Akukho imfundiso impi hayi obububo

Ingxabano - impi khona phakathi kwabantu, xa isigqibo imiba ethile kubomi bentlalo okanye zobuqu.

Igama elithi "ungquzulwano" livela kwisiLatini, elithetha "kwenzeke ingozi". ungquzulwano Social - a abanawo.

Imfundiso jikelele zongquzulwano

Ngokwemibandela anikezele iindlela ezimbini ukuya nkcazo:

1. Lugxininisa kwi intshukumo yangoku.

2. Sijolise iintshukumisa amanyathelo.

Kuba abalandeli indlela yokuqala bangathathelwa ingqalelo yi R. Mack, R. Snyder, leyo ukunika inkcazelo emxinwa noko, kuqwalaselwa ungquzulwano kuphela intsebenziswano lwentlalo phakathi kwamalungu ayo, okuye iimbono kunye nemilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kule ubutshaba, ukhuphiswano, ukuphikisana, njl Baya wawaphatha njengemithombo ungquzulwano.

Ummeli indlela yesibini yi Dahrendorf, ngubani ngamandla wayigatya indlela emxinwa enjalo. Ukholelwa ukuba ungquzulwano kufuneka sibandakanye States kwengqondo kunye neentlobo-ntlobo ingozi.

A igalelo elibalulekileyo kwithiyori ungquzulwano efunyenwe uKarl Marx. Waba ingcamango ungquzulwano, kwakunye kumzekelo oqulunqwe ukuphikisana phakathi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo kuluntu. UKarl Marx igqalwa wabaseki kwithiyori zongquzulwano.

Ukususela imfundiso dialectical kuthetha ezi ziphakamiso zilandelayo:

1. Ezi zibonelelo zisasazwa ngokulinganayo, kokukhona enixabana phakathi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni.

2. I ngcono abangaphantsi banolwazi nezilangazelelo zabo, yokuthandabuza ngakumbi ezinambuzelayo nabo malunga nolwabiwo loovimba.

3. Okukhona umsantsa phakathi lisalawula amaqela ezentlalo nabangamakhoboka, kokukhona kuya kuba ungquzulwano.

4. Impixano enogonyamelo, kokukhona kukho ngokutsha kwezibonelelo.

Kukho ingcamango yongquzulwano Georg Simmel, njengoko leyo uba sezintlungwini kwaye akunakwenzeka ukunqanda ungquzulwano eluntwini. Ukuba Marx wathabatha njengesiseko "ukubalasela - ngaphantsi 'ukuba Simmel - iinkqubo ze dissociation kunye nonxulumano, nokunikezela uluntu neenkqubo njenge engenakususwa. Umthombo ungquzulwano, wabiza hhayi kuphela wengxabano umdla, kodwa kubonisa ubutshaba, sabhambathisa buqu ekuqaleni. Simmel umahluko uthando kunye nentiyo njengoko izinto kakhulu eziphembelela ungquzulwano. theses enokwahlulwa kwiimfundiso zakhe;

1. Iimvakalelo ngaphezulu kumaqela uluntu abathatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano, kokukhona kukho ukungavisisani.

2. Amaqela zihlelwe kakuhle ngokwabo, ukuphikisana yondele.

3. I-bethana unamandla, ayanda ukubumbana ye-nxaxheba.

4. Ungquzulwano kwenzeka yondele kakhulu kwi qela kunjalo ababandakanyekayo kuyo, ilolo kangako.

5. Conflict yondele kakhulu xa iba esiphelweni ngokwayo, ukuba uye ngaphaya umdla ngamnye.

Imfundiso ingxabano Ralf Dahrendorf uvavanya longquzulwano kwi iqela elincinane, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, yahlukanisa ngokucacileyo indima kunye nobume.

Izicatshulwa Dahrendorf theory:

1. ICandelwana le-Amaqela ngaphezulu entlanganweni banolwazi nezilangazelelo zabo, ukuba nokwenzeka ungquzulwano.

2. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa imivuzo athunyelwa kwabasemagunyeni, i libukhali le ntswela.

3. Ukuba ukuhamba phakathi abangaphantsi kunye nokukhokela ezincinane, libukhali ungquzulwano;

4. Ukudinwa ukwanda abangaphantsi kukhule impixano.

5. I ezincinane isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela, kwingcinezelo ubundlobongela.

6. I libukhali ingxabano, utshintsho kokukhona kuya kubangela, kunye nezinga labo liya kuba ngaphezulu.

Imfundiso ungquzulwano lwentlalo, L. Coser yeyona kakhulu. Oku kulandela ukuba ukungalingani kwezentlalo okhoyo kuyo nayiphi na kuluntu, amalungu ukunganeliseki ngokwasengqondweni oluntu, kwakugquba phakathi kwabantu kunye namaqela - konke oku kungentla, ngenxa yoko, uya ungquzulwano lwentlalo. Imeko efanayo linokuchazwa njengoko imeko ntshikilelo phakathi imeko yokwenene imicimbi kwaye okwangoku, njengoko amaqela asekuhlaleni zimelwe okanye ngabanye. ungquzulwano Social - umzabalazo imilinganiselo, ubume, ilifa kwezibonelelo amandla, apho iqela yokungenelela okanye ukutshabalalisa umdlali welinye icala.

Ekuhlalutyeni theory ungquzulwano lwentlalo ecela izigqibo zilandelayo:

1. Ingxabano - ukungavisisani kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi libeyise.

2. Okhuphisana njenge uhlobo olulodwa ngxabano nga ikhatshwe impixano, okanye mhlawumbi, kodwa ke iintlobo umzabalazo esetyenziswa yi umthetho wokuziphatha.

3. Ubutshaba uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye sihambe ngendlela ungquzulwano.

4. Ukhuphiswano - uhlobo ngoxolo usukuzwano.

5. Baphathwa uyazimisela ngxabano, ufakelo lwangaphakathi akusoloko ekhona.

6. Le ntlekele - nemeko inkqubo, kodwa akusoloko landulelwa imbambano.

Kodwa akukho namnye theory ngasentla engamelanga ithathwe njenge ngokupheleleyo okanye jikelele.