Vasily Katchalov - phambili zolinganiso le Moscow Art Theatre

Nomdlali Vasily Kachalov eyaziwa kwihlabathi yeqonga kwakunye uLeonardo da Vinci kweli hlabathi zobugcisa. Ke kuthwelwe yonke kukuba namhlanje esiyibiza umzobi onesiphiwo Soviet. Figure iincwadi, akazange wafunda ebambeleyo nganye, sinandipha -ngenxa eyothusayo ebukekayo.

ziimbaxa

11.02.1875, e Vilna (Vilnius mihla) usapho umbingeleli Ioanna Shverubovicha, umphathi we Orthodox, unyana wesithathu wazalwa. Yaba Vasiliy Kachalov. Biography nomdlali ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha V. Ya. Vilenkinym, owathetha malunga igcisa elizayo brilliant yomntwana. wafika uyise evela iindwalutho Belarusian, unina Polish kunye neengcambu Lithuanian. Intsapho yabamba imfundo yesikolo ngqwabalala, umntwana ka Basil akatswe ukuba iziphene. Ukongezelela abazalwana ababini abadala, umahluko yobudala uminyaka 10-15 kamva, amantombazana amabini bazalwa: Sonya kunye Sasa. Baye ngabahlolokazi kwangethuba yaye kuye kwiminyaka engama-26 edlulileyo phantsi kogcino V. Kachalov, apho babehlala kunye.

Inkwenkwe wafumana imfundo esemagqabini kwi 1st Igrama School, leyo ngaxeshanye izidanga F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Baphenjelelwa uyise lowo wenziwe inkonzo kunye nobuciko olukhulu bokubanga ilizwi lakhe, yakhwela ukuya yikhabhinethi kwaye wenza declamation. udumo kakhulu kuye wenza ukusebenza "Le demon" vilnenskogo yemiboniso, wazimisela ndlela aphila ngayo. Xa igrama yokulala yesikolo ndawo, yena, ukuba ibanga lesithandathu, wenza bt yakhe indima jikelele umhloli, ngoko nangoko waba indumasi yasekuhlaleni. Kwaye ke kukho indima kunye Nozdryov Podkolosina, inkanuko ngokwenene yokubonela yasekuhlaleni. Noko ke, lo mfana wahamba ukuyenza eSt Petersburg University emanyathelweni umzalwana wakhe omkhulu Anastas, ngokubonisa ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ufundile. Vasiliy Ivanovich Kachalov ukushiya ikhaya yabazali 1894-m.

Qala umsebenzi omele

Ukubhalisa esikolweni mthetho, lo mfana nangoko siba-nxaxheba kwiqela weqonga i nangokungqameneyo ochitha lonke ixesha lakhe Alexandria Theatre. Ngengcebiso umdlali M. I. Pisareva linyibilikisiwe njengoko Valero Moliere "I itshivela" kwiholo encinane (kwayala yi E. Karpov), ethabathe nentsikelelo kweqonga kunye nokunakana italente ekhoyo. Dramatics Vasiliy Kachalov (photo eselula linikwa kwi nqaku) Ndiye ndafunda ukuba umdlali omkhulu V. N. Davydova, owakukhupha ngexesha yeqonga mfundi club. impumelelo yakhe yokuqala indima Neschastlivtseva (AI Ostrovsky "Ihlathi"), nto leyo 1895 thaca kuluntu. Kuduma VN Davydov beza kunye italente entsha.

Kwi-21, lo mfana sele ekubeni umdlali oqeqeshiweyo Suvorinsky yemidlalo iholo engange-50. Xa ufaka isivumelwano A. S. Suvorin Kucetyiswa ukutshintsha igama Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich ivumelane ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke umdlali kwabonakala isiteketiso apho waziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Umfana odityanisiweyo ngempumelelo umsebenzi yakhe njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo kunye kwezemfundo, nangona ubuchule kunye bohemian ubomi lalinazo ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa indima kunye Suvorin (wayedlala 35) baba comedy kuphela nesimilo vaudeville, njalo kwi icebiso V. N. Davydova nomdlali uya kwiphondo, ewushiya eyunivesithi emva kweminyaka emine yokufunda.

wePhondo ngexesha

Xa Umrhwebi onesiphiwo M. M. Borodayu, iminyaka 2 neenyanga ezi-6 ka Vasily Katchalov edlalwa izixeko ezibini, ethetha e Saratov kunye Kazan. Yena luyixhalabele umsebenzi, ukudlala ngeli xesha malunga nemisebenzi 250. 23, wadala umfanekiso Cassius e kaShakespeare "Yulii Tsezare," bemdumisa linye. Ababukeli hit ukubonakala umdlali: ukukhula liphezulu (185 cm), waba kakhulu angamarhoqorhoqo, libunile, kodwa ngokugqibeleleyo kakuhle umzimba. Nomdlali athathe inxaxheba ngezandla emangalisayo elide uhlobo Walatha ngophakathi wakhe. Kodwa ubutyebi eliyinhloko ilizwi lakhe enomtsalane. Baritone Sonorous ngokoqobo bathakathiwe ehleli eholweni.

Emva indima Shakhovsky lihle kakhulu kwi "uKumkani Fyodor" kwaye adale kwi ikomkhulu Moscow Art Theatre (1898), waqalisa Ndinephupha stage enkulu. E Kazan, wadibana umfazi wakhe elizayo, umdlali Nina Litovtseva (Levestam), ngubani wayengumfundi Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. ekugqibeleni uzimisele ukuhamba eMoscow.

Ukuvela Art Theatre

Ekufikeni ngoFebruwari 1900 kwi- Moscow Art Theatre Kachalov kwafuneka ubonakale Stanislavski. It wakhethwa njengoko imeko apho kwakufuneka kuvela yanjalo imifanekiso ezimbini: Boris Godunov kunye Ivana Groznogo. izitampu zaphumela kweli phondo ziye zaba negalelo elibi - kumboniso lamoyisa umphelo. Vasily Katchalov akazange anikezele kwaye iqhubeka yonke imihla yokubonela, ndibukele mdlalo we abadlali ezibalaseleyo ixesha. Ngokubeka belungiselela "Snow Ntombazana", kodwa akukho namnye wamelana Berendey indima. Stanislavski wagqiba ukunika lo mfundi zolinganiso elinye ithuba kwaye phutha.

Emva kokuba uzilungiselela wawamkela Kachalov, wenza umsebenzi omkhulu phezu wena kunye neemfuno ngobanjiso abaphathi yeqonga yokuluka. bt lobungangamsha ngoSeptemba 1900, ebonisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo phambi omdlali. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ezibalaseleyo:

• Baron indima mdlalo "ezinzulwini Lower", leyo Gorky wathi uncoma.
• Caesar kulo mdlalo eponymous yi William Shakespeare.
• Iindima kule midlalo ye A. P. chehova "I-Cherry Orchard" (Trofimov) kunye "Odade abathathu" (TUZENBACH).

peak career

Le mpumelelo weza Vasily Ivanovich ngo-1905, yaye de kube revolution eMoscow kuya kuba njalo uthando kunye naye, ukuze intombazana iya engozini eninzi imali ngokuthengisa izinto ngubo yakhe, ezingelwa kubalandeli ezininzi. Abongile S. Solovyov wayeza makabize "Ukumkani siseko girlish", yaye abaphulaphuli baya kwazi yonke imisebenzi yakhe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kwimeko nganye wayibeka ukuqonda ngayo ubuntu hero, benikela elingalindelekanga, kodwa nokutyhilwa ukubandezeleka. Ngoko ke, wayepeyinta umfanekiso eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo amanene Danish, abhukuqe le kwinqwanqwa apho abe enyuka ngazo ukuya kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ibonisa nentlekele Hamlet iingxabano ngokweemvakalelo: ukuqonda nokungafezeki ubomi futhi singenamandla ukuyitshintsha nto kuyo (1911).

Glumova ukudlala A. I. Ostrovskogo yadlala avezwe kunye careerist. Vasily Katchalov uya kunikela inkunzi ukutyhilwa entsha yomfanekiso, apho uya kuthi zinetalente isigqebelo, kuba kuye bonke ubomi - umdlalo. Kwaye kule game, ufuna ukuba abe winner (1910). Indima Ivana Karamazova (F. M. Dostoevsky) - omnye wemisebenzi enzima eqongeni. Ngenye imini ukuwudlala, umdlali uya kusebenzisa omnye esembindini iikonsathi, ukuveza nge Karamazov ukuqonda kwehlabathi (ngowe-1910). Kamva wavuma ukuba wayemthanda Karamazov ekuvukeleni kuThixo nokholo kumandla engqiqo. Oku bebasa naye nokuba ukutshatyalaliswa uTshawe, leyo ke wabagwebelayo ukunxanelwa emangalisayo ubomi.

tour

Yi revolution sengqondo V. I. Kachalova waba kufikwa. Kwelinye icala, ukuba wayeqhelene revolution UNikolai Bauman kunye intlanganiso ingqalelo kunye naye enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini, kwelinye - unyana wakhe Vadim wayesilwa White Army. Ukususela ngowe-1919, wayiqhubela yinxalenye qembu wahamba tour kumazantsi eli lizwe. Imfazwe banyazelisa abadlali ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo, kwaye uhambo lwabo baqhubeka eYurophu, Sofia, Prague, Berlin, Zagreb, Paris. West ihlombe italente baseRashiya, yaye Kachalov Vasiliy Ivanovich wadlala iikonsathi ngakumbi okwesihlandlo sokuqala becengceleza "AmaSkitiya" Blok. Man imfundo kuyamangalisa, wayefunda uHomer in Greek kunye Horace - in Latin.

Akuxhome ikhefu encinane, qembu uthunyelwa uhambo entsha, ekuqhubeni ukhenketho US, eyaqala ukukhenketha umdlalo "Tsar Fyodor" ngempumelelo. Xa intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwidolophana German, kunye K. S. Stanislavsky woyika ukuba abadlali abaninzi akayi kubuya ukusuka kutyelelo. Wathumela incwadi umeme i qembu ubuthe kwindawo yokubonela. Ngo-Agasti 1924 i-V.Kachalov wokuqala babuyela eMoscow.

impilo Personal

In Vasily Kachalov lwazinyaswa iindwalutho kunye umda, kodwa ngaxeshanye, ububele namnqweno ukucaphukisa abantu. Wayekuthanda ukuba baxoxe, indalo, uhamba elide kunye isidlo kunye ubumnandi amalungiselelo nabo ekhaya. egumbini lakhe kubekho inani elikhulu ubuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ekwakukho phakathi Sergei Yesenin. Wenza abahlobo kunye nomnini Doberman ogama Jim, wabhala umbongo elihle "I ukuzingela of Kachalov".

Ukususela-1900 de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe Vasily Katchalov wayetshate Nina Nikolayevna, owathi washiywa usisiqhwala emva kokugula kwaye kuvela eqongeni. Wanceda ukuba enze ziqondisa. Ngokugqiba iminyaka engama-50 uNicholas Ndandidlala kulo mdlalo malunga Decembrists, ubambe umfazi wakhe. Kuthiwa nguye inani elikhulu kweenoveli, kuquka ulwalamano lwexesha elide kunye actress, umfazi nendoda enkulu. Kodwa akazange ashiye usapho, kuyo onothando kuphela, unyana Vadim.

Yena ngesisa wanika ngokwakho abantu ngonaphakade ekudumiseni ndawo. Ukongeza imisebenzi, waqhuba ikonsathi grand, eshiya ngasemva inani elikhulu yeengxelo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Ngowe-1928, yena obekade the cwaka film "I-White Eagle" (kwayala yi J. Protazanov). Ngexesha bhanya ye "Indlela Esa Kubomi" (1931) nto siyiphathisiweyo imibongo malunga abantwana abangenamakhaya ufunda naye, ukudala isimo mfanekiso. Urhulumente sele Kuqikelelwa ubuhle bayo isikhundla Artist Abantu ngayo USSR (1936).

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, nto leyo kubanjelwa ngobungxamo, ukusa kwinqanaba le-Art Theatre zolinganiso kuphinda aphume. indima yakhe yokugqibela ebalulekileyo Bardin phezu umdlalo ngu Mxim Gorky "iintshaba." Waye wagula seswekile, kodwa waqhubeka inxaxheba ukuvavanywa kunye neenkqubo ekonsathini. 9/30/1948 emva kweminyaka engama-50 ndikhonza Melpomene wasweleka Vasily Katchalov. biography emfutshane akavumi umntu ukugqithisa isikali kukho umdlali enkulu, nangononophelo ukuba uyakwazi ukuthetha ekupheleni kwalo lonke ixesha yeqonga.