Ballet "Swan Lake". ballet Tchaikovsky kaThixo "Swan Lake"

ballet Tchaikovsky kaThixo "Swan Lake" - enye iisimboli ubuchule Russian enkulu, umsebenzi wobugcisa, ezaba Likhonkco ebuncwaneni umculo zehlabathi 'phawu "ye Bolshoi Theatre. inqaku ngalinye ukubandezeleka buzane imveliso. Ngobunzulu ntlekele kunye uncuthu ezintle, uphawu imisebenzi Petra Ilicha, laba impahla bonke abathandi umculo abalandeli kwilizwe komnyhadala. Iimeko yayo indalo le ballet nkulu kungekho kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe taxi of "Imifanekiso phezu kolwandle."

Umyalelo for ballet

Kwikota yokugqibela yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yayilixesha engaqhelekanga ukuba ballet. Namhlanje, xa yaba yinxalenye ezakudala, kunzima ukucinga ukuba eminyaka nje embalwa edlulileyo, olu hlobo art ziphathwa njengento lwesibini, ukuwathetha awona ingqalelo zeemvumi kakhulu. P. I. Chaykovsky, ukuba umqambi odumileyo nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo Connoisseur zomculo, kunjalo wayemthanda zebhaleyi nokwenziwa ezivame, nangona ukubhalwa kule uhlobo, umnqweno ayikho ngayo. Kodwa kwenzeka into engalindelekanga kwisiqalo kobunzima izinto ezithile kwafika umyalelo kwiCandelo apho wathembisa isixa esikhulu. wathenjiswa unesisa umrhumo, engange elinamanci asibhozo. UPyotr Ilyich bakhonza somculo, yaye ngaloo mihla, ootitshala, kakhulu, akazange aphile tofotofo, nangona, eneneni, umba ngobuninzi eyahlukileyo. I iseti Umqambi ukusebenza. Ballet "Swan Lake" (kuqala wamitha igama "Isiqithi weentaka") sakhiwa isicwangciso ngokusekelwe amavo German.

Wagner and Tchaikovsky

Ekubeni isenzo eyayisenzeka eJamani, i P. I. Chaykovsky, ukuba uzive emoyeni obufihlakeleyo sagas leTeutonic kunye iinqaba apho Knights kunye ladies ezintle kwakukho oonobumba ngendlela eqhelekileyo, yiya kweli lizwe (oku, ngasendleleni, malunga ubuhlwempu yeziqulatho le ke oonjingalwazi) . Kwisixeko Bayreuth ngexesha ntetho (ukunika i "Ring of the Nibelungen") yabamba umhlobo olumnandi buchopho ezimbini - Petra Ilicha noRichard Wagner. Tchaikovsky wavuyiswa kunye "Lohengrin" kunye nezinye opera oogxa bakhe edumileyo, ngoko akazange asilele ukwazisa umzalwana waseJamani xa ukuthembeka kwindlela lamanqaku. misebenzi yakhe ophambili Russian ndagqiba kwelokuba uSiegfried, wagaleleka kuyo German enkulu ayizange engqondweni.

Enye twisiseka German Ludwig II

Kwakukho omnye umlinganiswa twisisaka, kuyichaphazela nzulu ngekamva ballet "Swan Lake". Wagner axhasa mlawuli wohlobo, Ludwig II, ngubani umntu wasemzini, kodwa omnye nesiphiwo hlobo. Ukwakha ivala twisisaka, kumnandi kwaye engaqhelekanga, wadala umoya of the Ages Aphakathi, ezingoonombini kakhulu nomphefumlo umqambi enkulu Russian. Nkqu nokufa kakumkani, nto leyo kwenzeka xa iimeko twisisaka kakhulu, kakuhle ngaphakathi umphandle ngobomi yale ubuntu obungaqhelekanga yaye uyathandeka. Ukufa komntu lokumkani ngokungaqhelekanga Benza emqukumbelweni ezingqondweni PI Tchaikovsky isiphumo ngxelo imbi oko elinganeno umbuzo ukuba awayeze nayo, nangona ngokulahleka, ishwangusha entloko ibali esibuhlungu, wayefuna ukuba ukuxelela abantu.

kunqubo

Kulo ballet, njengoko amanyathelo belusoloko ingqalelo komnyhadala qembu. Ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, le isithethe luwugqithile ballet "Swan Lake". Content, Noko ke, naye ukubaluleka, ukuba ugxininisa intsingiselo umculo omnandi. Yinto ebuhlungu kwaye ungena kwinkcazelo ungonwabanga ukuthandana. Ekubeni ulawulo yeqonga luye lwenziwa ngo "Swan Lake" indima zomdaniso uMthengi, lo mdlalo labelwa Vladimir Begichev, umalathisi Bolshoi. Yena wancediswa V. Geltser, ngumdanisi, yaye kamva umbhali ngokwakhe uqhagamshele inkqubo yokuyila. Amanqaku Yayenzelwe-1876, yaye zonke ukukhathalela eboniswe ngexesha ekudalweni ballet, P. I. Chaykovsky, mhlawumbi, akazange alindele ukuba lo msebenzi uya kuhla kuthotho wemisebenzi leyo immortalized igama lakhe.

Abadlali, ixesha nendawo

Indawo kunye nexesha amanyathelo achongwe liyana. Baphambili kancinane, ezilishumi kuphela. Phakathi kwabo inkosazana imperious kunye nonyana wakhe uSiegfried, enye yokugqibela, imvelaphi Zommershtern, umthantamisi wakhe Wolfgang von Stein kunye nomfazi wakhe, imvelaphi Shvartsfels, kakhulu, kunye nomfazi wakhe, imbaleki, mshumayeli kwimisitho, nenkuku yamanzi ukumkanikazi, kudala oninyangileyo Odette ezintle, ngathi nethontsi wamanzi she Odile kunye uyise Rothbart, kukho nomkhafuli embi. Kwaye, kakade, abalinganiswa ezincinane, kuquka Little weentaka. Ngokubanzi, eqongeni ngexesha izenzo ezine kukho amagcisa zingabi mbalwa kakhulu.

lwendaba

Young, ngokubenza izityebi uSiegfried sichitha ixesha nabahlobo. Yena umbhiyozo, imini ubudala. Kodwa kukho umhlambi nenkuku yamanzi, into etsala prince oselula amlandela ehlathini. Odette, ukuthatha ifomu yabantu, captivates ngobuhle bayo othetha inkohliso Rothbart, ndisangqengqile naye. Prince wenza isifungo phakade, kodwa unina-ukumkanikazi na isiphelo isicwangciso Izixhobo yomtshato nyana. Xa ibhola yena Odile ziyafana kakhulu nenkuku queen ntombazana. Kodwa ke ukufana ulinganiselwe kwimbonakalo, yaye kungekudala uSiegfried liyazi impazamo yakhe. Yena uza kungena kumlo umguvela Rothbart, kodwa imikhosi ezingalungeleleneyo. Ekupheleni abangabathandi kubulewe umguvela (in ngokutsha nefubesi), kakhulu. Lo isakhiwo sebali. "Swan Lake" uye waba womdaniso obalaseleyo, kungekhona ngenxa sikhethekileyo wayo; kodwa kubulelwe magic umculo Tchaikovsky kaThixo.

a okomhlaba ukungaphumeleli

Ngowe-1877, xa Bolshoi okomhlaba. Umhla ka Februwari 20 UPetros Ilyich balinda kunye ixhala namonde. Izizathu uchulumanco ngenxa wosana wathabatha Wenzel Reisinger, akaphumelela zonke zangaphambili ngokukhuselekileyo iqala Theatre. Ndiyathemba ukuba eli xesha uya kuphumelela, akayi kwakwanele. Kwaba njalo. Ayizizo zonke ababephila wasazisa umculo enkulu, ngokwasengqondweni ekwazi isenzo kunye. Imigudu webhaleyi Polina Karpakovoy ekudaleni umfanekiso Odette akuphumelelanga. A Line Chorus ayisebenzeleyo okuninzi ukugxekwa ukuze abuhlungu engafanelekanga wendiza izandla. Iikhosityum kunye iiseti iimpazamo. Kuphela ukuzama yesihlanu, emva kokuba utshintsho kukuhambi- (it yangqungqa Anna Sobeschanskaya, webhaleyi prima le Bolshoi Theatre), wakwazi kukuphembelela thile abaphulaphuli. P. I. Chaykovsky lekile aluphumelelanga.

mvelo Mariinsky

Kwenzeka ukuba ballet "Swan Lake" wayexatyiswa kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe, nto leyo zange zimiselwe ukuze anandiphe hlula yakhe. kweminyaka esibhozo imveliso ngaphandle nempumelelo enkulu wawuluLwandle Bolshoi de ekugqibeleni yasuswa kule nkulu. Sebenza kwi inguqulelo entsha Inqanaba le choreographer Marius Petipa waqalisa kunye umbhali, wabanceda Lev ivanov, ngubani waba ubuchule engaqhelekanga ngokwenene yaye memory zomculo obalaseleyo.

I-script ke ngokutsha, yonke kwewebhu choreographic. ukufa umqambi elikhulu bothuka Petipa, waye wagula (ukuba negalelo kwezinye iimeko zobuqu), kodwa wachacha, yazibuza ukwenzela ukudala enye intwazana "Swan Lake", eya kuba lesikhumbuzo ngokungummangaliso P. I. Chaykovskomu. Waphumelela.

Sele February 17, 1894, kungekudala emva kokufa umqambi, kwinkumbulo yakhe langokuhlwa, umfundi L. Petipa ivanov wacela kuluntu inguqulelo entsha ye utoliko isenzo yesibini, luphawulwa abagxeki njengoko nhlanganiso okuqaqambileyo. Emva koko, ngoJanuwari 1895, i-ballet ke ndibano Mariinsky Theatre eSt Petersburg. Eli xesha yaba nkulu ngokungaqhelekanga. A elwayo ezimbalwa ngomoya jikelele imisebenzi nesiphelo entsha, bonwabile. umzalwana wakhe wacela ukuba umqambi kade uModest Tchaikovsky. Kwixesha elizayo, qembu wabuyela kwinguqulelo yokuqala, owaliweyo kule mini zemiboniso impumelelo enkulu ehlabathini lonke.

ballet Kwangaphambili

Ukungaphumeleli "Swan Lake", kuyabonakala ukuba, yaba isizathu esinye sokuba umqambi iminyaka elishumi elinamithathu zange ukwenza ballets. Tchaikovsky usenokuba waluduba khona apho into yokuba olu hlobo kuseyinto elula, ngokungafaniyo opera, symphony, abandwendweli, cantatas kunye iikonsathi, leyo wayekhetha ukudala. Iyonke ballet Umqambi wabhala abathathu, abanye ezimbini kukho "Sleeping Beauty", oko yaqala ngo-1890, yaye wanikela "I Nutcracker" uluntu isibini iminyaka.

Ke ukuba i "Swan Lake", ngoko ke waba ubomi obude, kwaye, mhlawumbi, ngonaphakade. yonke ballet kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini akuthethi behle oseqongeni ndawo zemidlalo eziphambili ehlabathini. izimvo zabo ukusebenza kwingxelo yayo ezibalaseleyo choreographer owayephila Gorsky, Vaganova, K. Sergeyev kunye nabanye abaninzi. Indlela utshintsho kwinxalenye umculo zomsebenzi kwakhokelela ukufumana iindlela ezintsha creative ukudanisa, engqina inkokheli ehlabathini ballet Russian. Iingcali zobugcisa evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ukuya eMoscow, cinga ingongoma ebalulekileyo ngokundwendwela i-Theatre Grand. "Swan Lake" - umdlalo weqonga oza angazishiyi nabani lingenandaba, babukele - iphupha zonke izithandane ballet. Amakhulu nabadanisi abadumileyo cinga kwincopho umsebenzi wakhe Odette.

Ndandisazi Peter Ilyich ...