Yintoni kwemithambo ingqondo? Brain kwemithambo: Iimpawu, Diagnosis

kwemithambo zobuchopho, iimpawu ezo zichazwe ngezantsi, kungenzeka nayiphi na ubudala. Kodwa eyona zoxilongo uphawu ngenxa abadala ngaphezu kwabantwana. Okulandelayo, sifumanisa oko kwemithambo njengoko kubonakala namhlanje, yaye yintoni iindlela zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukubusiphula.

Overview

Yintoni i kwemithambo? Le fom encinane ngaphakathi ukakayi. Kubonakala phezu isitya igazi ebuchotsheni. Imfundo ngokukhawuleza kwandisa. Inxalenye khaxa kwako sifake uxinzelelo kwi kwinyama ezingqongileyo okanye luvo. Ingozi enkulu ukuba ubomi komsipha kwemithambo ebuchotsheni. Kulo mzekelo, igazi lingena esikule ezingqongileyo. Le meko kuthiwa legazi. Ezi iingxaki musa ukuba ukuyilwa zobukhulu ezincinane. An kwemithambo angenzeka na indawo yengqondo. Noko ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, kaninzi ibekwe kummandla awazalelwa amasebe umthambo. Le ndawo ibekwe phakathi isiseko kunye indawo asezantsi ebuchotsheni cranial. Ke ukuba isakhiwo, intamo kwemithambo ekhoyo. It waligcina isakhiwo umaleko ezintathu-kwemithambo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba le nxalenye iyizinzise imfundo. Le kwemithambo umzimba. inwebu selastiki ngayo yaphukile; maleko dystrophy Okungekhoyo kwakhona. Indawo thinnest le nkundla. Oku iqulathe kuphela intima nemithambo. Oku kulapho kukho ikhefu.

Kubanga zokugula

Ukwenzeka Ukwakheka kungabangela izifo ezahlukeneyo cerebrovascular. Unobangela ngezifo inokuba yokugula. Ngokukodwa, kusenokuba izibhaxu kidney polycystic okanye kwizicwili. Ukukhuthaza elivela nokusekwa kunye nesifo cerebrovascular ezinxulumene ejikeleza kakuhle. Oku, ingakumbi, i arteriovenous malformation naso. Zimeko ingqondo kufuneka zihlelwe zokonzakala kunye nezinye ukonzakala entloko, izifo, high blood pressure ithumba wegazi. Unobangela kwemithambo kunokuba yamafutha - ngezifo semithambo, nzima yokulahlwa kwe-cholesterol ezindongeni. Sibe sibi nemikhwa emibi: ukutshaya, utywala, iziyobisi. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ngexesha uthatha izivimbela kwandisa umngcipheko kwemithambo. Education, ukubonakala ngenxa yosulelo kuthiwa mycotic. Aneurysms eziyelelene izifo umhlaza, ngokufuthi ezinxulumene nangezilonda kuwenza okanye ephambili intloko kunye nentamo. Xa ukusetyenziswa Narcotics ejikeleza egxobhekile. Ngokukodwa, ulwamkelo rhoqo cocaine emathunjini semithambo, ukuze kwemithambo zinokwenzeka.

ngezigaba

Unyango kweenqanawa yobuchopho yenziwa ngokuhambelana uhlobo ubungqongqo ngezifo sokuqukuqela yayo. Ngokumalunga noviwo kwemfundo, ngoko zonke iintlobo ezintathu. Uhlobo lokuqala luquka aneurysms saccular. Kubonakala ngathi engxoweni ahanjiswa ligazi. Olubotshelelwe ku entanyeni okanye isiseko inxalenye iimpahla zesebe okanye imithambo ngqo. uhlobo Saccular kubhekwa hlobo luqhelekileyo ngezifo. Libizwa ngokuba "berry" ngenxa yokufana kunye ijinga berry esiqwini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i kwemithambo enjalo ivela kwi imithambo emazantsi ingqondo. uhlobo Saccular imfundo ukubonakala kakhulu kubantu abadala. Uhlobo lwesibini igqalwa kwemithambo lateral. Iyafana nethumba kwenye yeendonga. Udidi lwesithathu imfundo fusiform. It senziwa ngenxa yokwanda kodonga nemithambo kwisiza enye. Kukwakho amaziko zokuhlela ngobukhulu. Oku kubhekiselele kwabo omncinci engaphantsi kwe-11 mm. Ngu-avareji ubukhulu aneurysms sisixelela 11-25 mm, ukuba isigebenga - ngaphezu kwe-25 mm.

amaqela ingozi

Ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo aneurysms kusenokwenzeka ukuba komsipha kunye legazi. Kwiqela high-risk abantu abanala makhwiniba ezithile bekhubazekile. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abasetyhini kwemithambo eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa rhoqo kunamadoda. Kuba wonke ngamawaka-10. Abantu kunyaka ngamnye malunga 10 komsipha le kwemithambo.

Yintoni na ubungozi sifo?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwemithambo komsipha ubandakanya legazi ebuchotsheni. Oku, ebangela, izigulo ezisongela ubomi unzulu. Ngokukodwa, CNS umonakalo, ukopha stroke, okanye ukufa. Kuba ikhefu yokuqala kungalandelwa owesibini. Kulo mzekelo, re-ukopha kwenzeka. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zilandelayo nga ukuphuhlisa aneurysms ezintsha. Njengomgaqo, igazi ikhefu lingena isithuba phakathi amathambo ingqondo kunye ukakayi. Kule meko sithetha ngayo legazi subarachnoid. Iba ngenxa anobungozi ngayo hydrocephalus. Le meko luphawulwa zemali ukwanda kolwelo fluid kwi ventricles Palsy leyo ukwandisa uze ucofe kwi isicwili sobuchopho. Kusenokuba omnye, akukho ingxaki akanangozi - vasospasm. Kule meko ke licuthe imithambo yegazi, ngokwesiphumo apho kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ukuhamba kwegazi ingqondo ukhawulelwe. Ukungabikho Iziphumo supply igazi umonakalo inyama okanye ukuphalusa kokubetha kwakhe.

Brain kwemithambo: Iimpawu

rhoqo ngezifo akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa. Iimpawu aneurysms yobuchopho ziqala ukuvela xa ifikelela ubungakanani enkulu okanye Ungqabhuko, nto leyo inokwenzeka sizoku lwisana ngumntu ofezekileyo, nje emva uxinzelelo emzimbeni okanye emphefumlweni. Small, imfundo hayi yokwanda akufuneki ukuba akhatshwe naziphi na iimpawu ubomi bomntu. Kulo kwemithambo sandayo yobuchopho, iimpawu apho ngokulula mazingabhidaniswa nezinye izinto ezimbi ngokwaneleyo, abe njalo kwi inyama kunye luvo. I-avareji yobudala lezigulane ibhaqwe emoyeni - iminyaka ne30-50. Abantu abaninzi baphila ixesha elide nangona ukuba niyinikele kwemithambo ebuchotsheni. Iimpawu sifo zibandakanya: intlungu kwindawo iliso, ukukhubazeka, ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwemisipha ngelinye icala ebusweni. Kuyaqapheleka ukungaboni, abafundi inimba.

Iimpawu i kwemithambo kwi kwemithambo ngomva - le Bill kucacile izinto, okanye ukulahleka ezibonwayo ilahleko entsimini. Emva kokoyiswa phambi ophawulwe buthathaka otshintsho imilenze asezantsi. kwemithambo yegazi ngasemva kunye peripheral yobuso luvo paresis, ubuthulu (olunye-kabini). Kwakhona, kukho ingxolo evuthela ngamandla endlebeni. Xa Ukuvutha kwemithambo ingqondo le aorta, umntu uziva buhlungu ngesiquphe yaye nzima kunene. Kwakhona uqalisa uyakhupha okanye isicaphucaphu, kukho izihlunu intamo. Amathuba yokulahlekelwa kanye sezingqondweni. Njengoko bathi bona, izigulane, echaza le meko, kuba ke ebuhlungu kakhulu yoyikekayo ukuba kunokwenzeka ebomini. State luphawulwa ngogxininiso kunye obukhulu. Kwezinye iimeko, phambi kokuba komsipha le kwemithambo kwi umntu isilumkiso intlungu entloko. Baya unokuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki emva kohlaselo ukuba yenzeke. Kuba nezinye iimpawu zale ngezifo kufuneka iquke iinkophe ubuza, ubume bengqondo etshintshiweyo, ixhala anda, imbonakalo ubukhali ukukhanya. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, isigulane nagaxeleka ezilingweni isiqaqa. Ngenxa lizwe intlungu ebangwa-Orbital indawo mhlawumbi ukoyiswa kwi sobuKristu-okuhlangana kunye nobuchopho akudala, etempileni kunye umva yentloko - ngasemva, phakathi Amaza - kwemithambo basilar. Ukuba kukho ukuhlaselwa nezolo intlungu, kudityaniswe nabanye, ezi mpawu zingasentla, kufuneka ngoko nangoko uye kwagqirha.

Uxilongo kweenqanawa yobuchopho: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Kwezinye iimeko, le ngezifo ibanjiwe ngengozi, ngexesha uphando olunxulumene kwamanye amazwe. diagnosis mahluko nezifo neoplastic zobuchopho. Ingaba ingozi eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo legazi ibhaqwe imfundo. Amathuba liphezulu, ubukhulu ubungakanani sisilonda. Kwakhona, ingozi liya kuxhomekeka kwimeko emzimbeni (total), indawo le kwemithambo. hemorrhages elandelayo kwandisa amathuba ukufa kwenzeka nzima ngaphambili. Amaninzi, kwemithambo ingqondo, unyango ukuba wenziwe kuphela iyunithi lwengcali, ifumaneka indlela okususwa. Isiguli wawulahla ezingqondweni, wabona ukuxhuzula, nokuhlutha sokuwa oku, anisocoria, nomkhuhlane. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba unyango iinqanawa yobuchopho kufuneka baphathe ugqirha. Xa ezi mpawu isiguli ngokukhawuleza kufuneka balaliswe esibhedlele. Kwemithambo vasospasm mhlawumbi nge ukwanda kummandla ischemia, igazi inkqubo ventricular akwenza, imbonakalo hematoma intracerebral.

yenze uphando

Uxilongo kweenqanawa yobuchopho kuvumela ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko ntoni ngokoyiswa. Kwaye ke, ngenxa yalo, unyango olufanelekileyo. Njengomgaqo, uphando lwenziwa emva legazi subarachnoid. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo diagnostic:

• Angiography. Olu hlobo iimviwo X-ray lwenziwa ukusungulwa arhente umahluko. angiogram Intracerebral lunokukhangela iqondo exineneyo okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni, intloko, ingqondo. Ngoncedo lwe uphando kuchongwa utshintsho lwemithambo okanye esimbaxa, kuquka ukuvela kwingxelo. Angiography isetyenziswa zezigulo kwegazi. It ikuvumela ukuba ubone indawo ngqo, imilo kunye nobungakanani ithumba okanye kwemithambo. Angiography lwenziwa nekhabhathi nesilungiselelwe ngokukodwa. Emva zomzimba ke lesitofu kwemithambo kulo catheter bhetyebhetye. Oku kukhuthazwa sitya abachaphazelekayo. Ukuhamba kwegazi iyekelela umthamo othile umahluko esiphakathi. Emva lithe laqhenqetha nge entanyeni nemithambo kunye nentloko, wabulawa anenani elifunekayo-X-reyi.
• Itomography ngekhompyutha. Le ndlela noko ulwazi non-invasive test, olukhawulezayo elingenabuhlungu diagnostic. Wusebenzisele ukuba ukuchonga kukho kwemithambo, yaye ngexesha lekhefu ukuba ukumisela ukuba ukopha yenzeka ebuchotsheni ngexesha elifanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, CT wabelwa kwindawo yokuqala xa ukrokrela ukuba imfundo angaphula. imifanekiso X-ray kwenziwa kwikhompyutha ngohlobo imifanekiso onamacala amabini cross-amacandelo, yaba lukakayi, ebuchotsheni. Kwezinye iimeko, phambi kokuba arhente CT umahluko yegazi iphethwe. angiography enjalo inika umfanekiso ecace ngokungaphaya kunye eneenkcukacha ngakumbi. CT lwenziwa kwigumbi ekhethekileyo, uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo.
• MRI - uhlobo yophando ezisebenzisa Imagnethi intsimi kunye nerediyo amaza. Ukuqhuba MRA (iinkcukacha ngemagnethi livakale angiography) ivumela ukuba ufumane umfanekiso eneenkcukacha ngakumbi yaye ngokucacileyo nempahla. Umfanekiso ingabonwa imilinganiselo ezintathu, kwaye ngohlobo kumacala amabini cross-kumacandelo. MRA yinto elula. Isifundo nga ukufumanisa imilo kunye nobungakanani aneurysms unruptured, ngokunjalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukopha yenzekile.
• Uhlalutyo cerebrospinal fluid. Ukuba ukrokrela uqhekeko le lweengcali kwemithambo linokubhekisela umguli ukuba zifake ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Lenquba yenzelwa phantsi Ukubulawa yasekuhlaleni. Kunye inaliti itsalwa isithuba subarachnoid ye umthamo omncinci eziphathekayo. ulwelo fluid koko kuvavanywa legazi kwegazi. Ukuthatha zokufunda wenziwe kwigumbi ekhethekileyo esibhedlele.

amanyathelo therapeutic: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Noxa kunjalo, ukuyilwa Ungqabhuko akusoloko. Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, abantu baphile ubomi bakho kunye kwemithambo, apho kungekho ndlela ukuzibonakalisa. izigulane ezinjalo kufuneka ukugcina ulawulo phezu Dynamics ukwakhiwa. Kufuneka gqolo ekubekeni iliso uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuba Kwathi unyango olufanelekileyo kwizinga cholesterol ephakamileyo ngokunjalo yokuphatha (ukuba ikhona), imiphumo trauma cranial kunye nezifo ezosulelayo. Kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukuphawula imiboniso ezitsha, nto leyo enokuthi ikhatshwe kwemithambo ebuchotsheni. Unyango kulo mzekelo iya okucwangcisiweyo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iziphumo zophando kunye akubonayo ukuvumela ukuba ukhethe i amaqhinga kakhulu ngempumelelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ilahleko nganye yahlukile indlela yalo. Unyango kweenqanawa yobuchopho kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo indawo, uhlobo kunye nobungakanani sisilonda. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ubudala yesigulane, imbali yosapho, imbali yezonyango, impilo jikelele. Kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwaye umngcipheko komsipha le kwemithambo.

ukungenelela kuhlinzwa

Unyango leenqanawa yobuchopho kule ngokwemeko kwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Indlela yokuqala ekuthiwa-clip. Nayiphi utyando ebuchotsheni kuphathelene iingozi. Uthe uphazamiseko ziyingozi umngcipheko omkhulu kwizigulane. Operation ubuchopho indlela kwemithambo clip yi "off" isahlulo ezonakeleyo kunye nokulondolozwa nokuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa kwemijelo engundoqo. Ukuqulunqwa kwe bhokisi ikliphu nya mngcelele igazi. Kukho enye indlela ngayo kwemithambo onomzi. Ukusebenza endovascular embolization inokwenziwa eziliqela izihlandlo ebudeni ubomi umguli. Ngexesha seyingenelele ngoncedo kwemithambo femoral, arhente ezikhethekileyo zilawulwa. Bazele kwemithambo ebuchotsheni. Olu tyando lwenziwa usebenzisa iziyobisi zakutshanje okanye ohlobo na njo umonakalo. Le ndlela okwangoku ingqalelo kakhulu progressive.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba iyaluthintela uphuhliso sifo?

Okwangoku, amanyathelo kodwa kuphuhliswa, ngoncedo apho kunokwenzeka ukuthintela inkangeleko ukunyusa ubungakanani ukwakhiwa. Izigulane basengozini, kufuneka esweni ngenyameko impilo yabo, ukuba bagcine ulawulo lale mini, ukulawula uxinzelelo, musa ukutshaya okanye uthathe iziyobisi (cocaine, njalo njalo). Ukongeza, kufuneka udibane nogqirha wakho malunga ukuthatha izixhobo ezifana "aspirin" kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinegalelo yokunyibilika egazini. Abasetyhini kufuneka udibane nge oyingcali ukusetyenziswa zokucwangcisa ngomlomo. Esi sisiganeko esikhulu abantu abaye babe ukuthambekela esele isipho okanye ingqondo kwemithambo. Olu tyando ithathwa kuyimfuneko ngexesha ukukhula olunzulu zemfundo nokwandisa amathuba ebomini yesigulane.

Imiphumela and Outlook

aneurysms Unruptured kwi ubuchopho ababanjwa ixesha elide, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ubomi babo. Kwezinye iimeko, le ingxa- ye ukuyilwa kungabangela ukufa, ukufa icala okanye ukopha vasospasm. Le yokugqibela kama kukuthi igqi- Ngokuqunjiswa nokufa okanye ukukhubazeka ngenxa komsipha of the kwemithambo. Le ingxa- ye ukuyilwa kungabangela isiqaqa, hydrocephalus. Kwakhona esinokonakalisa kwengqondo vuhlayiseki okanye okwethutyana. Ipredikshini emva yokopha iya kuxhomekeka kubudala yomguli, iimpawu kumzimba, nakwezinye iimeko ezichaphazelekayo-luvo. Ixabiso ine lilungiselelo ukubunjwa, ubukhulu, ngesidanga ukopha, kwaye kananjalo ukuba mhlawumbi ngokuphindaphindiweyo zaseprayimari. Xa kuhlolwa iziphumo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ixesha phakathi isiqabu ngqo legazi. Izigulane abaye baphathwa imfundo unexploded kufuna ixesha ekuphulukwene ngaphantsi kwe kwizigulane baziqhawula kwemithambo. Ixesha recovery kwimeko yokugqibela, kusenokuba iiveki eziliqela okanye iinyanga. Kwimo yesiqhelo emva utyando kufuneka kwenzeke phantsi kweliso zonyango. Amakhambi lungasetyenziswa nonyango yesondlo.

amanyathelo jikelele lokunqanda

Izifo ezininzi nemithambo zinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Okokuqala kufuneka ukuba siqwalasele ngenyameko umfanekiso yobomi bakhe. Xa iimeko zobomi banamhlanje izinga eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo eziyimfuneko ukufumana ixesha lokuphumla elifanelekileyo. Kule meko sithetha ngezemidlalo esebenzayo, ekukhethwa ukuba phandle. Iingcali bacebisa ukuba zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka ukujongana yokungasebenzi emzimbeni. Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu kunye nemvelaphi nangokweemvakalelo umntu. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuphelisa uxinezeleko, sindisa engqondweni. Konke oku kuchaphazela imeko nemithambo. Onke amachiza ezibekwa ngugqirha, kufuneka zithathwe kuphela ngokungqinelana kunye nesicelo scheme musa ukudlula oyidlayo. Iingcali Siyaleza ngamandla uku ukuphulaphula emzimbeni wakho, musa ngoyaba imiyalezo sithumela. Ukuba ngaba wehlelwa ebuhlungu rhoqo kufuneka ukutyelela ugqirha baye kuzihlola. Xa kunjalo na kucetyiswa ukuba amisele ngokuzimeleyo kuye naziphi na iziyobisi. Xa ngezifo kweenqanawa ingqondo self-iyeza kunokukhokelela kwintlekele, ezisongela ubomi. I kungekudala iza kuba utyelelo kugqirha, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba ukuchonga unobangela wale okanye urhulumente, unyango eyaneleyo okanye uqhaqho. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba zonke iinkqubo omzimba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kunye nabanye. izifo nemithambo nezinabantu kwabanye amazwe, nto leyo isebenze mhlawumbi ngenxa yoko kubangela yokuphazamiseka igazi ebuchotsheni kunye nesondlo. ukufikelela ngexesha kwagqirha, kwiimeko ezininzi uyayiphepha ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa.