Yintoni ke ingxaki yokukhula kule ncwadi. Iimpikiswano ingxaki ekhulayo

umntu ekhulayo ingxaki soloko nemincili kuphela iisayikholojisti, kodwa inkcubeko: ababhali, ngabapeyinti, neseemvumi, njalo njalo. Ixesha lokufikisa kuqwalaselwa phantse kakhulu nzima ebomini bam.

Uncwadi neengxoxo: nengxaki yokukhula imisebenzi ezithandwayo

Dzherom Selindzher e inoveli yakhe encinane "I Catcher kwi Irorho", eyaba Classic, ikwavelisa isifundo. Yena ikhankanya ukuba kakhulu engaqhelekanga: iqhawe ophambili weli bali, Abanjwe Kolfild, ke kwakungekho nto zendalo, uchasene zonke izinto ezilungileyo anazo ukuze anikele uluntu. Ngenxa yobudala babo kukhokelela Caulfield iingxoxo etyeni ngokwenene. Ingxaki ekhulayo ibali iphambili hero - le ntlekele elivisayo amabi kakhulu. Abanjwe nje 17 iminyaka, ngoko ukuba abadlali yeqonga 'ezilungileyo kakhulu ", isikolo kumenza uzothekile, yaye singqongwe ngabantu abazama ukuncokola naye, akhubeke phezu kodonga esiluqilima ukungaqondi kunye ukulahlwa. Ibali, Noko ke, ekugqibeleni ekugqibeleni Caulfield uziva onwabile.

Le umsantsa phakathi kwezizukulwana okanye ubulima oselula?

ingxaki ekhulayo kule ncwadi ivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa isigama okanye ukungabi ngemisebenzi yamanani enjalo aphela rhoqo. Sakwa elivisayo ukwazi ekhanyelayo yonke into kuba njalo ufuna ukwandisa ukufaneleka kwayo kwaye yokubonisa uhlobo logwayimbo. Umzekelo, iqhubheka umxholo okanye ukungabi, sifanele ngokuqinisekileyo ukhankanye noveli Yaduma Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva "Ooyise and Sons." Ophambili womsebenzi, ngenxa ungquzulwano zaseprayimari nangaphandle iphuhlise - evgeniy Vasilevich Bazarov. Akazange ingongoma yokuba uthando, yena, kongamasikizi ezintlangeni zonke iintlobo zobugcisa kwaye ukholelwa ukuba isimilo nonqulo wasungula nto engcono kukwenza. Nangona "Unjengokuphola" ibonakale, lo mlinganiswa yimvakalelo nje kukusizelwa kumfundi oqolileyo. Umntu uzama ukuchasa ngokupheleleyo uluntu, akakwazi umthetho intlonelo, kuba loo ukuziphatha kuthiwa bobusana. Bazarov flaunts okanye ukungabi kwakhe, nto nje kwiminyaka embalwa iza kuba phezu.

Code of Imbeko ukuba ixhama: ibali Bambi

ekuqaleni ekukhuliseni ingxaki abachaphazelekayo kumsebenzi eyaziwa kakuhle Feliksa Zaltena ebizwa ngokuba "Bambi, ubomi ehlathini." deer ezincinane anthropomorphic, echazwe kule ncwadi, ucanda zonke izigaba uqolile. Yena uyaqonda ukuba ubomi ngqwabalala kufuna ukuba bomelele yaye niqinile, kodwa ebuntwaneni ixesha elide akazange avumele naye. Bambi Little ubona ukuba uyise ayikho ingqalelo kakhulu kuye, yaye ke ngoko iyasokola ukuba ukuzimela. Ukufa ngesiquphe umama igalelo, kwaye yexhama iyazala endle uqalisa ukuba braver ngakumbi kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye nzima ngenxa yokuba ayikwazi nangayiphi na indlela ukukhawulezisa le nkqubo - oku iyakhula ingxaki. Iimposiso kule ncwadi, bevela zabantwana, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokufikisa ushiya uphawu ezingqondweni yobomi bethu, yaye konke oko kuxhomekeke iya njani kakuhle ndawo ngeli xesha. Kwincwadi "Bambi, ubomi ehlathini," umlinganiswa ophambili lomelele ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ukuba kwenzeka kusoloko ebomini?

Lwabantwana, ukufikisa nolutsha

iingxoxo ezinzima kakhulu ukuze ingxaki ekhulayo nayo ikhokelele umbhali odumileyo Alexei Tolstoy. Wabhala inoveli yakhe ngokuphila ebuntwaneni iindawo ezintathu. Yokukhula. LoLutsha ", wabanika ukudla iingcinga hayi kuphela kwisizukulwana olukhulayo ukuba ubona lo msebenzi esikolweni, kodwa abafundi abadala. Tolstoy ikuchaza ngokweenkcukacha elikhulu ukuyilwa yobuntu bakhe elitsha, ukuze umfundi "ukhula" kunye Lesha encinane, nto leyo iba indoda, usisi Alexis. Ubomi bakhe umbhali uchaza ngeranti unsophisticated, kodwa umdla kakhulu. Umntu phawula indlela bendicinga hero, imbonakalo yakhe uqole ngakumbi njengoko atshintshe isimo sakhe nentsapho yakhe. I Lesch omdala, kokukhona wabona baqonda, yaye akukho nanye oku asilahlekanga kuquka umfundi. Kakade ke, ezinye iziqephu Tolstoy mhlawumbi yasungulwa okanye wacinga; kodwa ke ixabiso bezobugcisa umsebenzi aluphambuki.

abantwana abadala of America kunye yintlekele yayo

Nangona le ngxaki amaninzi abachaphazelekayo abantwana ukukhula kwexesha okanye ngokwasengqondweni, okanye uncwadi emkhosini, esi sihloko anokufunyanwa eminye yemisebenzi kwi athile umxholo. Umzekelo, Teodor Drayzer ngo "An American Intlungu" lakhe Ngobuchule kakhulu wachaza iziphumo ukuzimela yokuqala umntwana lowo onyanzelwayo ukuba ukucwangcisa ubomi babo ngaphandle usapho. Lo mxholo kwakhona wayeyoliswa kakhulu uCharles Dickens, ogama isiphelo yenziwe kanye ngokunjalo. Umbhali Kwanyanzeleka ukuba asebenze esemncinane ukuxhasa intsapho yakhe kunye nabantwana abancinane. Kwakhona Dreiser butyhileke kakuhle ingcamango "nedolyublennosti" umntwana lowo umthwalo ingamampunge, yezorhwebo, kwaye ukholelwa ukuba imeko ekuhlaleni kubaluleke ngaphezu kozuko. Ophambili of "An Intlekele American" unetyala yeshwangusha lakhe, ngokuba inemithombo nokubawa zange ukuzisa ulonwabo emntwini. Ukuba ucinga ngecebo lakho ishishini lakhe ndisemncinane, Klayd Griffits yeyela kumgibe abadala, xa ezingundoqo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha okwangoku buqondwe, kwaye imali sele oyifundileyo.

Psychology of abalinganiswa ukusuka Dzhoan Rouling

Amaxesha amaninzi, nabafazi abachatshazelwa ingxaki kakubi yokukhula. Iimpikiswano kwiincwadi zithathelwa ingqalelo nokuba olu hlobo loncwadi - fiction. Ngokwale ndlela ndaya ngumdali adumileyo kwihlabathi Harry Pottere Dzhoan Ketlin Rouling. Phezu iincwadi ezisixhenxe zabalinganiswa ikhule, yaye umfundi ngomdla neenguqu bengqondo yabo. Okokuqala, le abahlobo abathathu - Ron, uHarry kunye Hermione - friendly nje, kwaye kwincwadi yesine, xa bathe baba abadala kwaye uqala ukubona kakade nomsa omnye komnye. Rowling ngobuchule uchaza ulwalamano lwabo - mhlawumbi indima ebonakalayo ubuchule bengqondo yakhe mihle ukudlalwa kanye into ukuba ungumfazi. Ukusuka ngaphantsi abafundi aqolileyo asenokuba kusinda ezinye izinto ezibangela ingxabano phakathi abalinganiswa, kodwa umfundi onamava ngoko nangoko qaphela ukuba ngumtyholwa - zobutsha amava. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba "Harry uMbumbi" - incwadi malunga ilizwe umlingo kunye adventures zomlingo, la mava zobutsha zifana nempilo kakhulu nebonakala. Ukusuka ingoma, njengoko nisazi, amagama Awukwazi ukucima.

Abantwana iingelosi ezivela Ray Bradbury

Maxa wambi umdla kakhulu indlela ekuya kuba iingxoxo yombhali. ekhulayo ingxaki nobungozi ngokungathi kwazenzekela, ekuweleni, Noko ke, abahlalutyi zoncwadi ezibutha lo mxholo yimisebenzi yabo. Rey Bredberi kwincwadi yakhe "edandelion Wine" asebenzise njengobuchule kunokuba engaqhelekanga. Uthi ibali kanye njengoko ukuchaza iziganeko wenkwenkwe encinane. Oku kongeza incwadi elinomtsalane edumileyo, ngenxa yokuba abafundi abadala kudala ulibele oko waphupha waza wacinga nje umntwana. Bradbury wayekwazi igxininisa umahluko phakathi ezingqondweni lomntwana evela omdala, kwaye oku kwenza le ncwadi eliqaqambileyo kwaye nobumnandi. Ngaphantsi umdla ivela oku kuba - phezu koko, le ncwadi 'ano- "xa ufunda. Kanye njengokuba umntwana siya uphupha zezihlangu intenetya okanye iintyatyambo ezintsha. iimvakalelo zabantwana kunye neengcamango zisoloko ngokunyanisekileyo kakhulu kunene, iqaqambileyo, yaye oku kubonisa umsebenzi wakhe, Bradbury.

Iimfazwe Uxolo imiphefumlo ezibuthathaka

Ingxaki ekhula emfazweni wamvusela rhoqo yoncwadi lwamandulo. Leo Tolstoy waqala ukunikela yonke incwadi kule ngxaki, kodwa yahlanganisa oko iintlobo ezinye izihloko kunye nemiba emsebenzini wakhe awufi "War Noxolo". Umzekelo athalala, nokuba isiqaqa umntwana, nto leyo iba kumcacele noqolileyo ngakumbi, ongumfanekiselo Natashi Rostovoy, nto leyo etshintsha imfazwe. Tolstoy ugxininisa xa ekhula nje ukuba umntwana wayeza uyithimbile buhlungu nokubi ngaphandle ngamandla xa kuyanyanzeleka ukuba bakhule. Kakade ke, le mfazwe - oku ixesha xa wena uyakwazi na ziyaxinga ixesha elide njengomntwana, kodwa lunesheyi kwabo eli ebuntwaneni eyayingazange ixesha lokuqwalasela! amava Okokuqala uthando, bengcangcazela emadolweni, uchulumanco neziqhulo abafazazana abazono kunye nabahlobo - konke oku evinjwa amantombazana baselula kuphila ngexesha lemfazwe. Character lukhuni okanye waphula phantsi, nothando okanye ziba namandla kwaye iba banjengeqhwitha, okanye ukuwa ngaphandle, ukuqokelela oko akwenzeki.

abantu abadala, malunga apho kungekho mntu wacinga

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba Vladimir Nabokov kukhokelela umxholo yokukhula iingxoxo zobuntwana kakhulu. ingxaki ekhulayo emsebenzini wakhe impikiswano "Lolita" ngokungangqalanga bachaphazeleka kancinane, kodwa usenalo indawo. Intombazana eselula, okanye mandithi, intombazana ukuzuza komntu okanye aphume umdla bengasebenzi ibona kufanelekile ukuba nolwalamano nomntu omdala - oku ngumlinganiswa umdla kakhulu, ngubani na mathidala ukuchaza Nabokov. wokuqala Lolita lakhe kubonakala kakhulu omsulwa, abazi nto malunga nomntwana ufakwa yokuhlukunyezwa akayiqondi loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, ngethuba imveliso umfundi ufunda ukuba Lolita ayikho simple, yaye ikhule phezulu kakhulu, ixesha elide kakhulu. Iyamangalisa indlela intombazana eselula onjalo ngokuzithemba Abazenzisi ndiziphatha umntu kufanelekile ukuba uyise. Mhlawumbi oku koko wasondela ophambili wakhe - umfazi omdala emzimbeni wentombazana engephi. Enye into ihlala icace: kwenzeke ntoni na Lolita, asikwazi ukubizwa nangayiphi na indlela ngaphandle ntlekele.

Ingxaki Ukuqulunqwa umlinganiswa kumsebenzi ihlelo Kipling

olungiswe kakhulu wachaza esi sihloko Rudyard Kipling yakhe "Jungle Book." umntu Subject abadala abachatshazelwa ngayo ngokungathi ndidlulayo; kodwa umbhali ubonakala ukukhokela iingxoxo kakhulu isigqibo. Ingxaki ekhulayo Mowgli nangona ithatha kuphela isahluko omnye kulo msebenzi, kodwa uba isiqalo esitsha le ncwadi. Ngqo ngenxa yokuba Mowgli iqalisa ukuba indoda ukuba nemizwa kubantu besini esahlukileyo, ungquzulwano yangaphandle kumsebenzi ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Ukuba Mowgli wayengazange waziva ngayo yokukhula kwaye wayengenamdla amantombazana, akwazi ukuphila ubomi ehlathini. Kodwa, Kakade, ngoko kwakungayi kuba ezifunyenweyo abafundi imisebenzi odidi, hayi nje ukuba kweefilim Studios zikamabonwakude ezahlukeneyo. Mowgli akabanga saba nako ukuhlala phakathi kwamalungu yangaphambili, intsapho yakhe yezilwanyana. , Baqonde Enoba romantic nayiphi na lo msebenzi umfundi uya kuqhubeka ukuba oku - ibali lobomi wonke umntu, idluliselwe ekwimo izafobe yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo engaqhelekanga. Ndandikhula, abantu bephuma zabo zone intuthuzelo, kwaye ngoko ke umphefumlo wakhe ekhala ngathi usana olusanda kuzalwa.