Amalunga ukwandiswa kwemigangatho eyikonkriti: ubuchwepheshe, imithetho kunye nemigaqo

A ngobuwena eziqhelekileyo imigangatho zezakhiwo, izakhiwo kunye Ipeyinti kwiindawo zoshishino kunye namanyathelo olukhulu ngomatshini i umgangatho eziphathekayo. Le nkcazelo apho la macandelo, ngokuxhomekeke shrinkage kwaye ukumelana ephantsi deformation, ukuze iintanda zenzeka. Ukuthintela ulungiso ngokuphindaphindiweyo ziintlanga ngumntu kwi izakheko monolithic. Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda ndibanisela kumgangatho eziphathekayo, sisezindongeni zezakhiwo, nophahla, kwo.

Yintoni injongo yawo?

Umgangatho eziphathekayo ubonakala ukwakha isiseko esomeleleyo ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwempembelelo lotshintsho iqondo lobushushu, inkqubo shrinkage, umoya ukufuma, imithwalo zokusebenza, zokuhlala lomhlaba ezilahlekileyo ingqibelelo yayo - iqala ukuzivula.

Ukuze azise iqondo luthambe ngesakhiwo kwesakhiwo, ukudala ukwanda ezitho kwemigangatho eyikonkriti. SNiP2.03.13-88 Isibonelelo apho kwaye ziqulathe ulwazi malunga iimfuno uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo lwe imigangatho ebonisa discontinuity eyimfuneko isixhobo screed, umaleko engaphantsi okanye ukutyabeka, enika ukubana usisizalwane izabelo ezahlukeneyo.

iimpawu ezingundoqo:

• Ukunciphisa deformation ngesiquphe ngokwahlula ipleyiti monolithic ukuba inani elithile amakhadi.
• Ukukwazi ukuthintela imali kunye nokutshintshwa maholo ingubo isiseko.
• Ukunyuka ukumelana imithwalo ezinamandla.
• Ukunika iyahlala basis eyakhayo.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo: omhlophe elana

Amalunga Ukwanda e kwemigangatho eyikonkriti, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo wabo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: yokugquma, ukwakhiwa kunye nciphisa.

ukusikwa zokuvala Senziwe isiphambuka iziqalelo noshowo egumbini. Oko kukuthi, lukwa umthungo oluphakathi phakathi kweendonga, iziseko izixhobo, imiqolo kunye nemigangatho. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ukuphepha iintanda shrinkage ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi kwiindawo ilingane izinto ezithe tye kunye nkqo egumbini. Ukuba ngoyaba noku kunyanisa, le screed lome kwaye nokuphungulwa umthamo kunye okubambelela engqongqo eludongeni, umzekelo, mhlawumbi uya ukuzivula.

Ngasezindongeni, imihlathi kunye neendawo apho umgangatho njengekonkile erhangqwe ezinye iintlobo zeenqwelwana, ibiyenza joint ubushushu. ntsika ke kufuphi nokuhlangana kwayo, isikwe ubuso non-engumzekelo ilungu columnar, ukuze phezu kwemiqadi eyayixhaswa ziintsika kwikona accounted cut ngqo.

ifomu ebheka komphetho ezaliswe zokwambathisa izinto ukwazi ukuvumela intshukumo oxwesileyo kwaye nkqo kwisalamane coupler ukuya isiseko, iikholam neendonga. komphetho ububanzi kuxhomekeke ukwanda yomgama le screed kwaye imalunga-13 mm.

Iintlobo eziphambili: nciphisa komphetho

Ukuba amalungu yokugquma ukuthintela deformation kule ikhonkrithi ngakumbi iindawo zoqhagamshelwano zayo neendonga, ngoko sofinyela ukucuthwa ziyimfuneko ukukhusela nokuqhekeka umbhodamo ngekonkriti phezu lonke komhlaba. Oko kukuthi ukuthintela umonakalo obangelwe shrinkage lo mbandela. Njengoko iyoma eziphathekayo phantsi, kuyabonakala ngaphakathi ombane eyenziwe yokuqaqadeka nwebu eliphezulu.

Izixhobo lokwanda ezitho kwemigangatho eyikonkriti yale hlobo lwenzeka ngaphaya nezamazembe lwemihlathi, apho wazibandakanya amacandelo kunye iikona phezu ezivuzayo ongaphandle kwebala. Ikhadi ukuba yinxalenye screed, umda macala onke nciphisa amalungu kufuneka isikwere, ufanele akuphephe L-okwe kunye evuthelweyo eziziingxande iifom zabo. Imisebenzi zenziwa omabini ngexesha kungekabekwa ezinokwakheka ngoncedo ekwakuphilwa iintonga kunye namalungu yangaphakathi emva omiswe screed.

Amathuba ngokuhlaziya umlinganiselo ngqo ubungakanani kwimaphu. Le isithuba ngaphantsi umgangatho, limited amalungu shrinkage, kunye namathuba okuba ngenene nokuqhekeka yinto encinci. uhlobo sifo imizila etsolo igqubuthelayo, ngoko ukuze breaks eziphathekayo kwiindawo ezifana kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusika sutures nciphisa uhlobo.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo: joint noshowo

Le ukhuselo imigangatho jointless lwenziwe xa uphazamiseko zeteknoloji. Le Okungumahluko egumbini indawo encinane fill kunye kuhlale eziphathekayo. Ukwandiswa elidityanelweyo kwemigangatho eyikonkriti udidi constructional uyagawulwa kwi amalungu ubuhlobo ezenziwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. ekupheleni Ifomu of a compound enjalo idaliwe yi uhlobo "iva-emseleni". Iimpawu zokhuseleko noshowo:

• Le umthungo yahlulahlulwe kumgama m 1.5 ngokunxuseneyo kwezinye iintlobo deformation umahluko.
• Kubhaliwe wadala kuphela xa ngokubekwa ikhonkrithi ngamaxesha angafaniyo.
• eziphelweni fom kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela "ulwimi kunye emseleni".
• Kuba Ebubanzini screed kwi-20 cm, kwecone yi degrees 30 kwicala emaweni ngamaplanga. Kuvunyelwa ukuba basebenzise izixhobo yesinyithi.
• Cone ezivuzayo ukukhusela screed evela shifts ezincinane tye.

Amalunga ukwandiswa kwemigangatho eyikonkriti izakhiwo zoshishino

Ukwanda iimfuno ukumelana banxibe ngenxa imigangatho ezibekwe ngayo mveliso, izitora, kunye nezinye izibonelelo mveliso. Oku kungenxa imbonakalo ubunzulu ezahlukeneyo impembelelo amanyathelo ngoomatshini (ukuhamba kwezithuthi, abahambi ngeenyawo, ukonakalisa izinto nzima kuwa) kunye ukungena kangangoko ulwelo emgangathweni.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi osemqoka zolwakhiwo a screed umgangatho kunye inshorensi. Kodwa phantsi screed yi umaleko engundoqo, nto leyo kwinguqulelo ngqwabalala wabeka eziphathekayo. Uthe wagawulwa kumacala ngokufanayo nkqo ngokusebenzisa umthungo ka 6-12 m, 40 mm ubunzulu ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 1/3 Ebubanzini umaleko engundoqo (SNP 2.03.13-88). imfuneko olugunyazisiweyo - kwehla ubunzima emgangathweni nokuhlangana kwayo, kunye izithuba zokhuseleko olufanayo weso sakhiwo.

A isici esasenza izakhiwo ukutyibilika kwizakhiwo zoshishino kukubonelela umaleko phezulu eziphathekayo. Kuxhomekeka ubunzulu amanyathelo ngomatshini ezahlukeneyo ukutyabeka design ubukhulu. Ekubeni esinobukhulu-50 mm okanye ukwandiswa ngaphezulu ezitho kwemigangatho eyikonkriti (SNP "imigangatho" p.8.2.7) wadalelwa ezinqamlezayo kunye nolwalathiso longitudinal phindwa izinto 3-6 m. Res wabona 3-5 mm, ubunzulu yawo ngaphantsi kwe-40 mm okanye isinye kwisithathu ubukhulu ukutyabeka.

Iimfuneko ngokudala imigangatho yokhuseleko deformation

propyl ikhonkrithi kufuneka kwenziwe mgawuli ngeentsuku ezimbini lukhuni. Ubunzulu ukucuthwa ngokungqinelana nemigangatho ka 1/3 Ububanzi eziphathekayo. Umaleko esisiseko inokuba ezindaweni Kuthiwa iinyembezi phambi agalele eziphathekayo isicelo abasuke ukuphathwa adhesion anti, emva ukuqaqadeka zokufunda zisusiwe yaye ngenxa yoko lufumaneka ezivuzayo zokuzikhusela.

Kwezona ziseza ntsi iindawo ezi ntsika neendonga ukuya ukuphakama ukutyabeka ububanzi elizayo kufuneka Cola liqengqiwe izinto kwiphepha ngamanzi okanye polyethylene foamed. Kwezo ndawo apho projekthi inika amalungu nokwandiswa kwemigangatho eyikonkriti. ubuchwepheshe iqala ngetshokhwe yokumakisha umlawuli kubeka iinyembezi ngumntu.

Isalathisi esifike ukusika test weld: Ukuba lokubolekwa okuziinkozo musa kuwa ngaphandle eziphathekayo, yaye zisikwe lo mgawuli likhaba, ngoko ke indalo amalungu ukwanda zichanekile.

Uqwalaselo sutures

eqhelekileyo yokusebenza joint iyazalisekiswa ngendlela uphawu wayo. Uphawu amalungu ukwandiswa kwemigangatho eyikonkriti iyaphunyezwa usebenzisa izinto ezilandelayo:

• Waterstop - isiqwenga profiled eyenziwe irabha, polyethylene okanye PVC, ibeka ngexesha ngokugalela screed eziphathekayo;
• Uphawu intambo ipholiyesta foamed iyafakwa slot, kwaye xa amathontsi ubushushu igcina luthambe, sivumele izithuthi ekhuselekileyo yabahambi eziphathekayo;
• Acrylic, lyu, latex zemastic;
• Lo mzobo deformation equka irabha kunye metal neentsimbi. Ingaba ibandakanyiwe okanye phezulu.

Phambi uphawu kwindawo osebenzela kwezikhewu kufuneka zicocwe kwaye kucanyagushelwa umoya zixinaniswe (a isiguquli). Kwakhona, ukuba andise ubomi inkonzo kwemigangatho eyikonkriti enqwenelekayo lukhuni umaleko phezulu nedama okanye izinto lyu.

iimeko zendalo

Amalunga ukwandiswa kwemigangatho eyikonkriti (monolithic) uba inyanzelekile phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

1. indawo Screed zizonke ngentla 40 m2.
2. uqwalaselo floor xaka.
3. Ukusebenza phantsi nesigubungelo kwiqondo lobushushu ephakamileyo.
4. Ubude iimbambo (nje enye) lobume yomgangatho ngaphezulu kwe-8 m.

Amalunga ukwandiswa kwemigangatho eyikonkriti: imithetho

Elokuqukumbela, banikwe iimfuno izikhewu zokhuseleko isixhobo kwemigangatho eyikonkriti ngokungqinelana nemigangatho.

Underlayment kufuneka babe cuts deformation aa Incopho na omnye komnye kunye isandi kweemitha ezi-6 ukuya ku-12. Le umthungo iqhuba ubunzulu-4 cm kunye Ebubanzini isahlulo sesithathu egangathiweyo eziphathekayo okanye underlayment.

Xa Ebubanzini ukutyabeka eziphathekayo-50 mm okanye ngaphezulu ukwandiswa joint wadalelwa ezinqamlezayo kunye nolwalathiso longitudinal phindwa yonke m 3-6. Ezi ntlanga zimelwe ukuba zingqamane beentanda of Iizilebhu floor, nezamazembe kwiikholam, zikhewu deformation kule nwebu ngxabano. Ukucanda ububanzi 3-5 mm.

Propyl wenziwe iintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba nokubekwa eziphathekayo. Uphawu amanxeba ukhuseleko kwenziwa iintambo ezizodwa sealants.