Yintoni ekukhuseleni izifo zamafa?

Ngoku yesilungu lifikelele nqanaba liphezulu. phambili ezithile ezibhalwe ekulweni nezifo njengelifa. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba indlela kubalulekile ukuphatha ezi zifo, lo ephambili luthintelo. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini: nokuthintela ukuvela izifo ezintsha kunye nokuthintela lokuzalwa abantwana kwiintsapho apho kukho iingxaki njengelifa. Abantu abaninzi bathi kubo zizifo bekhubazekile. Noko ke, phakathi kwawo kukho umahluko obalulekileyo. izifo bekhubazekile okubangelwa zizinto ezininzi. Ngaphandle iingxaki genetic sifo emalisebenze activators iimeko zangaphandle, ezifana sesichengeni leziyobisi, imitha, njl .. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, uthintelo kwezifo zamafa kufuneka inyanzelekile ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.

inani genetics

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba phambi kokuba benze kuthintelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ufumanise ukuba kukho ingxaki kwintsapho ethile. Ngokumalunga noku, kubaluleke kakhulu incamathela ufuzo. Ngokomzekelo, amalungu aliqela unit loluntu elasekwa ubukho izifo zamafa. Wandula ngoko wangena nomnye amalungu entsapho fail ukuba bapase iimviwo okhethekileyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuphawula abantu babe ukuthambekela kwesi sifo. Uthintelo ngexesha unyango lwezifo yemfuza kunisindisa kwiinkathazo kwixesha elizayo.

Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi abasebenza kwi isifundo ekwiiseli ukuthambekela izifo ezondeleyo. Ukuba konke kuhambe kakuhle, kuya kuba lula ukwenza iqela elithile yezigulane, kwaye baqalise ukuphumeza amanyathelo othintelo.

Le yokundwendwela zofuzo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, amayeza mihla ephuhlisa suku ngalunye. Oku kukwasebenza ekuthinteleni izifo zamafa. Iingcali ngoku ukucinga nzulu ukuze azise yokundwendwela yemfuza. Limela ingcaciso ebonisa imeko iqela marker kunye ngeso xa umntu othile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le projekthi sele kwangaphambili-ezivunyiweyo, kunye namazwe afana ne-USA ne Finland ukubeka kutyalo mali ukwenzela uphuhliso izimvo.

Ukuqaliswa kwe ipaspoti yemfuza kulinyathelo kakhulu kuphuhliso loxilongo kunye nokuthintelwa kwezifo zamafa. Ngapha koko, oku kusetyenziswa ukuqaphela ngokulula ukuthambekela kwizifo ukuqala ukujongana nayo.

Ubhaqo wayevuma ukuba isifo

Okokuqala, masithi ukuba intsapho nganye kufuneka esweni impilo kwaye ukwazi izifo zabo njengelifa. Ukuba abhale kakuhle kunye nocazululo nemvelaphi yakhe, unako ukubona yofuzo usapho ukuya isifo esithile. Emva koko, usebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela ziingcali zityhila ubukho loluthando yamalungu ngamnye oluntu sisifo cell.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, sivula zofuzo predisposing ukuya komzimba, iposi engabalulekanga, isifo seswekile, isifuba, umhlaza, izifo yamanina njalo njalo .. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha aphonononge amajoni omzimba yomguli aze ibhaqa ubukho yemfuza etshintshiweyo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba izifo ilifa kunye naso kunye nokuthintela kwabo - ngumbandela kunokuba nzima. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqala ukuqhuba isifundo ezininzi ezibanzi sinengcamango ngale ngxaki. uxilongo lwezonyango kufuneka luqhutywe kuphela ngemvume ngamnye, kwaye ingcali linyanzelekile ukuba ukugcina imfihlo ulwazi.

Ukuba iziphumo ingcali, kananjalo ngokwesivumelwano, ndikuthumele ukuba ugqirha wakho. Kwaye ngoko ke ugqirha uza kuqalisa umsebenzi ekuthinteleni izifo zamafa.

Types of ezingaqhelekanga ilifa

Njengaye nasiphi na isigulo, iye ukuhlelwa yayo. iingxaki ilifa ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. izifo Genetic. Esi sifo sisiphumo umonakalo DNA kwinqanaba yemfuza.
2. izifo Chromosomal. Le leengxaki livela ngokunxulumene nenani engalunganga zofuzo. Isifo luqhelekileyo ilifa olu hlobo Phantsi engqondweni.
3. Isifo kunye yofuzo. Ezi ziquka isifo seswekile, lwegazi, schizophrenia njalo njalo. D.

Ke ukuba iindlela zokuthintela kwezifo ilifa, kukho ezininzi kakhulu ngempumelelo, intetho leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Ukuchongwa kwesi sifo phambi kokuzalwa komntwana

Okwangoku, izifundo ezinjalo kakuhle kakhulu. Oku kungenxa kusungulo iindlela ezintsha kokuxilongwa siswini. Ngezi ndlela kwaba lula ukuba bacetyiswa ukuba abantwana entsatsheni, yaye isisu. Ngaphandle amanyathelo kakhulu ayikwazi ukukwenza; ngokuba ekufumanekeni kwezifo zamafa kufuneka zithathwe. Kungenjalo, usenokuba meko unsolvable, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kwintlekele.

Xa isigulo siswini uyakwazi ukuchaza nesiphumo ukukhulelwa kunye ngezifo ethile. Ekwenzeni uphononongo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye okuba kakhulu ukufumanisa iingxaki kuphuhliso ezingekazalwa yaye malunga namakhulu amahlanu izifo njengelifa.

Isizathu sokuba ekuqaleni Uxilongo ube:

• ukuchongwa yesifo ethile ekhaya;
• izifo ezithile ngabazali okanye nje unina zombini;
• yobudala eli bhinqa (35 iminyaka).

Iindlela isifo siswini

Amanyathelo ngezifo zofuzo ziquka prophylaxis kunye neendlela ubhaqo siswini kwezifo. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi:

1. Amniocentesis. kubume bayo siyifumana nezokukhupha fluid. Le nkqubo olwenziwe yokumitha ngeveki-20 nge okuhlatywa eludongeni esiswini.
2. Horionbiopsiya. Le ndlela kukufumana inyama chorionic. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe ngaphambili, oko kukuthi xa kwiiveki 8-9 sokukhulelwa. Isiphumo kuzuzwa okuhlatywa kodonga esiswini okanye ukufikelela kwi wesibeleko.
3. Platsentotsentez. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ufumane villi ngumkhaya. Le ndlela iyasetyenziswa nangaliphi na ixesha ukukhulelwa. Njengoko kwiimeko ezidlulileyo, lo villi unokufumana yi okuhlatywa eludongeni esiswini.
4. Cordocentesis. Iingcali ukuchonga le ndlela njengoko kakhulu. umongo wayo ukufumana igazi zihlaba imfesane yosana. Indlela esetyenziswa yi kwiiveki 24-25 sokukhulelwa.

Uhlolisiso abasetyhini abakhulelweyo

Uxilongo, uthintelo kunye nonyango kwezifo njengelifa abantwana abakhubazekileyo ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa ukuhluza abasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Le nkqubo oluqhutywa amanyathelo ezimbini: Ubhaqo protein igazi ultrasonography ezingekazalwa.

Eyokuqala imveliso obstetrician inkqubo okanye gynecologists abo abafanelekayo yaye izixhobo eziyimfuneko. inqanaba protein lukhangelwe kabini: kwiiveki 16 no-23 zokukhulelwa.

Inqanaba lesibini liyimfuneko kuphela xa ubonisa kukho urhano ubukho iingxaki usana olungekazalwa. Uviwo ultrasound kwenziwa kakuhle kumaziko. Emva koko, ngeengcebiso ngezemvelo lwenziwa ngokwesiseko apho indlela loxilongo siswini ikhethiwe. Emva kokuba zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko ziza kugqitywa, ziyahlelwa ukumitha kwakho kuya isigqibo ziingcali.

Uviwo lwe umntwana osanda

Yintoni ekukhuseleni izifo zamafa? Lo mbuzo ucelwa ngabantu abaninzi, kuba becinga ukuba makangathintelwa, kodwa azilunganga. Xa isifo ngexesha unyango lwezifo zamafa ayiyi kunika ezinobuzaza ezinokukhokelela ekufeni.

Nokuxilongwa - kakhulu indlela ethandwa kwaye olusebenzayo ekufumanekeni esi sifo. inani elikhulu leenkqubo zaphuhliswa. Zinceda ukwenza uphando umfanekiso pre-kwezonyango ezinye izifo. Kufuneka ube nendawo ukuba, ukuba esi sifo kuba nzima. Emva koko, kwimeko ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo, esi sifo zinokunyangeka.

In Russia namhlanje kukho mkhuba. Kwezinye iikliniki ziye zasebenzisa iinkqubo zokuxilonga kunye nonyango lwe hypothyroidism kunye phenylketonuria. Njengovavanyo, igazi yesabatha, ivela koonyana kwiintsuku 5-6 yobomi. Abo Ulwaphulo siyahambelana umngcipheko ethile. abantwana abanjalo ekuyaleleni, ngalo kunciphisa kakhulu ithuba iingxaki.

genetic counselling

ngeengcebiso ngezemvelo i uncedo lwezonyango ezizodwa ezijolise ekuthinteleni ukuzalwa abantwana abagulayo. izifo zofuzo yabantu kunye nothintelo wabo indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwezinye izifo. Ngapha koko, sithetha abantwana kananjalo idaliweyo.

Le ntuthuzelo nengcebiso kungenziwa kuphela zeengcali abaneziqinisekiso kakhulu kwinkalo yemfuza. Le ndlela ugqibelele ukuthintela ukuzalwa abantwana izifo amafa ukuba nzima ukunyanga. Injongo nasekucetyisweni ukumisela ingozi yokuba umntwana ozelwe sisifo njengelifa. Kwakhona, ugqirha kufuneka achaze ukubaluleka kwale nkqubo kubazali nokuncedisa kwi sigqibo.

Izizathu ingcebiso

Uthintelo kwezifo zamafa kuphuhliswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu Bulelani iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuchule. ngeengcebiso ngezemvelo lwenziwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Umntwana ozalwa iingxaki zophuhliso bekhubazekile;
• zidale okanye yokuseka isifo ilifa ekhaya;
• imitshato phakathi izihlobo;
• ukuba kubekho iimeko isisu okanye ifile;
• ubudala umfazi omithiyo (iminyaka 35);
• ukukhulelwa kunzima kunye iingxaki.

Ugqirha kuthatha uxanduva olukhulu xa enika iingcebiso, apho isilumkiso ukuzalwa ezinesiphene umntwana, sanga singabamiselwe ukubandezeleka emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba isekelwe amava kunye izibalo ngqo lilonke lokugula lokuzalwa komntwana.

isiphelo

Kudla kukho amaxesha apho abazali besoyika ukuba azale umntwana lokugula abavumi ukwenza oko. Olu loyiko azisoloko kugwetyelwa, kwaye ukuba ugqirha a nga ukubenza kubo, kuba intsapho esempilweni nga ha endleka.

Uthintelo izifo zamafa iqala kwi-ofisi kagqirha. Emva kokuqhuba lweengcali uphando eziyimfuneko kufuneka achaze zonke bokuqonda ngabazali babo, phambi kokuba bathathe isigqibo sokugqibela. Enoba kunjalo, kwaba njalo kubo ilizwi lokugqibela. Ugqirha, nayo, kufuneka benze konke okusemandleni ukunceda umntwana azalwe esempilweni kunye nokuseka intsapho esempilweni.