Yintoni umlinganiselo anti-inkunkuma? Anti-ukulahla amanyathelo uMthetho 44 we-Federal yomthetho Russian Federation

Le ukulwa ukulahlwa kwempahla karhulumente entsha, yaye, njengoko kusenziwa ngoku hayi bonke abathathi-nxaxheba aba, wazi scheme imvumelwano indlela yokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezithile imithetho ethile. Ngokukodwa, oosomashishini abaninzi abazi Nomlinganiso anti-inkunkuma njengoko isetyenziswa ibe ziziphi izizathu.

Yintoni na?

Ukulahla theory lwezoqoqosho intengiso yempahla ngamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu ezaye understated ngokuzenzela. Isilinganiso anti-inkunkuma ukuze isetyenziswe kwisithuba apho izinga igumbi usezantsi kakhulu ngaphezu emarikeni, kodwa akukho isizathu kwezoqoqosho. Kwezinye iimeko, loo Izithetha kuyafikelelwa ukuba ixabiso lokugqibela ngezantsi iindleko kwenkonzo ethile okanye imveliso.

Ngo-maxabiso zoluntu umlinganiselo anti-inkunkuma zingasetyenziswa xa kunokwenzeka ukuba umthengisi ufuna ukungena imarike iimfuno zokuthengwa zelizwe kwaye kuchithwe kontanga yayo ngendlela embi. Ngokukodwa, lisetyenziswa xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ekuphelisweni isivumelwano kunye nomthengisi kuba kakhulu lihlisa ixabiso ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwithenda.

Ingxaki kwalahlwa kuyo yandiswa kakhulu ngexesha iithenda evulekileyo zikwifomathi yekhompyutha. Suppliers kuzo zonke iingingqi Russia wafumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba ifandesi, ngoko waqalisa ukunikela amaxabiso ngezantsi-emarikeni. Maxa wambi kukho iimeko apho amalungu NMC lancipha ukuya zero, yaye emva koko baba ithenda sokwanda kwamanani.

Kutheni kufuneka?

Isilinganiso anti-inkunkuma isetyenziselwa ngenxa yokuba imiphumo ngokuzenzela yandisa amaxabiso inokuba kakhulu kakhulu, ezizezi:

• xa bebhala izibophelelo contract ekugqibeleni awenziwanga. Ngokufuthi kwenzeka ukuba emva kokuba ukuncitshiswa ngokungenabulungisa le NMC kunye nokubhalwa zabathengisi ikhontrakthi baqala ukuqonda ukuba abakwazi ukunikezela iinkonzo okanye iimpahla yonikezelo ekuqaleni iindleko ecetywayo.
• Ukwenziwa nayiphi na imisebenzi, ubonelelo kwezinto okanye iinkonzo akumelanga kunga umgangatho. Oku ngokuyintloko libhekisela norhwebo kwi unikezelo eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo, emva koko abaphumelele ukhuphiswano baqala ukunikeza impahla kukulibala okanye ezineziphene ngenjongo eyodwa - ukuhlangabeza iindleko ecetywayo.
• Le mvumelwano iya kupheliswa enkundleni.
• Kufuneka ukuba bachithe ixesha ukuqhuba ukuphinda-maxabiso.

Ukuqaliswa ukulungiswa imithetho ekhoyo kummandla maxabiso kamasipala kunye karhulumente yenzelwe ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ngokukodwa, anti-inkunkuma of 44-FL zaqaliswa ezisetyenziswa ngexesha ngogqatso ezahlukeneyo kunye yemnyama.Iifandesi. Esi sibonelelo kuMgaqo kwinqaku yama-37 yomthetho yangoku inkqubo ikhontrakthi. amanyathelo Anti-inkunkuma nge 44-FZ ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa ekuthengweni ngayo nayiphi na indlela, yaye kulo mzekelo, umthengisi unelungelo lokuba ubhale isikhalazo ukuba enze njalo ngumthengi.

Ntoni na ke?

Ukuba NMC kwesivumelwano ingaphantsi kwezigidi ezili-15 engange, kodwa ezikhulu ibonelela ixabiso, nto leyo lingaphantsi wathi ngaphezu kwama-25%, apho iya kukhupha ukunyanzeliswa imvumelwano, ekufuneka babe amaxesha enye enesiqingatha ubungakanani kubonisiwe kuxwebhu, okanye avelise naluphi na ulwazi olunokuba ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yayo.

Ukuba NMC ungaphezulu koku mali, ithatha inxaxheba onikela iindleko Lower ngaphezu kwe-25% ngaphezu wathi, ngoko, njengoko kucacisiwe kwi-Federal Umthetho 44-FZ, kulo mzekelo, akukho lwazi malunga ukholo olungileyo asifuneki, yaye oko kuya kuba kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukunika ukhuseleko.

Luhlobo luni lolwazi?

Kaninzi, i bidders akanako ukunika ukhuseleko, ngokunxulumene ngayo umthetho inika ithuba ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo. Ezo nkcukacha ziquka iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, equka i-inventri kwezivumelwano, ngokunjalo engqina ukuba inkampani uzalisekisa izibophelelo zalo phantsi kwezivumelwano. Ngokukodwa, i-Federal Umthetho 44-FZ unika ithuba lokuba likhuphe le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

• Ebudeni beminyaka phambi komhla isicelo inxaxheba kwithenda le nkampani yenza izivumelwano ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ngelo xesha linye lwenziwa ngaphandle kwisicelo naziphi na izohlwayo ngokunxulumene lowo uthatha inxaxheba.
• Ukuba umnikezeli aliyi kwamkela phambi ekuthengweni kamasipala okanye loluntu kulo nyaka phambi komhla yokufayilisha, ingaba naluphi na ulwazi olunokuba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza izibophelelo zayo abane okanye ngaphezulu iimvumelwano iminyaka emibini, kodwa ngaphezulu 75% kubo ukuba wabulawa ngaphandle kokuba phantsi izohlwayo kunye nezohlwayo.
• Kule minyaka mithathu ezandulela yokufayilisha umthengisi yesicelo wenza izivumelwano ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ngexesha elinye oko kuye isicelo naziphi na izohlwayo okanye izohlwayo.

Inye kuphela Kubalulekile ukuphawula - kwiimeko ezinjalo, ixabiso lesivumelwano ngasinye kufuneka ubuncinane ama-20% evela kuloo apho umthengisi iceba ukuba ukugqiba isivumelwano. Umzekelo, ukuba isivumelwano zaqukunjelwa ngexabiso 100 million engange, ngoko ke nxaxheba kufuneka banikwe ulwazi malunga sokuba kwixesha elidlulileyo, wenza inani elithile izivumelwano, kwaye ubuncinane omnye wabo waba ixabiso elingekho ngaphantsi kwe million 20.

Kodwa ke, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, ukuba NMC ingaphezulu kwe-15 lezigidi engange, yaye iqela elinye imema iindleko contract nge-25% ngaphantsi wathi, ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye ngohlobo isiqinisekiso ukholo ezilungileyo naziphi na iinkcukacha, kwaye nayiphi na imeko kufuneka ukuba ube ukunika unyanzeliso olongeziweyo nezibophelelo zawo.

Indlela ukunika olu lwazi?

IKhomishoni ukwenza wokuthenga, ingalukhaba nasiphi na isicelo ukuba ingcaciso iya imbala. Isigqibo ukwala naziphi na izicelo abhalwe ngokuyimfuneko kwimizuzu, kunye yezizathu ezithile, ngoko ke ulwazi kwaziswa ukuthengwa-nxaxheba ufake isicelo ubuninzi ngosuku olunye zokusebenza emva komhla kokusayina protocol.

Ukuba nenxaxheba ekulungiseleleni bid yeethenda akasayi wabonisa naluphi na ulwazi olunokuba ukuqinisekisa imfezeko yayo, ngoko ke phezulu umzobo kwesivumelwano kunye naye kuphela emva kokuba ukhuseleko enikiweyo. Namhlanje, la manyathelo anti-inkunkuma kwi-Customs Union zisetyenziswa phantse zonke iinketho zokuthenga.

abathengi abaninzi abazi ukuba kufuneka ukuba pre-ubhalise kwi amaxwebhu efkunyeesi, ukuba umniki ufuna ukunciphisa iindleko kwesivumelwano ngaphezu kwama-25%, liphathisa kuso semsebenzini ukwenzela ukunika izizathu yentengo. Enyanisweni, kumniki, olu xanduva siwiswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko ngokuhambelana nomthetho osebenzayo, kwaye ukuba uMthengi wada wachaza iimfuno afanelekileyo namaxwebhu ethenda kuba banelungelo lokufuna ukuba substantiation kunye kubalwe le xabiso. Kwakhona kufuna amaxwebhu ayimfuneko, okanye ukwala isicelo naliphi iqela xa kuthe ngabikho. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, ukuba uphephe nayiphi na impikiswano, kuhle ukulungiselela bonke kwangaphambili echaziweyo kwi usebenziso ngamaxwebhu imeko kunye namatyala izifundo.

ukhuphiswano

Ukuba inkampani uza ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano, kukowuphi umzekelo apho uya kunika yonke ingcaciso efanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa isicelo. Ukuziqhelisa, kukhangeleka ngathi ukuba umboneleli emva familiarization onke amaxwebhu ithenda nokubalwa ukuba inganikeza ngexabiso eliphantsi wokulima, umzekelo, 30% kufuneka babe yinxalenye bid tender ukunika amaxwebhu ezithile luzinziseni ukholo lwakhe okulungileyo, ngokuhambelana uluhlu lwe ezivunyiweyo emva kokuba ukuqaliswa kwamanyathelo anti-inkunkuma ukuba yenziwe.

Kokufumana isicelo, umthengi kufuneka uqinisekise ukuchaneka kweenkcukacha-nxaxheba bona fide kwi lobhaliso iikhontrakthi, oko kukuthi, ubone:

• ubukho izivumelwano ezithile;
• ukuthobela indleko ixabiso elichaziweyo;
• kungekho naziphi na izohlwayo, izohlwayo kunye nezinye nezohlwayo eyabelwe ngenxa uphumezo ngokungafanelekanga yezibophelelo phantsi ukuyilwa kweekhontrakthi.

esidlangalaleni

Kwimeko inxaxheba kwinkampani efandesini ukuba kufanele zinike ubungqina ukholo okulungileyo, kwicala ngumthengi ukuya kokusayina isivumelwano soyilo.

Ukusetyenziswa yamanyathelo ezizodwa anti-inkunkuma unika ukunyanzeliswa contract yi liqela lo isivumelwano kukuthi, de isiphelo sayo. Ukuba umthengisi wasilela ukuzalisekisa le mfuneko, kubhaliwe njenge bias ukususela ekubhalweni kwesivumelwano, emva koko ecaleni yenziwa lo protocol esemthethweni, wabekwa kwinkqubo ulwazi enye.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba ingcaciso enikezwa yi-nxaxheba, iKhomishoni iyakuqonda ababuxoki, kukowuphi umzekelo apho ayikwazi asayine isivumelwano, waza ke, kwakhona, iye zabaleka ekwenzeni isivumelwano. Kulo meko, isigqibo sekomiti kwi kweethenda, kufuneka kwakhona ukuba babulawe lo protocol efanelekileyo, ifakwe kwinkqubo ulwazi owodwa kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo nxaxheba ngamnye kwisithuba imini enye zomsebenzi emva komhla kokusayina protocol.

Iimpawu ze isicelo

Ngokuhambelana ne Art. 37, amanyathelo okulwa-inkunkuma zisetyenziswe ngendlela ethile kwinkqubo yokwenza zokuthenga ezizodwa. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziquka intlangano amakhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo apho amagcisa yande ukuba uphando kunye nophuhliso, uphando zobugcisa okanye yenzululwazi, kwakunye nokubonelela uthethwano ezahlukeneyo.

Ekuqhubeni imisebenzi enjalo umthengi unelungelo yokucacisa kuxwebhu zeethenda amaxabiso ezahlukahlukeneyo iikhrayitheriya kwizicelo ekuhloleni, ukuba ilungu ufuna isicelo iindleko, nto leyo lingaphantsi lowu-25%.

Ukuba ixabiso bid ngezantsi malunga NMC contract ngaphezu kwama-25%, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa anti-kugadwe kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ixabiso ukubaluleka kwale njengenqobo umiselwe kulingana ne-10% yenani lilonke zonke ezi inkqubo yovavanyo ukufaneleka.

Ukuba mba uphambili imvumelwano, kuba isiphelo apho nethenda okanye ifandesi, na unikezelo Iwayo nayiphi na impahla ayimfuneko ngenkxaso ubomi obuqhelekileyo, ngoko iqela ezifundisa ixabiso ikhontrakthi ngaphezu kwe-25% ngaphantsi lokuqala, kukubonelela yabathengi kunye ethethelela ezifana amaxabiso. Anti-yokulahla countervailing amanyathelo kulo mzekelo, ukunceda ukuphucula kakhulu umgangatho ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo amalungu "ecociweyo" belifa abanganyanisekanga, njengoko kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukufakwa sicelo:

• incwadi siqinisekiso evela kumenzi, nto leyo eya cacisa ixabiso ngqo kunye nobungakanani nemveliso enikezwa;
• amaxwebhu leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba okhuphisana na ukuthenga stock uthe emveliso;
• amaxwebhu Okunye kunye izibalo, ezisenokusebenza isiqinisekiso ithuba lokuthenga iqela ukuqinisekisa unikezelo impahla ngexabiso ezifundiswayo.

Amanqaku iintlobo imisebenzi

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano, umfaki-sicelo kufuneka anikezele njengenxalenye izizathu yayo bid inxaxheba kuyo.

Ukuba ikhomishini zokuthenga inkqubo yokuvavanya isicelo uyayiqonda ukuba olu xwebhu kuyimfuneko, kodwa hayi, isicelo kwegunya. Isigqibo zeKhomishoni kulo mzekelo, umgangatho kufuneka lubhalwe kwimizuzu kuxatyiso kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezicelo inxaxheba ifandesi, okanye nokuqwalaselwa isicelo esisodwa.

Xa ifandesi unikwa ileta isiqinisekiso okanye iseti yamaxwebhu engqina ubukho imveliso ethile. Konke oku amaxwebhu kufuneka mazinikwe umxumi kwicala le projekthi sele izivumelwano ngemvume. Ukuba umthathi-nxaxheba uyasilela ukuthobela nezi mfuno, oko kukuthi, oko ukuthumela iphakheji ekunene yamaphepha, ngoko ke amanyathelo anti-inkunkuma esetyenziswa kuyo ngokungqinelana nomthetho 44-FZ. Ngaloo ndlela iye zabaleka ekwenzeni isivumelwano.

eyimpumelelo

Lowo uphumeleleyo uya soyike ekwenzeni isivumelwano, ukuze umthengi wathembisa ukuba ukugqiba ukuba nxaxheba isicelo ogama iphumelele kwindawo yesibini, waza wavuma, kodwa iindleko wakhe ecetywayo 25% ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nalowo sokuqala. Ngoko ke, eli qela kufuneka kusetyenziswe amanyathelo afanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, kufuneka bazobe ukhuseleko okanye ukunika iinkcukacha ezingaba ukholo lwakhe olungileyo.

Ezi iqela mfuno iye engathotyelwa, ukuze igunya khuphiswano libandakanye le nkampani kwirejista zabathengisi ezingalunganga.

Emva kokuba isibheno kwisigqibo seNkundla yoLamlo omzimba antimonopoly waba lomelele. Ukuba umthathi-nxaxheba, bambamba kwindawo yesibini kukhuphiswano, ivumile ukuba angene kwimvumelwano, loo nto ithathwa uphumeleleyo, kodwa ke ukuba akathanga ukuzalisekisa iimfuno yeSiqendu 37 yomthetho efanelekileyo, eli winner labaleka ngemvumelwano.

Xa ukuba awunakukwazi ukufaka?

Ukuqalela Juni 2014, ngokungqinelana nomthetho lwangoku, kukho iimeko ezininzi apho antidumping kunye countervailing imiqathango eyodwa yokhuselo ayikwazi isicelo. Oku kwenzeka kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa:

• Kwenziwe ukuthengwa kwamayeza zifakiwe kwi-pre-ezivunywe yi urhulumente Russian Federation uluhlu amachiza zibalulekileyo kunye kubalulekile.
• iqela okuthenga ngayo isiphelo kwekhontrakthi wenziwe, inikeza iindleko iziyobisi ezithengiweyo, ukunciphisa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-25% xa kuthelekiswa ne yazo ibhalwe ubuninzi kwixabiso lokuthengisa esekwe ngokungqinelana nemithetho zangoku ezinxulumene amayeza onyango.

Ngenxa yoko, isivumelwano amanyathelo anti-inkunkuma ungalungiselela ukususwa zabo iqela ukuba ezalisekisa ezi mfuno zilapha ngasentla.