Yintoni spermatogenesis? Icacisa ngqi

Xa umzimba nabakhonzazana, nabakhonzi gqolo inkqubo ekukhuleni gametes. Ukuba onke amanenekazi kulo mba kucacile ngokwaneleyo, la madoda ahlale ingaziwa. Kungenakwenzeka ukuba umntu kude amayeza kakhulu wazibuza ukuba spermatogenesis. Kodwa ukuba abe nomqondo bekuya kuba mnandi ukwandisa ulwazi jikelele kunye nokuqonda ngcono amalungu zabo.

definition

Qala le uhambo uchaze zibe eziphilayo kunye histology ngcono kwisiseko theory. Ngoko ke, yintoni na spermatogenesis? Le nkqubo, nto leyo imveliso ekupheleni le yobudoda. Onke amanqanaba zayo ezilawulwa hormone kunye luvo.

Umjikelo nganye yoviwo ithatha malunga asithoba iintsuku. Oku kathathu ngaphezu abafazi, kodwa iiseli intsholongwane abaqolileyo, kakhulu, imiyalelo eziliqela sezingeni elikhulu. Ngehora ngalinye iintsuku 90 wetyhalarha ekhulisa isidoda esebenzayo amakhulu ezigidi. Iqondo lobushushu ingenankathazo kwinkqubo - 34-35 degrees Celsius.

Spermatogenesis lungahlulwa-hlulwa ngezigaba ezithathu okanye ixesha:

- zixhaphakile;
- meiosis;
- spermatogenesis.

ngqi

Yintoni spermatogenesis? Le nkqubo ezilandelanayo izigaba iyeyiphi nyathelo. Izazi iintlobo ezine utshintsho emzimbeni:

- phindo kweeseli;
- ukukhula;
- ukuphuma;
- ukuyilwa madlozi.

Konke oku kuthatha indawo tubules seminiferous, ibekwe ngaphakathi amasende. Umaleko engaphandle weeseli uyila udonga tubular, - spermogonii. Babeqhubeka yahlulwe mitotically. Le nkqubo iqala phambi kokuzalwa kwaye kuyaqhubeka de iminyaka emashumi mabini anantlanu. Iiseli mabayahlule ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba ixesha ebizwa ngokuba ixesha yokuzala.

Emva kokuba lokufikisa spermatogonia yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini:

- abo balibale ukuba yahlula;
- abo baye bafudukela embindini tubule kummandla lokukhula.

Ku xwebhu kwindawo entsha iiseli kwandisa ubukhulu, kuba kukho icytoplasm osisityebi ngezakhi. Of spermatogonia senziwa similise spermatocytes yomyalelo yokuqala. Ngeli xesha, spermatogenesis evela spermatocytes nganye kwasekwa nakumagatya ezimbini, yaye kubo abasele bephumelele spermatids.

Spermatids ngoko ngokulinganayo isasazwe phezu wetyhalarha, ehlahla kwawo ngaphakathi. Kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokuthe ngcembe ikhule ibe amadlozi, leyo kweyela Umbobho Vas, uze emva koko - kule urethra.

zixhaphakile

Ngomhla inwebu iphambili tubules seminiferous zicwangciswe spermatogonia, ogama inani ngexesha nokwanda ngokwesondo ingaba billion. Ngokutsho iimpawu zayo morphological babelana:

- iiseli ekukhanyeni uhlobo A;
- mnyama iiseli uhlobo A;
- uhlobo cell B.

spermatogonia Dark izinto ezingasafunekiyo, ukuba egalelwe zikwimeko phambi kokuba mzuzu xa kufuneka kuvela (emva isifo kakhulu okanye zokukhanya). iiseli Bright gqolo yahlula mitotically abaziveza iiseli A no-B-hlobo.

Ngenxa spermatogenesis kwixesha osandul, yaye ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka-14 amadoda emfono echibini enkulu iiseli ezinokuthi umahluko kwi ngamadlozi. Oku kunika ukuchuma elide amabhinqa (300 kuphela amaqanda, kwaye musa ukwabelana).

Meiosis: spermatogenesis

Spermatogonia ezinxulumene izihlunu B-lohlobo amaxesha zokuqala ezimbalwa singahlukaniswa mitosis kwaye abe spermatocyte umyalelo wokuqala. Le iseli, kuthi, ahlulwe, kodwa hayi ngokufanayo, yaye meiosis. Ekupheleni kwinqanaba lokuqala akhiwa iiseli intombi ezimbini - i spermatocytes umyalelo wesibini, nganye zisisiqingatha inani zofuzo. Inqanaba lesibini iphela ifomu spermatids ezimbini ukusuka spermatocytes ngalinye.

Zizonke iiseli abane abatsha ethathwe kwenye. Ngamnye kubo iseti haploid zofuzo, kwaye kwixesha elizayo inxaxheba aqhamise eqandeni.

spermatogenesis

Ngokungafaniyo spermatogenesis oogenesis nolo lufumaneka wokugqibela kufuneka iiseli ezininzi ezincinci anokuqulatha ulwazi yemfuza, kungekhona nje omnye, kodwa ke enkulu yaye kwezondlo.

Ukuba kanti spermatocytes somyeni, umele eve uthotho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo morphological. spermatid nganye ibekwe ecaleni iiseli Sertoli, apho "luvuthwa". iseli kuqala ajikelezayo, ngoko akrwiqilizwe, kubonakala ukuba granules acrosomal. Ezi inclusions ke ndawonye kwenye izibonda esiseleni, kwaye kukho "ikepusi acrosomal".

Mitochondria abese embindini yeseli, baya kuhamba isidoda phambili. Le kukho icytoplasm liyaqhubeka olule, nomsila yenziwe. Xa iseli onelungelo ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ekukhuleni kwengqondo sigqityiwe, kwaye kuthatha indawo yayo phezu engaphakathi intambo spermatic.

Iimpawu ukubunjwa iiseli

Yintoni spermatogenesis? - inkqubo njongo ogama main ukuvela iiseli aqolileyo yintsholongwane usempilweni, kufuneka umlinganiselo onguwo ulwazi yemfuza. yonke inkqubo madlozi imbonakalo ye cell carcinomas kuthatha malunga nenyanga.

Oku kuhlelwe yi enzayim ezithile, ezinceda ukufumana iqanda, ukufika kwayo, kubenze esingxotyeni zokhuseleko kwaye enze elilodwa eziseleni lwegciwane eyindoda. Bona ucukene cap acrosomal enye, nto leyo esele kuxoxwe ngasentla.

Enye into ke motility sperm. Uhamba iqanda ukusuka isizalo ukuya ityhubhu Imibhobho kunye isibeleko ngaphakathi kuphela ngonxibelelwano fimbriae, isindululo translational of isiliya kunye peristalsis neetyhubhu. Isidoda kwakhona inomsila, leyo isebenza iflagellum, kunyusa phambili ezinye iiseli.

Umgangatho kunye nokusebenza madlozi kuchaphazela ulwamkelo amayeza, utywala, iziyobisi necuba, kunye nezinye iimeko zithe zadala kwaye iqala.

Iimpawu eziphembelela iinkqubo

Zonke iiseli eyintsholongwane spermatogenesis inovakalelo oluphezulu lokuba imiba ezibi. Ukophulwa yale nkqubo kwezinye izigaba zalo kungakhokelela wenzala nokuphungulwa okanye ukungachumi.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba oyindoda womelele kucingelwa ukuba buqinile ngokwemigaqo yezempilo, umzimba inkunzi umkhathalele kakhulu ukuhla lobushushu emzimbeni kunye nosulelo wentsholongwane egazini. ngokwanele eqhelekileyo kunye komzimba kancinane, balitshabalalise izicwangciso ukukhawula umntwana iinyanga ezintathu.

Ngoko ke, abantu kufuneka bangayeku iingcebiso esisiseko imveliso yakho yokukhathalela umzimba ukulondoloza umsebenzi okuzala ixesha elide:

- kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba banxibe iimpahla tight, nto leyo enokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi nokwandisa kwingingqi ubushushu;
- kuphephe Utyelelo rhoqo kwiisauna ehomereni ke;
- ngononophelo ukuthatha nemithi, amachiza-hormone.

Amanye amabhinqa banenkxalabo yokuba bengade kumitha, ukuzama ukuphembelela umzimba inkunzi ukuphucula yobudoda. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka iyantluko ukutya, anike imikhuba emibi, ukunqanda ongaka iziyobisi, basele iti leengcambu endaweni ikofu, umthambo, yaye ngamathuba athile uye umyalezo.

iindlela ezongezelelweyo sesichengeni

Oogenesis kunye spermatogenesis luyaphuculwa ngokuzenzela. Ukuze wenze oku, yisa amaqabane zovuselelo kwamadlala ezikliniki amayeza yosapho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ezinjalo kwenziwa kwabo izibini abaye bagqiba ukuba umntwana ngu IVF (in vitro fertilization) okanye ICSI (inaliti sperm intracellular).

Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo ezinjalo ezingakhuselekanga omabini amaqabane, nezinto zokukhawulezisa enziweyo zinqanda imveliso emzimbeni wayo yaye kuphakamise ukungachumi. Ukusebenza endalo spermatogenesis kwenzeka kumadoda uyathandana. Ubuchopho synthesizes iihomoni ezininzi ezahlukeneyo eziphucula nje kuphela umgangatho nobungakanani amadlozi, kodwa ukomeleza amajoni omzimba, ukwandisa kwezihlunu nokukhawulezisa ukutya.

isidoda

Ukuze kuchaphazela kwenziwe kunye nemveliso sperm, kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube uphando ejaculate. Olu phando oluneenkcukacha ukujonga inani umgangatho sperm esebenzayo, ukumisa utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo kumabakala okuqala (ukuba ikhona).

Xa ejaculate yinto lulwelo omhlophe okanye nombala ukuba iasidi cala. Xa milliliter omnye kufuneka angabi ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezingama-20 somyeni, naphezu-25 ekhulwini kubo kufuneka babe hambayo. Ngaphezu koko, umyinge iiseli eziqhelekileyo ezifanelekileyo ukuchumisa kufuneka ubuncinane isiqingatha lilonke. Ngokutsho kwimilinganiselo World Health Organization, malunga namashumi amahlanu ekhulwini amadlozi kufuneka babe basaphila yaye akukho amakhwiniba morphology. Le obukuso uvumelekile ubukho ingabalulekanga kuzo iiseli ngeenxa kunye leukocytes. iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, macrophage, kunye corpuscles amyloid abamkelwa.

Ukwahlula izikhombisi isidoda ezinjalo:

- normogramma;
- oligospermia - imali encinane amadlozi;
- polyspermy - ezininzi ejaculate;
- viskozipatiya - viscosity ngokugqithiseleyo;
- oligozoospermia - amadlozi elisezantsi bala;
- azoospermia - akukho amadlozi kulwelo;
- asthenozoospermia - nokungakwazi morphologically spermatozoa unmodified.

Kukho ezinye iindlela, kodwa oku amatyala ixhaphakileyo.