Amaxwebhu Project for ukwakhiwa kwento. Ukubunjwa design and Uqikelelo namaxwebhu

Architecture ne zokwakha apho kangangoko okhulayo abantu. Ezi mveliso iguqulwe kwaye abafumana amahla ndinyuka ngokuxhomekeke izigaba kunye neminyaka. Imfuno kubasebenzi zokwakha, ezifana abayili, abayili, amagcisa, abahloli, wakuva ukuya kwixesha langoku. Bonke bephela sisebenza kumgca project, ukwakhiwa eyinkunzi, ngokusetyenziswa kwemibuzo nemigangatho kunye neemeko zobugcisa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. amaxwebhu Project for the ukwakhiwa into inika isakhiwo iindleko, Ndibeka izibalo ezisekelwe iindlela eziphambili.

Ukulawulwa ubume amaxwebhu design

Isibakala sokuba inxalenye umba entsonkothileyo lamaxwebhu yoyilo, njengoko kuchazwe kwi "iMimiselo malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku amaxwebhu yoyilo kunye neemfuno ikuquletheyo."

Sigqibo phantsi inombolo 87 eyenziwe ngo February 2008, phantse yonke ingcaciso ngalo mbandela uqulathwe kwi Code loCwangciso Urban, kwiSiqendu 48.

Umthengi inika umyili jikelele ngokungqinelana ne-odolo ukwakhiwa data ekrwada apho kukho uphuhliso amaxwebhu yoyilo ukuze kwakhiwe. data eziphambili ziquka imiqathango yocwangciso lwedolophu kunye nemiqathango ziquka imiqathango reference.

Ububanzi wokuLawula

Imigaqo kunye nemithetho uxwebhu olukhoyo isicelo ukuba amaxwebhu eprojekti eziphuhlileyo ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa iziko:

• ukwakhiwa Capital kwezakhiwo zonke iintlobo.
• Kwezinye amacandelo ukwakhiwa, umzekelo, kukho nokwakhiwa buso, ukulungisa kanye nokulungiswa nezinye iintlobo zezakhiwo nezakhiwo.

Iintlobo izinto eziwela phantsi kwe

iimeko design imihlathi isebenza:

1. izakhiwo Industrial, ezi ziquka zonke izakhiwo ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kweemveliso iinqaba, zingafakwanga kolu luhlu bezinto yomgama.
2. Structures of Sphere non-onemveliso, kweyela kolu didi lwezindlu zentlalo nenkcubeko,, indlu kunye neeprojekthi yokwakha kamasipala.
3. uhlobo-line izakhiwo eziquka ngoohola, iziporo, imibhobho, iintambo zombane, iintambo igesi.

Ukwahlukana kwamaxwebhu

Ngokuhambelana kunye nezibonelelo candelo kwamaxwebhu ikhutshwa phandle:

• uyilo nophuhliso;
• uyilo lokusebenza.

Nika intsingiselo yeli gama hayi amanqanaba ukulungiselela amaxwebhu projekthi, bamele leeseti ezahlukeneyo yamaxwebhu. Umongo kwisahlulo inkqubo yoyilo kwenziwa kwinqanaba ukuba amaxwebhu ayimfuneko hayi ziyaphuhliswa kwangoko, yaye ngokuhambelana kunye nezigaba ezibini.

Inqanaba lokuqala "P"

Isigaba sokuqala ( "P" isigaba) - le projekthi iye yamkelwa ngendlela injongo jikelele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kwezisombululo eneenkcukacha. Wakhethwa uhlobo lwesakhiwo, indawo yayo, uyilo, ucwangciso kunye nezisombululo zokwakha, wabeka indlela yokwakha ivale umbuzo malunga amacebo zeteknoloji sokwakha. Kweli nqanaba sisishwankathelo uqikelelo, benikwe inkcazelo jikelele wokwakha.

Lo mqulu kwamaxwebhu ephambili kuxhomekeke inkqubo yoviwo karhulumente, leyo yingqikelelo kunye nezimvo ukuze kulungiswe iimpazamo. Emva uhlengahlengiso kuba le projekthi yamkelwe okanye abalahlwe ngumthengi.

Inyathelo elandelayo - "RP"

Inqanaba lesibini - "RP" - sikuko ekwenzeni uyilo oluneenkcukacha, equka uxwebhu olunenkcukacha. Zonke izisombululo eqhelekileyo ukuba kabanzi. imizobo esiSiseko, ubanjisiwe inyathelo "P", esebenzisa iinkcukacha uguqulwa ezineenkcukacha basike imifanekiso yemizobo ezixelwe kwiindawo. Kweli nqanaba, ngokungqinelana ne-jikelele kuqikelelwa ukuba uhlahlo zasekuhlaleni kunye namanye amaxwebhu eneenkcukacha. Ukusebenza amaxwebhu draft zithunyelwa ngqo abakhi kwisiza, i "P" beqonga yeqonga iphepha ayihambi.

uxwebhu olunenkcukacha iza kuphunyezwa inkqubo ukulungiswa okanye ukwakhiwa izisombululo ezintsha kunye neendleko-olusebenzayo technology. WokuLawula akukho okukhomba kulandelelwano kuphuhliso imizobo zokusebenza kanye ukuhlaziya umbhalo, ngoko amaxwebhu yokusebenza kumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno umthengi lowo. Abatyali okanye umphuhlisi egqiba zeziphi iindawo ezikhuselekileyo ziya kufakwa kwi kuyilo yokusebenza, ngokusekelwe kwizisombululo imbudumbudu ofunekayo, esi sicelo iboniswe xa kukhutshwa ngemizobo ekwenzeni umsebenzi, kuthathelwa ngayo ingqalelo phantsi uphuhliso noququzelelo kwamaxwebhu projekthi.

Kuphuhliso lamaxwebhu ngokwamanqanaba ezimbini ineendlela zayo, leyo kulala yokuba ukulungiswa abawuthobeli onke amaxwebhu kwimeko izisombululo akuphumelelanga, kodwa izahlulo kuphela kuyo. Ukuba ukwakhiwa okanye ukuvuselelwa into luquka umthamo encinane, bobabini isigaba yoyilo zidibene ibe eqhelekileyo, apho yonke imiba isonjululwa ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni idityanisiwe ekwakhiweni lokugqibela amaxwebhu yoyilo-mali?

Oku kuquka umsebenzi kunye neprojekthi namaxwebhu. Nguwo lo ke umahluko ephambili izigaba kuyilo, xa inguqulelo yokugqibela yi kuphela idrafti esebenzayo. Amaxwebhu iyavumelana omnye komnye. amaxwebhu Project for ukwakhiwa izinto kwiqela eyinkunzi of non-ezinemveliso okanye kwimizi didi lubandakanya amaphepha, ehambelana kwizahlulo ezilishumi elinambini:

1. Ukuhlela Umbutho msebenzi wokwakha kwisiza.
2. Bamkela iinketho yezakhiwo zokwakha.
3. INGCACISWANA kwiprojekthi ekhaya.
4. Kwaphuhliswa isithuba-ucwangciso kunye nezisombululo zoyilo.
5. networks engineering Ulwazi, izixhobo, uluhlu amanyathelo zobugcisa, kubekho ukugwetyelwa iinkqubo zobugcisa.
6. Lo Endliwa inkqubo kweentambo zombane kunye nonikezelo.
7. Imizobo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi.
8. Scheme isixhobo amdaka ngokuhlanjululwa.
9. zivula unikezelo, ukucwangciswa zokufudumeza imibhobho, umoya-moya isithuba langaphakathi.
10. inkqubo yonxibelelwano indawo.
11. uluhlu lwemibhobho igesi yendalo kunye nezixhobo umbhobho.
12. kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa isebenza, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwizicwangciso floor.
13. POS (umbutho zokwakha yeprojekthi).
14. Inkcazelo yamanyathelo mabaziqhaqhe izakhiwo ezikhoyo qela lwenkunzi.
15. Uluhlu amanyathelo yokwenene ukukhusela kwisithuba ezingqongileyo.
16. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi ukhuseleko emlilweni.
17. Izinto noshowo kwesakhiwo ukuba kube lula ukuhamba kwabantu abakhubazekileyo.
18. Uluhlu amanyathelo ukuthobela izakhiwo olunzulu kunye nonikezelo amandla ngezibonelelo iimitha ezisetyenzisiweyo.
19. Uqikelelo iyonke zasekuhlaleni kunye olufanelekileyo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.
20. Namanye amaxwebhu kwiimeko ezizodwa.

data kuyilo lokuqala

Ummeli kwisebe yoyilo kunye umthengi okanye developer esakhiwe sichaza into eklasini nokuntsonkotha, kuxhomekeka kwezi data icwangcisa inani yokuyila amanyathelo. ixesha Ulwakhiwo kuxhomekeke kudidi, ukuntsonkotha yokwakha, ezahlukeneyo izisombululo zobuchwepheshe kunye nobugcisa, ngaphandle yabasebenzi kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo.

Idatha yokuqala ziquka izithintelo kunye nokubalulwa ezibonelelwa yi-Code loCwangciso Urban, umsebenzi ukwakhiwa iimfuno umthengi lowo, izalathisi yayo engundoqo kunye Ipharamitha indleko yokwakha. uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo isabelo zenziwe zaza zamkelwa kudityaniso mali, yomthengi kunye ne ummeli amasebe design jikelele.

amaxwebhu Project for the ukwakhiwa into iqulethe reference zabuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithetho yolwakhiwo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-SNP. iimeko zabo ukuvalelwa jikelele ziyilelwe ukuba ukulungisa nokugqitywa kweemvumelwano. Iindleko zokwakha zibalwa ngokusekelwe imithetho yesizwe kunye nemigangatho. Egameni le site yokwakha iqulethe ulwazi malunga uhlobo lomsebenzi (ngokutsha, ukulungisa, ulwakhiwo), kunye nedilesi yendawo.

Ezi data musa ukutshintsha onke amanqanaba yoyilo, iprojekthi ukusebenza unalo igama elifanayo.

Inani izigaba design, kuxhomekeke kubunzima le into

Ukuntsonkotha ukwakhiwa kuchaphazela ukhetho inani izigaba yoyilo:

• Kuba izakhiwo amaqela yokuqala neyesibini entsonkothileyo yoyilo lwenzeka kwi kwisigaba olunye, ethwele igama "RP" ukusebenza idrafti.
• Izakhiwo balala emqokozweni zifuna uphuhliso uyilo "EP" sengqiqo, izinto imveliso kunye nemicwe zimelwe kwi izibalo yobugcisa noqoqosho "TIC", omabini la maqela kufuneka kubekho nokuyifeza isigaba "RP".
• Ukuze eyeyalo kudidi lwesithathu yokuntsonkotha, iprojekthi iyaphuhliswa nezigaba ezibini - Project "P" nokusebenza amaxwebhu "P".
• izigaba ezithathu ubonelela izakhiwo yesine kunye namaqela yesihlanu nokuntsonkotha iquka kuqala ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokwakha isigaba "EA" okanye "uphando" le, ngoko step "P" yaye "P".

Emva kokuba ivunyiwe yaye zasayinwa ibakala "EP", "TIC", "uphando" yaye "P", baba isiseko izigaba zophuhliso yeprojekthi elandelayo. Ngamanye amaxesha isigaba isigqibo Umtyalimali usenako ukuba interchanged, kwaye inyathelo lokuqala kufuneka ibe uphuhliso "P".

umyili Jikelele kunye umthengi unelungelo lokutshintsha inani izigaba ngokusebenzisa isisombululo ngaso. Kuba uphuhliso amacandelo ngamnye uqikelelo kunye namaxwebhu iprojekthi ingqalelo beqonga onengubo isatifikethi umsebenzi wayo, okanye, kwezinye iimeko, abasebenzi ngaphandle obo bungqina. Bobabini babeka utyikityo zabo phantsi kwecandelo efanelekileyo projekthi, baye ubungqina obunikwe inqaku explanatory, isampuli leyo iqulethe iinkcukacha ezinika ingcaciso. Isitampu lufakwa kwiphepha elingaphambili.

Materials onke amanyathelo eziphuhliswe wadlulisela mali okanye umyili ngokubanzi umbhekisi phambili ngohlobo eendaba yephepha, inani labo iikopi ezine. Ukuba ukwenza le projekthi ababandakanyekayo subproektanty, inani leekopi kwandisa ukuya ezintlanu.

Cwangcisa zemizobo zomsebenzi, apho kufanele ukuba enze imisebenzi kwisiza sokwakha ukuba nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziliqela ezifanayo, ufuduswa quadruplicate ukuya into omnye kuphela, kwaye ezinye ilungiselelwe iiseti ezimbini. Ukuba isakhiwo yahlukile, into yonke isakhiwo okunene uphiwa ngaye iikopi ezine.

izibalo Engineering,, izifundo zoqoqosho esingqongileyo, nguwuphi na ezikwafana nazo kwiseti leyo projekthi, uphando zobunjineli data kwaye iisaveyi zigcinwa kwi umyili jikelele kwaye extradited ngesicelo lomphuhlisi ukusetyenziswa okwethutyana. Kuba loo nto contract equlethe imiqathango yesivumelwano.

Imisebenzi ye izifundo zobunjineli

idatha yesaveyi Engineering afunyenwe ngenxa yokuba uhlobo olulodwa lomsebenzi owenziwa phambi kokuqalisa yoyilo into ukuze aphande iimeko zejoloji kwisiza izakhiwo kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo. wecandelo Siye sifunde iimpawu zomhlaba, isiqulatho sokufuma kunye nobunzulu sicatshulwa wayo, ingumhlaba kubonakele iziganeko ezibi.

Emva kokuba uphando kwenziwa uluvo malunga nokufaneleka zomhlaba kummandla phantsi wolwakhiwo ocwangcisiweyo. Ukuqhuba uphando Geotechnical phakathi ngumthengi kunye umbutho ethile isivumelwano ukuqinisekisa ngokufaneleka zomhlaba. Isiqinisekiso yenza kube lula ukunika uluvo unolwazi on the zeempawu zomhlaba.

Isiseko yomsebenzi survey esemthethweni sikhokelo zolawulo, umzobi ufumana terms of reference emsebenzini, apho wadlulisela isicwangciso site nezobhalo ukwakha elizayo, imvume yokwakha izakhiwo, isicwangciso ukufunyanwa komhlaba kunye nesicwangciso yokwakha indlu. imisebenzi Engineering ziquka:

• neeminerali, yaye ezenziwe ngumntu ulawulo;
• Ku nyikela umthamo umhlaba phantsi iziseko kunye emagumbini isixhobo;
• uvavanyo Critical yethuba womntu-ezenziwe iintlekele, landslides, iinyikima;
• abhale ileta ebhaliweyo echaza imisebenzi ngokhuselo kwiindawo ezinobungozi;
• kuphandwe iinxalenye bendawo eyingqongileyo;
• lwenziwa ukuhlola nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi, zejoloji, uphando cadastral kwi-sikhokelo ulwakhiwo ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa okanye ukususwa kwezakhiwo.

izifundo Engineering olwenziwe apha entsimini elebhu, ijoliswe lihlolisisa imiqathango lokwakha. Ngenxa yoko, le nkcazelo kuvela emva data alungiswa kwesifundo. Uhlahlo lwabiwo kubandakanya lowo yokwakha izifundo zobunjineli malunga 5-15% yeendleko umsebenzi.

Qaphela lencazelo: ukugcwaliswa isampuli

inxalenye yezakhiwo luquka inkcazo yokwakha into indawo zokuhlala ezinkulu isalamane, ubungakanani isahlulo, imilo kunye noqhelwaniso ngecala yokukhanya zibonakalisiwe isitalato ezikufutshane. Inkcazelo isiqabu ibonisa ubushushu iinyanga eqhaqhazelisa kunye ishushu. imvula Ibhalwe, umthwalo ikhephu, i okhoyo oya ngakulo umoya, ubunzulu yovalo bomhlaba, utyani.

Eli candelo lilandelayo - Isicwangciso jikelele - ubonakalise isicwangciso site, izithuba yayo indalo, ukutshatisa ucoceko kunye nemimiselo ucoceko, ukususwa kwendlela kunye nesakhiwo ezikufutshane, indawo yokungena. Le maphu ibonisa Roza Vetrov. Ukuba abonise yonke imimandla isahlulo ezisebenzayo ezifana neendlela, iyadi yentsimbi, indawo ukuphumla edibeneyo, gazebos, iindawo ogangathiweyo, izinto zokwakha, njalo njalo. D. Yandlalwa izityalo gases qho apha imithi kunye namatyholo ezikhoyo.

Inkcazelo yendlu iqala ukuphakama, iinkcazelo wophahla, iindonga kunye nezinye walling eziphathekayo, bonisa uhlobo isakhelo, unxibelelwano nkqo kunye tyaba, ngezinyuko, sisigqibo sokucwangcisa. Ukuphuhlisa izibonelelo enikwe kwi yonke imigangatho eyenzelwe amagumbi kunye nesalathisi ndawo. Ibonisa inani amagalelo kunye nokuphuma isakhiwo, iindlela, esiphuthumayo ngokrolo umlilo.

Ingcaciso amagumbi onke angaphakathi izindlu ngombala, ezoqoqosho ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo ezibonisa udonga, isilingi okanye kumgangatho nesigqubuthelo. Ubudala obunyanzelekileyo bokuhamba igxininisa ngokugcwalisa le window kunye umnyango iminyango.

ekugqibeleni yangaphandle luphawulwa umbandela lokugqibela nje kuphela, kodwa unombombiya umaleko, esi sikhokelo lowo kwindawo yayo, ingqwalasela ihlawulwe cap iphele.

inxalenye lokwakheka ichaza izisombululo skeleton sibala ngokomthamo, ngenxa ngqongqo eziqalelo kuzo kunye nezinto yabonisa izinto eziphathekayo othwala imiqolo.

Xa inkcazo isiseko ngokubekwa nobunzulu iboniswe ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo iindawo, izinto isiseko lomzimba, wazalisa armature. Uchaza izinto umphandle nomphakathi iindonga, uphahla, imigangatho, amaceba.

Ekupheleni kwale amanqaku achazayo emiselweyo eziluncedo isixhobo zonke iintlobo, elikhankanyiweyo izinto lemibhobho, amaqhoshana, inika igama umendo lungiselelo ekhethekileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba abathengi abaninzi nabakhi bezindlu zangasese bagcina imali baze balungise le projekthi ngokuphuhlisa uluhlu olungaphelelanga lwemidwebo kunye nokubala. Kule ndawo yomsebenzi, ukugcinwa kuyabonakala, kodwa izigaba ezilandelayo, ngokukodwa umsebenzi wabakhi kwisayithi, ziya kuba yingxaki yangempela. Ikontraki iya kubuza umnini wemibuzo yesayithi apho umqulunqi kufuneka afune ukuzimela ngokuzimela impendulo okanye ulandele imifanekiso engaphezulu yesibini.