Yintoni Requiem

Requiem. Xa sisiva eli lizwi, nto oludale usizi yokwenene, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo unxulunyaniswa iziganeko ezibuhlungu. Umqambi wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ukuba bamele imizuzu ezizodwa lobomi, kukhatshwa ngokubulaleka. inkonzo ekhethekileyo yesikhumbuzo, apho ukhatshwa ngumculo ezithile wadalwa ukuba iziganeko ezibuhlungu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto umbuzo wokuba yintoni na requiem, kukho impendulo enye kuphela - umngcwabo ongaqhelekanga kunye Requiem Mass, nto leyo lunikezelwa imemori kwabafileyo. Ezi ngokwemveli zibandakanya imisebenzi zomculo ezifana: "Nkosi, yiba nenceba," "iMini Yomgwebo" okanye "ngemini yengqumbo" kwaye i "Xinyimpfana xa Xikwembu". KumaXesha Aphakathi ukuba umsebenzi weekwayara enkulu, nto leyo yayisekelwe nokubetha le tshanti Gregorian. Chapel ubukhulu becala uphawu yamaKatolika iCawa. Imisebenzi ziye zakhiwa imithetho engqongqo kwaye zange isetyenziswe ebomini yehlabathi. Ezakha Requiem ufumene bembonakalo yayo classic 1570, ezibonela ezivunywe yi nguPopu Pius V.

intsingiselo Requiem ezahlukeneyo kwiicawa ezahlukeneyo. AmaLuthere namaKatolika, lithetha "uxolo obungunaphakade" yaye, enyanisweni, ukuphawulwa intlungu lusizi ngenxa abasishiyayo ngonaphakade, ichazwe kuphela ngendlela ethile somculo. Kwi-Orthodox le nkonzo kuphela ilizwi engqongqo yabantu ngaphandle umculo, polyphony asetyenziswa kuphela amakholwa bokwenene kweli etempileni.

Olu hlobo lomculo iye yafumana imibulelo abantu bakwazi ukuba okwenziwayo kwi- amabandla yamaKatolika. Ukusebenzisa umsindo eyodwa izakhiwo yamandulo, isandi amandla angaqhelekanga amazwi oluntu kunye nezixhobo ilungu negalelo ekuyilweni obukhulu kuzo zonke izigaba zobudala.

Ekuqaleni le requiem ilizwi va yesiko iqhekeza umculo, equka iindawo ezininzi. Okubhaliweyo yayibhalwe Latin.

Yintoni na namhlanje a requiem? Njengoko ngaphambili, le isijwili, umculo weekwayara. Kuye solos ukuba nomsindo kuhambisane okhestra. uhlobo Nemikhosi yakhe ayisekho uziphakamise, kwaye yaguquka ngokuthe ebanzi ikonsathi ensembles program umculo. Ekubeni modernity iye yatshintsha requiem. Ithetha ukuba isenguye, kunye abaqambi, njengokuba ngaphambili, ukunikezela inkumbulo yakhe ngumntu omthandayo okanye inani elikhulu labantu abasweleke emfazweni, esebenzisa iitekisi non-eziphefumlelweyo.

Ngaba wakha weva ubunzulu ngokusuka entliziyweni, elikhethekileyo bazitshisekisayo imvakalelo yosizi zokuzila uncuthu onjengokaMozart? Yena, ngelishwa, ndaye ndakwazi nakugqiba ukuba ngesiphelo, njengoko wafa. Ukuba uqhelene nalo msebenzi, akukho mfuneko ukuba achaze oko a requiem. It is a uncuthu lwengoma enjalo, xa isandi ukuba uya kuqonda ukuba kutheni kuqala. Apha, amagama angafunekiyo, kuba umculo - intlungu olungenasiphelo umntu ukuba soze kutshitsha, yaye midlalo ichazwe apha umculo. Requiem uMozart uya ixilongo endala uya khona uluntu.

Le abenzi bemilingo yale hlobo lomculo bafika ngenkulungwane XVIII romantic, kwakungekho uncuthu kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba requiem. Ixabiso iqhekeza umculo ngaloo mihla, asikwazi nemikhuba (libhekisela iintlobo zemveli umculo engcwele). Ngaphezu kwabo basebenza Ludwig van nguBeethoven, Ferenc Liszt, Saint-Saens, umqambi Russian Osip Kozlovsky kunye nabanye abaninzi.

A indawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala Requiems of Brahms abaqambi, Verdi kaThixo "War Requiem" yi Benjamin Britten, umsebenzi of 'Ubunzima e C-Minor "yi L. Cherubini, azinikele memory uLouis XVI, kwakunye" Polish Requiem "yi Penderecki.

Yintoni requiem? Le iqhekeza umculo eyenza umntu ucinga ukuba ubomi ilahleko idlule bebonke.