YaMandulo Japan: inkcubeko kunye namasiko kwiziqithi

Japan yamandulo - yinto umaleko ngokulandelelana, abanye abaphengululi babhale nomhla III. BC - kwekhulu III. BC, kodwa ezinye abaphengululi uthambekele kuqhubeka de kube IX. BC Njengoko ubona, inkqubo ukuvela sokumiswa kwi Japanese kwiziqithi podzaderzhalsya, kwaye isithuba izikumkani bamandulo kunokuba ngokukhawuleza indawo inkqubo feudal. Oku kube ngenxa bodwa geographical lencinibakazi, yaye nangona abantu sahlala omnye kwiminyaka 17 engamawaka eyadlulayo, ngenxa nemisinga ziye-nqapha kakhulu. Kuphela BC ngenkulungwane V apha baqale balime ilizwe, kodwa le nkampani iyaqhubeka ukuba yesizwe.

Japan yamandulo washiya ngasemva izinto encinane kakhulu kwaye bubungqina obubhaliweyo. Okokuqala kukhankanyiwe yemihla kwiziqithi bangamalungu amaTshayina kunye nomhla ukususela ekuqaleni xesha lethu. Ukuze phezulu VIII ngo. BC ke umlando yokuqala Japanese "Kojiki" yaye "Nihongi" xa obala iinkokheli yezizwe Yamato kwabakho imfuneko engxamisekileyo zokuzigwebela amandulo, ezingcwele ngoko, imvelaphi ubukhosi bawo. Ngoko ke zemihla ziqulathe iintsomi ezininzi, amabali kunye neentsomi, ezazimanyene ngokumangalisayo kunye neziganeko yokwenene.

Ekuqaleni nganye ingxelo ichaza imbali lokusekwa lencinibakazi. "Ubudala oothixo", ixesha elidlulileyo abantu, owazala Godman Jimmu, owaba ngukhokho Yamato ubukhosi. Ukunqulwa izinyanya, nto leyo iye yagcinwa kwiziqithi kunye nenkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu, kunye neenkolelo zonqulo omtsha uthixokazi ilanga Iinkwenkwezi Amaterasu baba isiseko Shinto. Kwakhona Japan yamandulo abazibiza kwaye yonke totemism, ukukholelwa, fetishism kunye umlingo, ngokunjalo yonke imibutho yezolimo, ngenxa yobomi apho iimeko zemozulu wawunesisa ukuba isivuno.

Bamalunga nama-II. BC Japan yamandulo uqalisa ukwakha ubuhlobo obusenyongweni China. Ifuthe ummelwane ephuhliswe nangakumbi iyonke: uqoqosho, inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo. Le IV-V eminyaka kubonakala ukubhala - Kakade, hieroglyphical. Launch urhwebo entsha, ukufumana ulwazi olutsha malunga ngeenkwenkwezi, zobunjineli. China ingangena waya kummandla kwiziqithi nobuConfucius nobuBhuda. Oku kudala revolution ngokwenene inkcubeko. Kubalulekile ingakumbi ifuthe obuBhuda phezu nomqondo oluntu: inkolelo yokuba ekufuduselweni lemiphefumlo khawuleza yokubola kwenkqubo yezizwe.

Kodwa ke nangona noludumileyo okubalulekileyo China, Japan yamandulo, apho inkcubeko ngokukodwa phantsi kweempembelelo ummelwane, wahlala ilizwe unspoilt. Nkqu inkqubo yezopolitiko bungenjengezolo iimpawu ezendeleyo e China yamandulo. nkqu V kwi yokuma koluntu. BC indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ngabadala generic kunye neenkokheli, kunye neklasi engundoqo abalimi simahla. Amakhoboka abazange ngokwaneleyo - eli 'amakhoboka zasekhaya "iintsapho abalimi. inkqubo khoboka Classic wayengazange ixesha ukuvela kwi ziqithi, njengoko ubudlelwane zesizwe endaweni feudalism ngokukhawuleza.

Japan, amasiko izithethe ezinento yokwenza ubuConfucius nobuBhuda, wanika eninzi ezikhumbuzo yokwakha izakhiwo zonqulo. Ezi izakhiwo tempile zeengqukuva yamandulo Nara kunye Heian (Kyoto yanamhlanje). Ingakumbi wabulala ubuchule bakhe kunye nokuphelela ensembles Naik engcwele esisi- (III c.) Izumo (550) kwaye Nara Horyudzi (607). Le ukuziqambela inkcubeko Japanese kangangoko kunokwenzeka esibonakaliswa imisebenzi boncwadi. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu eli xesha - "Manosyu» (VIII c.) - a anthology enkulu ezine ezinesiqingatha amawaka imibongo.