Ukuphawula transistors - ntoni na? Types, parameters kunye iimpawu transistors, wandise

Le transistor lisebenza component engundoqo nayiphi busebenze. Yena uhlobo uqinisa isitshixo. Isiseko sesi sixhobo semiconductor yi isilicon okanye germanium njengekristale. Ezi transistors ezi unipolar kwaye disorder, ngokufanelekileyo, intsimi kunye kwengqondo. Bafumana iindidi ezimbini lohlobo conductivity - phambili kwaye umva. Kwabasaqalayo, irediyo engahlawulwayo le ngxaki inkulu nesokuvuma encoding kunye zokucazulula ezi zinto. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga iintlobo eziphambili iirekhodi, zombini iimveliso zasekhaya kunye angaphandle kwakunye ukuhlalutya, nto leyo ithetha transistors zokumakisha.

iintlobo sokurekhoda

Abavelisi transistors basebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ufihlo - yombala ikhowudi bokulebhelisha. Noko ke, akukho enye okanye omnye akanawo imigangatho efanayo. izityalo evelisa ngalinye izixhobo semiconductor (transistors, ode, ode zener, njalo njalo. D.), Sebenzisa ikhowudi kunye nombala yayo ikhowudi. Ngaba Mazize transistors iqela elinye kunye nohlobo eziveliswa zizityalo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibhalwe ngokwahlukileyo. Okanye ngenye indlela: amalunga ezahlukeneyo, uze ujonge kubo - twatse. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukwahlula phakathi kwabo kuphela iimpawu ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, ubude malunga iziphumo umbala emitter kwaye nombuthi nokuba (okanye ngaphambili) ngaphezulu. Ukuphawula FETs akukho kwahluka tags kwezinye izixhobo. Le meko efanayo iziqalelo semiconductor asemzini: umenzi ngasinye esisetyenziswayo uhlobo abizwa zabo.

Transistors e KT-26 istili

Qwalasela ukuba transistors amanqaku eziveliswa ekhaya. Olu hlobo lwezindlu idumile kakhulu phakathi abenzi semiconductor. It has a imilo zezindlu kunye icala bevelled, izigqibo ezintathu ziphuma khona, ukusuka kwisiseko asezantsi. Kulo mzekelo, isebenzisa lo mgaqo ingxubevange yokumakisha equka imiqondiso nekhowudi, kunye nombala. Kwi kwisiseko eliphezulu ngokwebala-point, ethetha iqela transistor, kunye icala tapered - isimboli ikhowudi okanye umbala indawo ehambelana kuhlobo isixhobo. Ukongeza uhlobo, linokusetyenziswa kunyaka kunye nenyanga woyekelelo.

Ukuze unika iqela usebenzisa umbala ilandelayo ikhowudi transistors: group A lihambisana ichaphaza emnyama ebomvu, B - emthubi, C - mnyama eluhlaza, D - oluhlaza, D - Blue, E - White, M - limnyama, yaye - isiliva, K - orange, L - icuba ukukhanya, M - hina.

Uhlobo luchazwa yi ezi simboli zilandelayo kunye nemibala.

• KT203 elivumelana unxantathu angled (imilenze phantsi ekunene) okanye dot emnyama obomvu.
• KT208 - isangqa encinane (kukho le hlobo lwemibala).
• K209 - diamond (ichaphaza grey).
• K313 - uphawu leyo ifana T zocaphulo (ichaphaza-orenji).
• KT326 - an omfusa unxantathu alinganayo (akhanya).
• KT339 - unxantathu alinganayo (ichaphaza blue).
• KT342 - ikota isangqa (ichaphaza blue).
• KT502 - isiqingatha revolution (ichaphaza etyheli); KT503 - isangqa (ichaphaza abamhlophe).
• KT3102 - engile egqithe unxantathu imilenze novulelweyo (ichaphaza eluhlaza emnyama).
• KT3157 - imilenze unxantathu ekunene ukuya ekhohlo wehla (akukho lwemibala).
• K366 - unobumba T (akukho umbala).
• KT6127 - wakhona incwadi P.
• KT632 - Iisimboli musa (point yesilivere).
• KT638 - ngaphandle isimboli (dot-orenji).
• KT680 - incwadi G.
• KT681 - wand nkqo.
• KT698 - incwadi P.

Ukumakishwa unyaka kunye ngenyanga ngawo

Ngokuhambelana ne GOST 25486-82, esebenzisa oonobumba ezimbini okanye oonobumba namanani ukubonisa umhla. Umsebenzisi wokuqala limele nyaka, kwaye eyesibini - inyanga. Olu hlobo iikhowudi isetyenziswa nje kuphela transistors kodwa ezinye izinto semiconductor ekhaya. Kwizixhobo angaphandle umhla kubonisiwe amane, ezimbini zokuqala kuzo bahambelana kulo nyaka, yaye yokugqibela - inani leveki. Khawuve oko ikhowudi transistors ehambelana ukuya kumhla wokwenziwa yokumakisha. Unyaka / uphawu: 1986 - U, 1987 - V, 1988 - W, 1989 - X, 1990 - 1991 - B 1992 - C. 1993 - D, 1994 - E 1995 - F, 1996 - H 1997 - i, 1998 - ngo-1999 - ka L, 2000 - M, njl Inyanga ukukhululwa: .. kwiinyanga zokuqala ezilithoba bahambelana amanani 1 ukuya ku-9 (Januwari - 1 Februwari - 2), kwaye yokugqibela - oonobumba yokuqala yamazwi: October - ngoNovemba - N, December - D.

Transistors e KT-27 istili

wenza La macandelo semiconductor ukuba isicelo nokuba enombala ikhowudi okanye cipher, eliquka iimilo zejiyometri. Khawuve oko transistors lokumakishela graphic.

• KT972A - omnye "lisemandleni" uxande.
• KT972B - amaxande ezimbini: bashiya elele, ixabiso elifanelekileyo.
• KT973A - isikwere.
• KT973B - izikwere ezimbini.
• KT646A - unxantathu omnye.
• KT646B - ekhohlo isangqa, unxantathu ekunene.

Ngaphezu koko, akukho mbala ezongezelelweyo ekupheleni kungumzimba izigqibo malunga zokumakisha:

• CT 814 - ndiyingwevu-beige;
• CT 815 - Lilac-ezimfusa, okanye ndiyingwevu;
• CT 816 - pink ebomvu;
• CT 817 - ndiyingwevu-eluhlaza;
• CT 683 - purple;
• KT9115 - oluhlaza.

Transistors Series KT814-817 Iqela B kufuneka ziphawulwe kuphela luyawudyobha ekupheleni ngaphandle kokubangela ikhowudi yekharakhtha.

Inkqubo yaseYurophu PRO-Electron

Ukuphawula transistors kunye nezinye izixhobo semiconductor kbavelisi yaseYurophu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ikhowudi ungeno umlinganiswa. Unobumba wokuqala kuyinto material semiconductor: lesilicon, germanium, njl Silicon eqhelekileyo, siyafana kwileta V. Uphawu elandelayo - olu hlobo sixhobo ... Okulandelayo, faka inani thotho imveliso. Kule gumbi kukho zibe eziliqela. Umzekelo, ukuba amanani ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya-999, ezi zinto ayimveliso jikelele-njongo, yaye ukuba unobumba obekwe phambi kwabo (Z10 - A99), ezi semiconductors zithathwa of iindawo ezizodwa okanye iinjongo zoshishino. Ngaphaya koko, le yunithi ikhowudi ogcweleyo kongezelelwa isimboli nokulungalungiswa ezongezelelweyo. Sichaza ngqo umenzi inamacandelo semiconductor.

Umsebenzisi wokuqala (izinto): A - eJamani, - Si, C - kaLayishe waseGalim arsenide, R - isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, emanzini. Into yesibini uhlobo transistor: C - phantsi-power njalo; D - bass ezinamandla; F - a elisezantsi-amandla eliphezulu-frequency; G - izixhobo ezininzi in a iphakheji eyodwa; L - elinamandla high-frequency; S - phantsi amandla ziguquka; U - utshintsho enamandla.

I American inkqubo JEDEC

US Abavelisi bezixhobo semiconductor usebenzisa i enkhowudingi, equka izinto ezine. Umvo lokuqala imele inani p-n ezidibanayo: 1 - diode; 2 - transistor 3 - thyristor; 4 - optocoupler. Le ncwadi yesibini ibonisa iqela. Umlinganiswa sesithathu - inani lothotho inani an element (uluhlu ukusuka 100 ukuya 9999). uphawu Okwesine - unobumba ehambelana ukuguqulwa isixhobo.

Inkqubo Japanese JIS

Le nkqubo iqulathe ezi abalinganiswa siqulathe iziqalelo ezintlanu. Le yokuqala ingqamana uhlobo isixhobo semiconductor: 0 - photodiode okanye phototransistor; 1 - diode; 2 - transistor. Into yesibini - le leta S, ibekwe kwi onke amacandelo. ncwadi esilandelayo elivumelana uhlobo transistor: A - PNP High; In - i ephantsi-frequency PNP; C - high NPN; D - a njalo NPN; H - unijunction; J - nsimu N-channel; K - entsimini kunye P-itshaneli. Le ilandelayo ke imveliso inani lothotho (10 - 9999). Ekugqibeleni, lo element sesihlanu - a loyamano ifowuni (kunjalo nje zisalelayo). Maxa wambi isicelo nesimboli yesithandathu - sisalathiso ezongezelelweyo (oonobumba N, M okanye S), okuthetha imfuneko kungqinelwano nemigangatho ethile. Inkqubo Japanese imibala esephepheni of transistors alisebenzi.

izinto SMD

Ukumakishwa SMD-transistor ifuzisela kuphela. Ngenxa yobungakanani encinane ezi zinto musa ukusebenzisa lwemibala. standard encryption Single kubo asikho. Zonke izityalo usebenzisa iimpawu zayo. Ikhowudi exube kulo mzekelo anokuqulatha ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwemithathu abalinganiswa oluza. isityalo nganye kuvelisa iitheyibhile zayo neempawu ezifunekayo semiconductor.