Alpha-adrenergic agonists: inkcazelo, isicelo, isimiso

Agonists liqela iziyobisi, ngenxa yazo inxulunyaniswa ukukhuthazwa receptors adrenergic elime kule enyama yangaphakathi, kunye neendonga nemithambo. Zonke receptors adrenergic bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela ngokuxhomekeke indawo, iziphumo kuboniswana, kunye nokukwazi layo ukwenza izakhiwo kunye izinto esebenzayo. Alpha-agonists inkanuko ukusebenza ngomhla receptors Alpha-adrenergic, ebangela impendulo ethile yomzimba.

Yintoni i receptors alpha-adrenergic

A1-adrenoceptors akhiwe kwi inwebu kumphezulu weseli kwi synapse ukuphendula norepinephrine, leyo ekhutshwa kwalapho zemithambo-luvo postganglionic kwenkqubo novelwano luvo. Yenzelwe ukuba i imithambo abanjalo encinane. receptor nqgo ebangela vasospasm, lwegazi, kuncitshiswa permeability kodonga esimbaxa, ukunciphisa kubonakaliswa reactions ukudumba emzimbeni.

A ezenza 2-adrenergic ibekwe ngaphandle leesynapse kwiseli ndizayo presynaptic. Basabela njani inyathelo noradrenaline kunye adrenaline. receptor nqgo ubangela ngovukelo, apho kuboniswa hypotension kunye nokuphumla nemithambo.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga adrenomimetikami

Alpha- beta-agonists, enxulumene ngokuzimeleyo ngovakalelo kubo receptors kwaye ukuba nefuthe adrenaline okanye impembelelo noradrenaline, ngokuba ngesenzo ngqo.

Isiphumo yempembelelo iziyobisi Inokwenzeka kunye nesiphumo ngqo esizibonakalisa yi isizukulwana ukukhuthazwa neurotransmitters zakhe, kuthintela ukuthotywa kwabo, kwandisa lwee- kwalapho.

Adrenoceptor agonists babelwa kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

• ukusilela intliziyo, hypotension kakhulu, ukuwa, ukothuka, zokuma;
• isifuba, bronchospasm;
• uxinzelelo intraocular buyobe;
• izifo yokukrala inwebu kwiinwebu amehlo kunye nempumlo;
• coma hypoglycemic;
• Ukubulawa lendawo.

agonists Alpha-adrenergic

iziyobisi iqela iquka uyakhetha (omele omnye uhlobo receptor) kunye non-uyakhetha (A1 excitation kunye A2-receptors) ithetha. Non-ikhetha udibaniso lwe-agonists ezingeniswe ngqo noradrenaline, umdla kunye nokwenza kwi beta-receptor.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, echaphazela A1 receptor - amayeza anti-Njengokungeniswa ezakusetyenziswa ukwehla okukhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ingasetyenziswa ngokwemixholo, ibangela constriction le arterioles ukuba ukunyanga iglaucoma agalelwa okanye sisebenzayo nokuthimliswa komzimba. Ayaziwa iziyobisi Group:

• "Midodrin";
• "Mezaton";
• "Etilefrin".

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, ochaphazela A2 receptor, eyaziwa ngakumbi ubunzima jikelele yabemi ngenxa isicelo yayo iphela. abameli Top - "Xylometazoline," "Nazol", "Sanorin", "Visine". Isetyenziswa kunyango lwezifo yokukrala iliso kunye nempumlo (conjunctivitis, nokuthimliswa, sinusitis).

Amachiza aziwa isiphumo yabo vasoconstrictor, nto leyo ephelisa ingxinano ngeempumlo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kufuneka uthathe indawo kuphela phantsi kweliso oyingcali, ukwamkelwa gama nkomoni kunokubangela uphuhliso uzinzo iziyobisi kunye mucosal yome.

abantwana abaselula utyumbe izinto eziqulathe agonists Alpha-adrenergic. Iziyobisi kulo mzekelo abe xiyimiso esezantsi into esebenzayo. Le fom inye isetyenziswa kunyango abantu abanengxaki seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, excitatory A2-receptors, yaye ziquka arhente kundlunkulu njengababambeleyo ( "methyldopa", "Clonidine", "Katapresan"). isiphumo yabo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukusebenza iqinile;
• lehla izinga intliziyo;
• loo meko;
• ntlungu minor;
• kuncitshiswa secretion of lacrimal kunye amathe namadlala;
• kuncitshiswa secretion yamanzi emathunjini amancinci.

"Mezaton"

Ukulungiselela esekelwe phenylephrine hydrochloride, ebangela noxinzelelo lwegazi. isicelo sayo kufuna Umthamo ngokuchaneke ukuncipha reflex kunokwenzeka izinga intliziyo. "Mezaton" kwandisa uxinzelelo ngobunono xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iziyobisi, kodwa isiphumo eside.

Iimpawu uthetha:

• hypotension, nciphisa;
• ukulungiselela utyando;
• vasomotor nokuthimliswa ;
• Ukubulawa bendawo;
• ubuthi etiologies ezahlukeneyo.

Imfuneko yokuba iziphumo ngokukhawuleza ifuna ulawulo efakwa. Ichiza kwakhona lesitofu esihlunwini, kwesikhumba, intranasally.

"Xylometazoline"

Ichiza Ngokuba negama elifanayo impahla esebenzayo, inxalenye "galazolin" "Otrivin" "ksimelin" "Dlyanosa". Kusetyenziswa unyango ngezihloko nokuthimliswa etsolo ezasulelayo, sinusitis, hay fever, amajelo otitis, ukulungiselela iinkqubo zokusebenza okanye lokubhaqa iingxaki lweHo- ngeempumlo.

Oveliswa ngokohlobo zokutshiza, amachaphaza kunye izicelo ngeempumlo gel. Isitshizi ukuba abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Yiba Lumkela oqeshwe kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

• angina;
• zisanyisa;
• abanale;
• hyperplasia prostatic;
• diabetes;
• ukukhulelwa.

"Clonidine"

Ichiza i agonists Alpha-adrenoceptor. Indlela yokusebenza "clonidine" isekelwe phezu excitation of receptors A2-adrenergic, kukhokelela kukuba kubekho ukuncipha uxinzelelo, uphuhliso iintlungu amancinane kunye umthomalalisi.

Luphawu esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo lwegazi, ntlekele unesifo, ukuze bawubuyise ukuhlasela neglaucoma zidityaniswe namanye amachiza kuba unyango lwe likhoboka neziyobisi kunye notywala.

"Clonidine" sele contraindicated ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa kwimeko gestosis kakhulu kwi zigaba kamva, xa isibonelelo ukuya unina zinkulu kakhulu umngcipheko nobungozi ndingekazalwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ngeedosi ezincinane isiyobisi zidityaniswe namanye amachiza.

"Visine"

iziyobisi Vasoconstrictor tetryzoline esekelwe kusetyenziswa zamehlo. Phantsi impembelelo yayo kwenzeka mydriasis, ukuncitshiswa nokudumba conjunctival, yehlisa ekuvelisweni kolwelo intraocular. Oku isetyenziswa kunyango conjunctivitis komzimba, ngesenzo ngomatshini, ngokwasemzimbeni okanye lwemichiza arhente zasemzini kwi iinkophe yangaphakathi.

agonists alpha libanda

Libanda, kubonakala utshintsho gqolo eziphawula imiphumo alpha-agonists. Isigulana ochaphazelekayo uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukwanda izinga intliziyo ukuphazamiseka isingqisho. Ngeli xesha oku kunokwenzeka uphuhliso kokubetha okanye nokudumba miphungeni.

Unyango overdosing kukuba ukusebenzisa ezi maqela alandelayo kwamachiza:

1. sympatholytic neuropathy ukuphazamisa ukosuleleka neemvakalelo-luvo kwi kwimida nakwinkqubo luvo. izinga intliziyo Ngaloo ndlela, uxinzelelo kwanciphisa uhle kunye nokumelana neuropathy.
2. abamelene calcium ejoliswe ethintela ukuhamba ion calcium kungena iiseli. umsipha wentliziyo kunciphisa imfuno ioksijini, kunciphise contractility iphucula kuthanjiswa ngexesha diastole, iyanda maxa onke amaqela imithambo.
3. iziyobisi Myotropic ukukhuthaza ukuthanjiswa izihlunu agudileyo, kuquka izihlunu kunye nodonga nemithambo.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, ukusetyenziswa apho kukho iqela elikhulu ngabakufundileyo, zifuna ukhetho ngononophelo umthamo, esweni electrocardiogram, uxinzelelo lwegazi, igazi neuropathy.