Udila lwamachiza: iimpawu isicelo, umyalelo

Kwimbali sifo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "emlilweni engcwele", "Persian lomlilo" kunye neminye imibutho efanayo. Igama layo yanamhlanje anthrax ngenxa kwindawo yabo zokusasaza. Namhlanje, amatyala usuleleko kwabantu casuistic. Isifo kwenzeka kuphela iinkomo. Iarhente causative luchazwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ngu Robert Goch.

exciter

Inegciwane gciwane anthracis unobangela anthrax. It is a induku enkulu, Igram namabala purple. Oku kuquka Isilwa somatic kwaye umahluko yoluvo, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba, esinxibelelana inwebu leeseli emzimbeni libangela ukufa. Ngaphezu koko, lo philisi ebonisa antifagotsitarnye propati.

Le host ephilayo na iintsholongwane benza mbewu abanganyangekiyo omiswe lobushushu eliphezulu kunye kweentsholongwane. Kule fomu anthrax ingagcinwa iminyaka kwaye isetyenziswe izikhali bacteria. iintlobo kwezityalo ezincinane zibulawa kukungakhuseleki emanzini ashushu ngemizuzu engamashumi amane emoyeni oveni eshushu - emva kweeyure 2-3.

lwezifo

Carrier losulelo Azityi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko inkomo, ihashe, inkamela okanye ihagu. Eyosulelayo ukuba abantu kulo lonke sifo iinkomo, ekubeni sokunikela le pathogen kokusingqongileyo. A izilwanyana abafileyo kuhlala ezosulelayo iiveki. Ukongeza, transmission pathogen liphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane. Ingakumbi iimveliso eziyingozi ezifunyenwe kwizilwanyana enesifo (eluswini, unwele). Ukuba angagcina infectivity iminyaka emininzi, nokuba emva kwenkqubo imichiza kunye thermal.

Indawo, anthrax ifumaneka kwimozulu kushushu ulophu, kwiindawo apho benza ukufuya iinkomo. Isifo lidla ibhalwe kwixesha ehlotyeni-ekwindla. Eyona ebangela usuleleko zabantu - siyabutyeshela imimiselo yococeko-epidemiological, kwakunye nokunqongophala kwezinto ezinomsebenzi phambi processing.

Pathogenesis neempawu

Iintsholongwane ngenisa emzimbeni womntu okanye isilwanyana ngesikhumba, inwebu yangaphakathi okanye iphecana zesisu. I "amasango yosulelo" liqulunqe ukudumba serous-ukopha, oko kuboniswa nokudumba, ukopha kunye necrosis owomileyo. Le ndawo ibukeka iintlantsi - kwindawo emnyama erhangqwe shaft yokukrala embindini apho onenxeba elivulekileyo. Macrophage pathogen isasazeka ngenkqubo emithanjeni, kuquka kwiindawo nkovu lwengingqi. Emva kokungena le ntsholongwane egazini nokudumba kulandela le gabalala losulelo wonke umzimba: kwiindawo nkovu, iphecana zesisu, imiphunga. Amalungu ekujoliswe kuvela hemorrhages ezininzi kwegazi.

okuthatha usulelo unokuthatha ngokwexesha kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, kuxhomekeka imilo. Amaninzi wafumana ulusu ezibonisa sifo. Kwisayithi ye ekungeneni pathogen kuvela papules ebomvu, ukurhawuzelela kunye nemvakalelo ovuthayo. Emva kosuku olunye Daddy uguquguquka sitho zizaliswe fluid serous. Emva kwexesha elifutshane umxholo uba purple okanye mnyama nombala purple. Ngenxa strong vesicles umntu ukurhawuzelela umonakalo ke uThixo amajukujuku kwaye kukho isilonda yanowo emnyama kunye ulwandlalo eliqaqambileyo. Yaxakathwa yayo kwasekwa luhlola bacteria ( "uphawu yomqala") ukuba bangenele kwisigaba efanayo.

Isibini kangangeeveki kumazantsi kwethumba uyawavala nangokhwekhwe emnyama, nangenxa lonke ixesha esi sifo kukho lokudoma reaction yasekuhlaleni. Le yenye imiqondiso diagnostic anthrax. Ukususela iimpawu ngokubanzi bodwa ngumkhuhlane elide, kunye intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka kunye neentlungu izihlunu. Emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ibonwa basekuhlaleni beza umngcangcazelisi, kunye nabo kunye obscheintoksikatsionny uphawu.

ekuxilongweni

Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo cutaneous isifo liza kwahlulwa kwezinye bacteria abile abengezelayo. Eyona iphambili lokwahlula kuyinto ukuvela "zomqala", nto leyo uphawu kuphela anthrax. ifomu ngokubanzi luphawulwa abaqala olukhawulezayo, ukunxila kakhulu, nokudumba yemiphunga, kunye oligo-anuria. Ngamanye amaxesha phambi ngumthombo sifo kufuneka ugqirha ukuba zingahlukaniswa anthrax kunye tularemia isibetho.

Of nemvavanyo zaselaborathri lokufunyaniswa sifo kusetyenziswa bacterioscopy igazi okanye umchamo, kwakunye obhobhozayo izityalo ukususela isilonda kumajelo kwezondlo. Ukongezelela, sebenzisa izilwanyana zaselaborathri iSifo ngakumbi. Iimvavanyo ze-serological ukubona kwisigaba kwesifo kunye ukulungela kwamajoni omzimba. Enye indlela kukuba ukuqhuba iimvavanyo kukwalana ne antraksinom.

Le lugonyo anthrax

Kuthintelo anthrax liqulunqe lokugonya live eyomileyo oko kumlungele na isicelo ongama okanye cutaneous. kokukhululwa kwayo ngo-1 ml ampoules (kubalwa 200 amathamo zolawulo ongama) kunye ne-1.5 ml isinyibilikisi (glycerol).

A lugonyo anthrax umntu ngumxube imbewu eziphilayo pathogen kunye nezakhi nyulu eziqhotyoshelwe hayidroksayidi aluminum. Ugqirha ingeza saline igutyana isotonic, waluguqula umgubo ibe umxube eyohlobo olulodwa. Impilo ogonyo owomileyo na iminyaka emi-3, kwaye ulwelo - 2.

Kuba abadala kunye nabantwana zonke ugonyo anthrax ingasetyenziswa ukususela kunyaka-1. IMimiselo olubekwe kuyo, imile ukuba umntu iphuhlise sifo kakhulu.

Izimo ukuba nokugonywa

Kuba kungeniswa lokugonya kukho eminye imithetho jikelele:

• isigulane kufuneka abe sempilweni;
• iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni uluhlu eqhelekileyo;
• SARS emva yokugqibela ngaphezu kwenyanga;
• ziyabagulisa kulawulo kwangaphambili zokugonya waphawula.

Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa nxamnye anthrax lokugonya igqamisa Izimo ezimbalwa. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu kufuneka abe imbali izifo lwenkqubo kwizicwili, ezimbi nezolo dermatological, kwakunye nenkqubo yonyango iingxaki. Ukongeza, imfuneko ukuba zilandele ngqo amaxesha ekhefu. Va ugonyo yokugqibela yaye ugonyo anthrax kufuneka kukho umsantsa iintsuku ubuncinane ngamashumi amathathu.

Bacterinia

Ukusetyenziswa anti-anthrax lokugonya kubangela reactions zasekuhlaleni ngokubanzi. ulawulo Percutaneous ngesikhumba ngosuku kuyo inaliti kubonakala hyperaemia kunye iindumbisa omncinane izicwili. Kamva kwasekwa uqweqwe, nto leyo ekugqibeleni shwaka. Ulawulo ongama ogonyo ihamba afunxwe ukuya ku 0.5 cm.

Umkhuhlane yinto enqabileyo kakhulu kwaye esizibonakalisa yintloko, ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu emzimbeni ukuba subfebrile, neendawo ezandisiweyo nkovu. Ngamanye amaxesha nezisu kunye nokugabha. Abantu abane ephakamileyo omzimba anthrax lokugonya kunokubangela kukwalisa ukuya umothuko anaphylactic.

Oyidlayo noLawulo

Ekugonyweni yokuqala ikhutshwa phandle yesitofu owomileyo elulwelo, yaye kamva sebenzisa lobeko owomileyo kuphela. Izicwangciso kwikota yokuqala anokuvela sifo lifumana ithamo amayeza kule ncwadi ukuze 0.5 ml kwesikhumba.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ukuze yome lesitofu anthrax sokugonya abantu. Umyalelo ithi ukuba abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-14 kufuneka ukubamba gonyo kwesikhumba zamabanga aphantsi kunye amathamo amabini kudluliswe ngenyanga. Abadala kwi-avareji engaphandle ingalo wesithathu isicelo 2 amathontsi sokugonya exutywe uze zingayikrwela ulusu kunye atyabukile isiqingatha ulwelo umzuzu.

Xa wadibana nomntu non-ukugonywa isilwanyana egulayo wayebambe uthintelo olungxamisekileyo ekwimo ikhosi antibiotics:

• ngokuba abadala it "ciprofloxacin" okanye "Doxycycline";
• abantwana - "Amoxicillin".

Udila kwechiza izilwanyana

Udila sogonyo sisilwanyana ukuveliswa antibodies pathogen emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukususela kwixesha lolawulo kwaye inika amandla okukwazi olomeleleyo ukuya kunyaka omnye. It yenzelwe yesiqhelo ugonyo enyanzelekileyo kuzo zonke izilwanyana zasefama.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala amachiza zinikwe ubudala kwinyanga enye uze kwakhona emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Abantu abadala kufuneka zigonywe minyaka yonke. Ukuba inani iinkomo yafunyanwa izilwanyana apho kukho iimpawu anthrax, lonke ugxuba bagonywe kwakhona.

Izimo ukuba ugonyo izilwanyana:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhulelwa lwakutshanje okanye xa kuthenwa;
• utyando;
• namaxhamxwa ukuya kwiinyanga 9.

Isitofu sokugonya anthrax alikho kuqaliswa ngemini eshushu okanye ebandayo, ngokunjalo ile kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Unyango kunye nemithi, anthelmintics kunye neziyobisi insektoakaritsidnymi kufuneka alinde iintsuku ezili-10 emva kogonyo. Ubisi amathokazi ukugonywa zivumelekile ukuba ukusela kusuku olulandelayo emva kogonyo, kodwa kuxhelwe iinkomo zenyama kuya kufuneka ukuba ulinde iiveki ezimbini.