Umsebenzi amandla iiprothini: imizekelo kunye neenkcazelo. Yintoni ngeeproteni ukwenza apho umsebenzi amandla?

emzimbeni wethu ubunjwe lweziqalelo zokulanda umkhondo ezahlukeneyo izinto. Ngenxa beguqukele isigxina singakwazi ukuphila baphumeze umsebenzi wabo. Asazi nokuba ucinge ukuba yonke umzuzu wobomi ngamasuntswana amancinci omzimba asebenza rhoqo, nto leyo Sibabaleni. Kakade ke, lo msebenzi lomntu ngamnye ukuba azondle rhoqo kumthi wabo.

Iziyobisi kuba ibubomi kumzimba

Izinto eziphambili ezikuvumela ukuba zisebenze ngokupheleleyo ukuba iikhabhohayidrethi, ngeeproteni amafutha. Ezi zinto zifumaneka zobukhulu ezahlukeneyo phantse zonke ukutya, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukulungelelanisa ezi zinto, njengoko amtyeshela uqale ingxaki yezempilo. Kweli nqaku siza kukhangela imisebenzi iiprothini, njengoko unako ukunika amandla emzimbeni.

Loluphi uhlobo wenkqu - iiprothini?

Zizo ezi izinto zenza chain acid acid. Zinelungelo ubunzima eliphezulu eziphilayo, njengoko molecule elilodwa iyawasusa asidi eziliqela acid ulunxibelele bond polypeptide. Enye iyunithi candelo protein, emelwe nayiphi asidi acid.

Le nto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni umzimba. Of acid kunye neeproteni ukwakha phantse wonke umzimba: Iyigqiba umntu obonelela umoya athwala - iproteni. Le nto inceda ukuxhasa amajoni omzimba, inxaxheba kulo Yindibanisela emzimbeni, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ummiselo kweenkqubo ezininzi lwangaphakathi. Wabekwa icala umsebenzi namandla, nto leyo yinqobo kuye ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle kwawo, umzimba kunzima kakhulu ukuphuhlisa nokukhula. Kodwa protein kwemfuneko akuyomfuneko kuthi. Ukususela inani elikhulu kubo iinkqubo yokubola kunye nezinye iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwi iiseli kunye namaziko.

main umsebenzi wabo

Iiproteni enze imisebenzi emininzi ngeendleko umzimba akasweli wesi nayiphi na inkqubo, ekuveliseni iiseli ezintsha, ukuzithethelela omzimba njalo njalo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

1. Encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi. asidi acid, izihlanganisi ngendlela ethile, ukudala enzayim banoxanduva isantya reactions ezithile emzimbeni. Thina ukuthetha malunga neshumi elinesibini enzymes abasebenzi catalyzation. Bathi amawaka ambalwa, kwaye ilawula ukuya iimpendulo 4000. Zonke ezi nkqubo zimanyene ingqiqo omnye - nethe. Angala neeproteni aqinge apho kuya kwenzeka.
2. Kwesakhiwo - kunye iiproteni ezithile ukugcina uhlobo iiseli lwangaphakathi ngaphandle sibe uhlobo asisigxina lezikhonkwane, iinwele njalo njalo.
3. Zikhusela. Ihlala yokuba iiproteni eziyinxalenye ulwelo yebhayoloji, iiseli kunye neemathiriyeli, ukhuseleko kwi, imichiza, inqanaba emzimbeni omzimba.
4. Regulatory - kukho oonomatse, ezo nto ukwakha izinto leeseli akazibandakanyi ukutya, imisebenzi yamandla kubo ayikho abayinqobo kuye, kodwa benza nokulawulwa kweenkqubo eziseleni. Bona ke "ukubukela 'ukuze idlulise ulwazi yemfuza, imisebenzi, kunye acid acid yokuqaphela.
5. umsebenzi Uthutho kweziyi kukuba baphathe izinto ezibalulekileyo luncedo umzimba egazini okanye phakathi iiseli.
6. Receptor - kungenjalo oko kubizwa ngokuba mechano-chemical. Ezinye iiproteni phantsi Imiqondiso ezahlukeneyo uyakwazi ukutshintsha ubude lwabo ngokusika.
7. Energetichekoy umsebenzi iiprotheni - iiprothini ekhutshwa cleavage ukuba ethile amandla. Ngoko ke, ezi izinto kwiimeko ezithile bakhonze njengomthombo yayo.

Xa kunjalo, kukho umsebenzi amandla iiprotheni?

Akusoloko ekutyeni kwethu kulinganiswa ukuze iiprothini, amafutha kunye carbohydrate emzimbeni wethu wenza mali njengoko kufuneka. Kaninzi kukho ukunqongophala okanye ezingaphezu izinto ezithile.

Kwimeko ukungabikho elide ukutya okwaneleyo carbohydrate kunye amanqatha umsebenzi amandla avele kweziyi. Le ephilayo aliyeki kudliwe amandla, ngoko ke ambaxa amino asidi kuqala ukuwasindisa kuyo.

Njani na kuphuma amandla?

Protein - into eyodwa apha emzimbeni. Imidlalo kubume mozht kuba amawaka, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo ukuba kwiipropati zabo ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo. Flow izinga osisiqu phezu ixesha elide kakhulu, umsebenzi amandla efanayo iiprotheni kukhokelela lwahlukane ke ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze azondle rhoqo unikezelo lwabo. Oku kusinceda njengoko umzimba wethu - yiseti ye cell nokulungelelanisa protein ezithile iintlobo neempawu.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-eneji lwenzeka ngenkqubo ukwetyisa leeprothini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iphecana zesisu. Le cleavage lokugqibela asidi acid lwenzeka kwinqanaba zeselula.

Ukuguqulwa iiproteni esiswini

Umsebenzi amandla iiprotheni, imizekelo apho kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi, iqala kunye cleavage ezi zinto esiswini. Apha oza uncedo ukwimo enye, ezinye isakhiwo kuphela - le pepsin enzyme. Iyasebenza phantsi kweemeko ezithile (xa pH lwalungasentla 5.0 nangasezantsi 2.0). Ngokuguqula lo secretion unamadlala esiswini yencindi yewayini asidi esiswini, leyo kuluncedo ukusebenza pepsin.

Kakade kweli nqanaba siqala amandla umsebenzi iiprothini. Pepsin - omnye enqanda ezininzi, nto leyo ninamathele esimbaxa Iprothini collagen (le khompawundi wenqununu inwebu inyama). Ukudibanisa amanzi (haydrolisis), yenza iimveliso yokubola eliphakathi kunye iqhezu encinane ubushushu leyo uyakhululeka ngenxa yomzimba okuyingxenye kwi amandla ukutya. Wena wayenokuthi iiproteni enze umsebenzi amandla, isakhiwo yawo enzyme, njengoko le yokugqibela uncedo kuphela lo msebenzi ukwenza ezinye izinto.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba pancreatic iiprotheni cleavage

Le injeke uthatha izinto for cleavage. Kodwa ke umthengisi le truss ofunekayo, ngoko ngaphandle kuyo, xa ukwetyisa kweziyi kunzima ukukwenza. Inika izitho zokugaya enzayim pancreatic: proelastazoy, chymotrypsin, trypsin, karboksipolipeptidazoy.

Oqhekeza ethunjini

Ayizizo zonke proteni zithe zathotyelwa phantsi a sokonakalisa epheleleyo emathunjini, nangona usebenza kwi eninzi kweziyobisi. Kwanaxa ekupheleni ukwetyisa kunokuba dipeptides kunye tripeptides. ezimbalwa acid kuphela siphuma kule yunithi GI.

Trypsin kunye chymotrypsin anceda ukuba uguqule iiproteni zibe polypeptides, ogxininisa ukungabikho glucose ekufudumaleni emzimbeni, kusekho umsebenzi amandla ngempumelelo iiprothini. Imizekelo utshintshwano ezinjalo sinako ukubona yonke imihla, xa sisebenzisa iintlobo zizinto ukutya. Emva kokuba yokuwa iiproteni ukuba polypeptides ongena umsebenzi enzyme karboksipolipeptaza - it disconnects amino ngamnye acid ukususela ekupheleni iikhompawundi kwakhiwa. Proelastaza digests Imicu elastic kwenyama nemveliso zenyama kunye nezinye izinto ezintsonkothileyo.

Iiproteni enze umsebenzi amandla, ke isigaba sokugqibela ukwetyisa kwi emathunjini amancinci, lo duodenum. Apho sijongana ukuya villi eziqulathe peptidase. Ezi izinto, agqibezele inkqubo oqhekeza polypeptides ukuba kukho inani elincinane asidi acid kunxityelelwana ngolwelo emathunjini. Further Ukusasazwa ngamandla obushushu kwinkqubo njenge ucazululo iproteni kwenzeka kwinqanaba yeselula, neemveliso ekupheleni cleavage ezi zinto isakhiwo esimbaxa ezi uric acid, urea, amanzi kunye carbon dioxide. Ngaloo ndlela, siye sabona, apho umsebenzi amandla iiprotheni ikhutshwa phandle. It has akukho acid asidi eyendawo ethile. Kodwa kuliwa ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ukugaywa ngokupheleleyo protini.

amandla yeselula

umsebenzi Energy ukwenza organelles iseli ezinjengezo mitochondria. Xa iseli inwebu umthuthi molecule kufuneka ukutsala iimveliso yokubola iiproteni kunye iimolekyuli. Kule meko ke, amandla kwiwebhsayithi, nto leyo inceda nokulungelelanisa molecule ATP kwaye usebenzisana neoksijini. Kwanaxa kwinqanaba zeselula, unako ukuphendula umbuzo ukuba zeziphi iiproteni babe umsebenzi namandla. Ezi zizinto ukuba akazibandakanyi kumsebenzi enzyme kunye nokwakha, njengoko ekwakheni iiseli zomzimba inxaxheba abasindile ngexesha polypeptides cleavage. Kodwa kamva bekukho iqhezu encinane amandla kwinqanaba zeselula ngu mitochondria kunye iimolekyuli ATP wabumba (a umthombo unique yamandla kuzo zonke iinkqubo emzimbeni).