UP. Tchaikovsky - iminyaka yobomi. Iminyaka yobomi bukaTchaikovsky eKlin

UTchaikovsky, mhlawumbi, nguyena umqambi ophumeleleyo kwihlabathi lonke. Umculo wakhe uvakale kwiindawo zonke zeplanethi. U-Tchaikovsky akayena nje umqambi onetalente, ungobuchule obunobuntu obunempumelelo obudibanisa neetalente zikaThixo ezinamandla angenziwanga. Nguye owamenza wajika kubantu kwakhona. Wakhetha ukuthetha nabo ngolwimi lomculo ongafiyo. Namhlanje, emva kwekhulu leminyaka, abaninzi bayazi iingoma zabo ngentliziyo. 11 ii-ballet ezi-3, iingoma ezi-9 kwiimveliso zengxubevange, ii-symphonies ezi-7, ama-suites ama-5, ii-11 zeemakhonsathi, imisebenzi emininzi yee-orchestral kunye ne-opuses-kwaye olu luhlu olungaphelelanga lwemisebenzi yakhe. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba uTchaikovsky uphile ubomi obude. Ngaphandle kwabafundi bezikolo zomculo abazi umhla wokuzalwa komqambi omkhulu, kwisicelo sootitshala "cacisa iminyaka yobomi bukaP. Tchaikovsky," ngokuphindaphindiweyo uphendule i-1840-1920 okanye ngo-1930. Akukho mntu unokucinga ukuba ubomi bomqambi omkhulu bufutshane. Wafa eneminyaka engama-53 ukusuka kwikholera.

Biography: kwiminyaka yokuqala. Ingqikithi yemvelaphi yegama

Umqambi ovelele waseRussia uPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wazalwa ngowe-1840 ngenyanga kaMeyi kwidolophu yaseOrtkinsk edolophana. Uyise - u-Ilya Petrovich wayengumqhubi wezolimo. Kukho inkcazelo yokuba oomkholi bomculo omkhulu kumgca wobazali base-Ukraine. Intsapho yaseTchaikovsky idlulela kwisizukulwana esizukulwaneni isiqalo malunga nemvelaphi yegama labo losapho. Omnye ookhokho bakhe - u-Cossack uEmelyan-wayevelele ngendlebe emnandi yomculo kwaye wakwazi ukuxelisa amazwi eentaka. Xa wayehamba ngomkhumbi, wawaxelisa amazwi eenkumbi, kwaye kungekudala umhlambi wonke wawulandela umkhumbi, kwaye ngexesha leqhwithi le ntaka zanceda inqanawa ibhukuda ngokukhawuleza elunxwemeni. Kungenxa yoko, uKossack uEmelyan wathola isiteketiso "i-Seagull", eyayibizwa ngokuba yintsapho.

Iminyaka yobomi bukaPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: ixesha lokuqala

Kwintsapho ka-Ilya Petrovich kwakukho abantwana abasixhenxe, abahlanu babo babengamadodana kunye neentombi ezimbini. UTchaikovsky wayephila ngokuchuma ngokupheleleyo, kuba uyise wentsapho wayeyindoda efanelekileyo kwaye enye yezona zinkulu ezinkulu zaseRashiya. Ngelo xesha wayemthanda kakhulu ubugcisa, wayevame ukutyelela iitereyitha, wayethandana nemidanso aze adlale isandi somlilo. Umama wentsapho AA. I-Assier, yayinzala yeFrench-German. Wayengumzekelo oyinyaniso womfazi wesifazana phakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka. U-Alexandra Andreevna, njengendoda yakhe, wayengenandaba nezobugcisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kusihlwa wayedlala ipiyano waza wavuma iingxolo zakhe. Ngamafutshane, iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bukaPeter Tchaikovsky yenzeka kwindawo yokunqula umculo. Kwindlu yabo, ngaphandle kweyona piano enomthandayo omkhulu, kwakukho ne-orchestra. Wanikele inxaxheba kumbono wokuqala womculo oyimfuneko. Ukongeza, i-intelligentsia yengingqi yayivame ukufika endlwini yabo ukuphulaphula i-orchestra, ukudansa nokudlala umculo. Ngaloo ndlela, indlu kaTchaikovsky yaqalisa ukujongwa njengengingqi yeVotkin intelligentsia, kwaye kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bukaTchaikovsky ye-P.I yaphuma kwindawo yokubandakanya umculo.

Amanyathelo okuqala

UTchaikovsky, sele engumqambi, ekhumbule ebuntwaneni bakhe, wavuma ukuba nangaphandle uvile umculo. Wayehlala evakala entloko. Ekuqaleni, kwabonakala ngathi wayemlandela, kwaye kwakunzima kuye. Ngenxa yokuba wayengenako ukurekhoda iingoma ezivakala entloko yakhe, le nkwenkwana yafika yathemba yaye yaqala ukukhala. Ngokwemvelo ukukhathazeka ngabazali bakhe. U-Petya omncinane waqala ukuxelisa ipiyano edlala kuyo nayiphi na into ephathekayo. Emva kokuba "adlala" kwi-glass surface, impembelelo yeminwe yakhe yayinamandla kangangokuba igilazi yaphuka, kwaye isandla sakhe saphenduka ngokukhawuleza ... Ngokukhawuleza abazali bakhe banquma ukumema uPetros kumfundisi wepayili kunye negama elimnandi uPalchikova. Wayeyi-serf yangaphambili kunye nokuzifundisa. Kungekudala le nkwenkwe yakwazi ukufumana uthisha wayo kwaye yaqala ukudlala isixhobo ngokucwangcisa. Ngubani na onokuqikelela ukuba u-Petya omncinci - umfundi we-serf ozifundisayo-kungekudala uza kuba ngumnye wabaqambi ababalaseleyo kwimbali yomculo weklasi, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ihlabathi lonke liya kuliwa igama lakhe - uPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuqala, yayigcwele imifanekiso yomculo, eyabangela ukuba abe ngumqambi.

Umsebenzi wokuqala

Nangona nje inkwenkwana, wazama ukuqamba umculo. Umsebenzi wokuqala weTchaikovsky, wehlela kuthi - i-waltz encinci ye-piano "uAnastasia Waltz", awayekezela ngayo utitshala wakhe uAnastasia. Lo msebenzi wabhala ngexesha elineminyaka elinesine. Nangona le nkwenkwe yayifuna ukufakazela ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwihlabathi lomculo ngamandla akhe onke, abazali bakhe banquma ukuba kufuneka bafumane imfundo esemthethweni. Kodwa oku, akuzange kumthinte ekubeni ngumqambi, kwaye ihlabathi lafunda ngubani uTchaikovsky. Iminyaka yobomi bomqambi kwithuba elincinci libeke uhlobo oluthile lwesitywina kwisimo sakhe. Ngowe-1850, xa kwakufuneka ahambe ekhaya aze afunde ePetersburg, wayenolwazi lokuhlukana nonina, owayemthanda ngothando olukhethekileyo, kunye nekhaya lakhe nemida. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, wafumana ukhathazeka ngakumbi: unina wabulawa yiKholera. Kwaye kwashiya impembelelo enkulu emphefumlweni wakhe ubomi bakhe bonke. UTchaikovsky, iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wayehlala ekhumbula unina. Kubonakala ukuba kwakunzima, kuba uPyotr Ilyich, kunye nomzali wakhe, bafa ngekholera.

Sifundo

UPeter Ilyich wayengumfundi okhutheleyo, kodwa wafunda ngaphandle kwentshiseko, kodwa ukukhanga kwakhe kumculo kwabonakala kuyo yonke imihla ayehlala kuyo. Ukuba ngumntu onobubele, ngelo xesha awanandaba nomphumo wonyana wakhe, uyise wayenqume ukuqesha uPetros owaziwayo kumfundisi wecandelo lootitshala - uKündinger. Kwaye oku, mhlawumbi, kwakuyinyathelo lokuqala kwiindlela zokuzalwa kweenkwenkwezi zomqambi, oziwa ngoku zonke kwiindawo zomhlaba. Ewe, ngubani ongayaziyo namhlanje uPyotr Tchaikovsky! Iminyaka yobomi bakhe ngexesha elutsha eladlulayo eSt. Petersburg lalizalisekile kwaye liqaqambile, eliye lafaka isandla ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezininzi ezinentloko yakhe. Bonke babo kwixesha elizayo kufuneka babonakaliswe kwimisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo.

"Ukuqhelana" noMozart

UTchaikovsky wayebandakanyekile neKundinger malunga neminyaka emithathu. Nangona kunjalo, xa ebuzwa ngu-Ilya Petrovich ukuba unyana wakhe kufuneka anikezele ubomi bakhe kumculo, utitshala wanyakazela intloko kwaye waphendula ukuba akayiboni loo nto. Ngelinye igama, uKündinger wayengenakuqonda ukuba wayejongene nomqambi ozayo onguPI Tchaikovsky. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe yahambelana nexesha lokuchuma eRussia ye-opera uhlobo. Ngesinye isikhathi eMoscow, wayedlala "uDon Giovanni" weMozart omkhulu. Omncinci uPetros wamangaliswa yinto awayeyibona kwaye wayiva. Ngomhla wobomi bakhe, lo mqambi wayengenxa yegunya elikhulu kwihlabathi lomculo. Iminyaka elandelayo yokuphila kukaTchaikovsky yayigcwele amandla emisebenzi ye-Great Mozart. UPyotr Ilyich wambi wavuma ukuba yayibulela "uDon Juan" kangangokuthi wagqiba ukunikela ubomi bakhe kuNkulumko uMculo.

UTchaikovsky ngummeli

Emva kokugqitywa kwesikolo, ekufumaneni idiploma emthethweni, uPyotr Ilyich waba ngumqeshwa weSebe lezoBulungisa. Iminyaka yobomi bukaTchaikovsky ngexesha elithile lokuba ngumsebenzi wabasebenzi wayephethwe ngumntu ongenelisekile. UPetros osemncinci wayengenakukhathazeka kule ndawo. Wadabuka ngamathuba alahlekileyo, it talent, leyo, ngokombono wakhe, iphuzile kakhulu ukuphuhlisa. Ngalesi sikhathi i-conservatory yokuqala yayisungulwa eRussia nguRubinstein, kwaye u-Ilya Petrovich, ebona iintlungu zendodana yakhe, wamcebisa ukuba azame njengomculi aze angene kule kholeji yomculo. Le nsizwa yajika yafumana iminyaka engama-22 ubudala. Unyaka wokuqala wokufunda wadibanisa nenkonzo enkonzweni, kodwa ke wagqiba ekubeni aye emsebenzini kwaye aziphelele ngokupheleleyo kumculo. Emva kokugqitywa kwi-conservatory, wanikwa isithuba somfundisi. Lo msebenzi uphele iminyaka engaphezu kwe-11.

Ukudala umculo

Ikhonsathi yokuqala yepayano uTchaikovsky yabhala xa eshaya 35. Ngokukhawuleza ukuthanda kwakhe kukuqala ukukhula ngejubane elimangalisayo, uhlala emenywa kwiziganeko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ubomi bomntu bunzima kuye, njengoko kuthatha ixesha elide. Ngomnyaka we-1876, ebomini bomqambi ubonakala njengowesifazane ongumphekula-nantanethi uNadezhda von Meck. Ndiyabulela inkxaso yakhe, uTchaikovsky uqala uhambo eYurophu naseMelika. Ngamanye amadolophu aseYurophu: iParis, iBern, iRoma, iVenice - shiya umshicileli walo msebenzi womqambi. Elinye iqela lomculo lithatyathwa yinto enye, kwaye bonke banempumelelo. Emva kwexesha elide, uPyotr Ilyich waya kudadewabo eKamen (Ukraine). Lapha kwilizwe lakubo umsebenzi wakhe uphumelele ngamandla.

Iminyaka yobomi bukaTchaikovsky eKlin

Njalo, ngokuya kwiindawo ezikude, uPyotr Ilyich wabonisa ukuba wayengenakho ukubuyela kuyo. Wayefuna ngokwenene ukuba abe nekhaya lakhe. Kwi dolophu yaseKlin, kufuphi neMoscow, wathenga izindlu ezimbini ezithembekileyo, ezathi "Ikhaya". Emva koko wayeneminyaka engama-45. Lapha wahlala iminyaka elishumi. Le minyaka yayiqhamo kakhulu. Zingaphi imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ebhaliweyo ngeli xesha. Wayesoloko efuna ukuhlala yedwa kunye kunye nezingoma zakhe, kodwa abahlobo kunye nabaxhamli bevame ukuza kuye bevela eMoscow. Namhlanje le ndlu yindawo yokuhambela abaculi abancinci nabanomdla womsebenzi wakhe. Wonke umntu eKlin uyazi apho indlu, apho uTchaikovsky ohlala khona. Iminyaka yobomi kunye nokufa komqambi imakwe kwi-ipulati emnyango we-museum-1840-1893. Wayeneminyaka engama-53 nje kuphela, xa ikholera yamgwinya, njengokuba umama wakhe oyintanda wayehlala. Zingaphi izenzo ezintle anokubhala, ukuba unokuphila. Kodwa alas ... Yile njongo yakhe.