zonke ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe na ngakumbi. Iziqalelo ezingena isikhundla njengoko kuchaziwe kwi khowudi kwaye akufumaneki ezahlukeneyo "frills", sivumele ukutshintsha indawo yabo.
• Indawo Absolute. Ngu eli xabiso impahla Indawo leyo ngokufuthi lisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza i "ezidadayo" isiqalelo. Ekubeni ixabiso lento ipropati yi "obungabonakaliyo" nakwamanye amacandelo yephepha. Oko kukuthi, ukuba zicwangciswe ngokungathi ayisekho element yethu epheleleyo. Yena uya kuhlala endaweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba sele kude scrolled page.
• Indawo eme. Ngeendlela ezininzi, eli xabiso iyafana kowangaphambili, nangona kunjalo, lo gama i element ingundoqo lubotshelelwe umzali, esisigxina imisebenzi kuphela uququzelelo yembombo yasekhohlo ephezulu isikhangeli ikhusi, ukukhathaza abanye eziqalelo ezazingaphambi kwalo.
• Ekugqibeleni, beka endaweni Relative. Oku amaxabiso hlobo ivumela endaweni element xa kuthelekiswa namanye, oluno kubaluncedo lokudala okulungisekayo nokumakishwa ebizwa "zerabha" eqhelekileyo. Ngesi impahla, le nto uza 'tyhala "omnye, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukutshintsha indawo yazo kwiphepha.

Ukusebenza Isikhundla izikhangeli ezahlukeneyo

Asingabo bonke iibrawuza ehambelanayo ngokulinganayo. Nangona uninzi iinkqubo ezizezinye surf Internet ngaphandle uerha ixabiso yeMeko waqonda uyinyaniso ngokupheleleyo, "yokungabi ekhethekileyo» Internet Explorer ugqala propati, ngokuxhomekeka version yayo.

Umzekelo, usebenzisa sele "kungcwatywa" ibrawuza IE6, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ixabiso Fixed ilifa - "idonki" nje ungayihoyi. Noko ke, nangona version wesixhenxe isimo siqala ukuba ngcono, ukanti olusigxina sele ukuqhubekekiswa, ukuba Ilifa oyintanda "browser ukulayishela kwezinye iibrawuza," wafika kuphela kokufa yesibhozo.

Ke ezinye ababukeleyo ukusingatha bezolile Indawo kunye kwinguqulelo yokuqala, ngaphandle Opera, ethe wafumana inkxaso iipropati kwiiyantlukwano yayo 4, epapashwe kwiminyaka yoo-90.

Ukusebenza Isikhundla Javascript

Enyanisweni, ibali, ukuba asebenze njani na ipropati Isikhundla Javascript, siquke kuphela ngenxa ezibonisa. Ngenxa yokuba lo mhlaba alinayo nayiphi na oonobumba abakhethekileyo isihloko, ungasebenzisa i JS ngaphandle naluphi na utshintsho, umzekelo, ukuseta Position div Relative, kufuneka ibandakanye umgca efana nale: div.style.position = 'isihlobo'.

Njengoko ubona, nto intle elula.

Kutheni Indawo ngumbandela Relative ingqalelo ekhethekileyo?

Nangona uninzi ixabiso lezakhiwo Position, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, "amathe" kwi iziqalelo ezingqongileyo, esebenzisa ixabiso "indlela isikhundla: isalamane", njalo uyikhumbule yonke iphepha lonke, ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga ngamandla 'ROOTN "zonke iziqulatho lomkhusane .

Ukongeza, le ipropati ivumela kuphela ukuba ukuguqula ngokulula okulungisekayo yoyilo esingatshintshiyo, ngokuba isicelo sayo iya kuchaphazela ngokuzenzekelayo onke amaphepha umxholo. Emva koko basenethuba ukuqwalasela imizekelo neempazamo besebenzisa eli xabiso, yaye uya kubona ukubaluleka kwayo eziphathekayo practice.

Kufuneka usebenzise nini ndawo isalamane?

Ukongeza ubeko eqhelekileyo lamaphepha anjengoxwebhu, Indawo Relative wayedla ukwenza iintlobo yeziphumo umdla. Ngokomzekelo, xa ufuna into "weza" kwiphepha okanye ngokuchasene noko, labuya ngaphaya nommandla wayo, ikwayile impahla anokukunceda ukuphumeza le "iqhinga".

Ezi "amaqhinga" ziyaphunyezwa Javascript, okanye, ukuba ngaba sizimisele ukuba ahlawuliswe ngcembe, ngenxa iimpawu CSS3, ezivumela ukuba ukunyenyisa utshintsho wovandlakanyo kwixabiso elithile variable.

Ukongezelela, kwezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka ukudala "hybrid" amaxabiso Indawo Isihlobo. CSS, phofu ngaxeshanye ikuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa into efana isikhundla: isalamane ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngokusebenzisa amanye amaqhinga, kunokwenzeka nangoku ukuphumeza oku. Le ndlela inokuba luncedo kwiimeko apho ufuna ukwenza into ontsonkothe nencam yesixhobo okanye imenyu ezivelelayo-. Ujonge le mizekelo, siza kukunika inkcazelo enjengesakhiwo ezinjalo "hybrid."

Imizekelo yokusebenzisa simo isihlobo

Uyimise Relative - nto intle elula, kodwa isixhobo bhetyebhetye ekuvumela ukuba kuphunyezwe iintlobo yeziphumo umdla. Ukuze ukuba ukuchitha ixesha kunye nendawo ukubhala template engento ikhowudi, esilishumayelayo ubuchule eziliqela ngomlomo, leyo bayihombise isayithi yakho okanye amaphepha athile.

Makhe siqale "ukubaleka baphume 'emgceni. Masithi unayo imfuneko into esiya "ukuhamba" kuba ngohlangothi kwikhohlo lesikrini ngokucotha yishenxisele kwicala lasekunene. Ukuze kuphunyezwe "nendlela" ezinjalo kufuneka babeke indawo: isihlobo; ngasekhohlo: -100px, apho -100 - inani elisondeleyo ipixels ziquka ububanzi block. Le isimbo kuzakuvumela ukuba ukufihla iyunithi ngaphandle kwe kwekhusi, uyibeka kwi "sikhundla eqala". Ngoku ungasebenzisa script eza kwandisa zonke sengozi ngasekhohlo ixabiso lempahla ngeyunithi nganye logama nje oku akubi elilingana ububanzi ibhrawuza window thabatha ububanzi element. Ngenxa yoko iyunithi eziphuma ngohlangothi lasekhohlo, saliqengqa ngapha kwekhusi kunye "emile 'esandleni sakhe sokunene.

Omnye umzekelo ikuvumela ukuba ukudala iziqalelo 'isihlobo-ngokupheleleyo ". Umzekelo, ungafaka eliphelele ngaphakathi kwenye, ukuba Indawo Isihlobo. Ngenxa yoko, sinalo nje ibhloko "isihlobo" ezingenayo ubukhulu apho kukuzibophelela ubhalwe, ngoku iyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kwindawo ayingaphandle element odlulileyo.

iimpazamo gumbini xa usebenzisa Indawo Isihlobo

Impazamo kakhulu xa usebenzisa Relative Position kukuba abathungi web ezininzi silibale ngayo ubuchule ukugcinelwa indawo kwiyunithi, leyo akhiwe naphi na. Umzekelo, ukuba unemouse enkulu kangangoko, ibekwe ngaphandle kwe ikhusi nokuba ukubeka isizalwane, endaweni yayo kuya kuba kwashiya "umngxuma". Noko ke, kule ndawo amaxesha kudala bajonga iingxaki ezithile enokusetyenziselwa okulungileyo, umzekelo, ukudala isiphumo umdla of "self-ukuhlanganisana" yesiza, apho zonke iibhloko yayo ngokuthe zibekwe kwindawo top: 0; ngasekhohlo: 0; t. e. kwindawo yayo yoqobo.