URichard Linklater, umlawuli we-American cinema ozimele. Iiprojekthi eziPhambili

URichard Linklater ungumlawuli wefilimu ozimele waseMerika. Iimbini ezikhethiweyo ze-Oscar kwinqanaba elithi "Best Screenplay", kwiifilimu "Ngaphambi kweSatset" (ebekwe ngo-2004) kunye ne "Ngaphambi kobusuku bobusuku" (eyenziwe ngo-2013). Kwakhona ungumvuzo wecandelo lefilimu eBerlin njengomsebenzi womlawuli ongcono - ifilimu ethi "Otrokosty" kunye "Ngaphambi kweDawn." Ngexesha lesithathu wonyulwa ngo-Oscar ngo-2014 kwifilimu ephumelele kakhulu kwimisebenzi yakhe - "Otrobychestvo."

URichard Linklater, i-biography

Umlawuli wazalwa ngo-1960, ngo-Julayi 30, e-Houston, eTexas. Ubuntwana bakhe buchithe kwi-estate yegogo nomkhulu wakhe kumgca womama. Emva kwesikolo, wabhalisa kwiSebe leYunivesithi laseHouston, enenjongo yokuba umbhali. Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwemali kuye kwanyanzelisa loo mfana ukuba ashiye izifundo zakhe aze athole umsebenzi kwiqonga leenkampani zeoli yeMexico. Yonke ixesha lakhe lokungcebeleka uRichard Linklater ozinikele ekufundeni iincwadi.

Ngeminyaka engamashumi amabini, umlawuli wexesha elizayo waba nomdla kwi-cinema. Ngesinye isikhathi esetyenzisiweyo, wayenomdla ngomoya wobume bokudala. Kungekudala uRichard Linklater wanquma ukunikela ubomi bakhe kwi-cinema, wathenga ikhamera ye-Super-8 ikhamera, iprojekter kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuhlela. Emva koko wathuthela kwisixeko sase-Austin, kuba kukho ikholeji yokulungiselela abenzi bamabonakude beemifanekiso.

Msebenzi wo kuqala

I-Linklater yayisishukumiso esinzulu kwifilimu yaseMartin Scorsese ethi "Raging Bull" ngowe-1981, echaza ngemfazwe ngaphandle kwemithetho kunye ne-mafia yokulawula ukhuphiswano. Emva kokujonga ifilimu ngezihlandlo ezingapheliyo, uRichard Linklater wagqiba ekubeni kuyimfuneko ukubeka iifrimu ezinjalo ezithatha isenzo esenza umbukeli angaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukongezelela, umlawuli wexesha elizayo waqonda ukuba kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwisiseko sezinto zeprojekthi yefilimu.

Emva kweenyanga ezili-mvavanyo zobugcisa befilimu, i-Linklater yaqala ukudala ifilimu yakhe yokuqala, eyayibiza ngokuthi "Akunakwenzeka ukufunda ukulima xa ufunda iincwadi." Ukufowunwa bekudlulileyo ngaphezu konyaka, kwaye imali elinganayo isetyenziswe kumsebenzi wofakelo. Ifilimu ayifumananga okhethekileyo kwibhokisi yeofisi, ngaphezu koko, iifowuni zeofisi zebhokisi azihlawulwanga iindleko.

Iprojekthi yokuqala eyimpumelelo

Ifilimu elandelayo, i-Linklater, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Bezdelnik" yayiphumelele kakhulu, nangona ibhajethi yayo yayingama-23,000 eedola. Ifilimu yazinikezelwa kubahlali base-Austin kwaye yayithetha ngobomi babo ngolunye usuku. Ifilimu yakhanga umdla wabagxeki, wonyulwa kwi-Grand Prix kwiSundance.

Ngomnyaka we-1993, uRichard Linklater washiya ifilimu yakhe yesibili, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "Ngaphantsi kweengxabano." Eli xesha uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi yefilimu lufikelela kwizigidigidi zeedola. Kwinqanaba leqhinga liqela labafundi besikolo ezivela kwiintsapho ezizityebi ngomhla wokugqibela wezifundo zabo ngo-1976. Kwifilimu, abadlali abancinane abaziwayo uMilla Jovovich noBen Affleck badutshulwa. Umlawuli kunye nalo mfilimu unqamle kwizithuba zomhla omnye.

Isalathiso ngokuqhubeka

Ngo-1995, i-Linklater yenze ifilimu yokuqala kwi-trilogy eyaziwayo, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "Ngaphambi koKusasa." UmMerika, umfundi kaJess, uya eVienna ukuba ahambe apho aye eUnited States. UCeline, ongumfazi ongumFrentshi, uya kuhamba esuka eVienna waya eFransi, angene eS Sorbonne. Umfana ucebisa ukuba ahlale eVienna, esinye sezixeko ezinothando kakhulu kwihlabathi, kwaye asebenzise ubusuku kunye nobusuku ndawonye. Iindima eziphambili zidlalwa nguJulie Delpie noEthan Hawke.

Ukuze ifilimu "Ngaphambi kwe-Dawn" i-Linklater yanikezelwa "iSirve Bear", eyayikelwa kwi-Berlin Film Festival.

Ngo-2004, inxalenye yesibini ye-trilogy "Ngaphambi kweSerset" yakhululwa, apho abalinganiswa abafanayo bahlangana khona kwiminyaka elithoba. Kwaye ekugqibeleni kwifilimu yesithathu, "Ngaphambi kobusuku bobusuku", eqoshwe ngo-2013, isibini esinezingane ezimbini.

Umqondisi wayekufuna uphando oluqhubekayo, kwaye ngo-1998 wagqiba ekubeni enze ifilimu ehlobo lwe-classic entshonalanga kunye nokuphanga kwebhanki. "Abazalwana bakaNewton" - okubizwa ngokuba yiprojekti yefilimu, echazela malunga nabantu abane abaselula abaye bathetha ukuphucula imicimbi yabo. Abantu abaselula baqalisa ukuphanga amaziko ezezimali eMelika naseKhanada. Iindima zenziwa nguEthan Hawke, uSkeet Ulrich, uMathem McConaughey noVincent De Onofrio.

Iindlela ezintsha

Iifilimu ezimbini ezilandelayo zathathwa nguRichard Linklater ngo-2001. Kwakuyi "Lenta" kwaye "Ukuvuswa koBomi" - iifilimu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, ekugqibeleni, umlawuli usetyenzise iindlela ezintsha ze-rotoscoping, ezinika i-hue ehloniphekileyo kwisicatshulwa ngasinye. Uhlobo olufanayo u-Linklether wasebenzisa kwimveliso yefilimu ethi "Ukudideka" ngo-2006 kunye noKeanu Reeves, Woody Harrelson noWinona Ryder.

Ngonyaka ka-2003, uRichard Linklater, oomabhayisikobho abhenkce ababukeli abaninzi nangaphezulu, wenza i-comedy "iSikole seRwala". Inkwenkwezi yiJack Black no-Joan Cusack.

Ngo-2006, umlawuli ukhethwe ngu-Oscar kuMsebenzi oLungileyo kuMlawuli kwifilimu Ngaphambi kwe-Sunset. Kwaye ngaloo nyaka wakhulula umfanekiso "wesizwe sokutya okukhawuleza", ingqungquthela yeskrini yencwadana ka-Eric Schlosser malunga neengozi zokutya okusheshayo e-US. Ifilimu yonyulwe kwi- "Golden Palm Tree" kwi-Cannes Film Festival.

Okwangoku, umlawuli uRichard Linklater, oomfanekiso wefilimu uquka amafilimu angaphezu kwama-20 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo, usebenza kwiskripthi seprojekthi yakhe yefilimu ezayo.