Ubushushu umzimba. Iintlobo sokufudumeza. Ukwahlukanisa sokufudumeza

Ngamnye wethu ujongene kubananisi zilula ubushushu. Umzekelo okuphawuleka ukwakhiwa "ityhubhu kwi ityhubhu" okanye into ethile elolo hlobo. Bekuya kuba nzima ukuba nomfanekiso ubomi bethu, ukuba akayi owasungula miso ubushushu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho inani elikhulu sokufudumeza. Phakathi kwabo, ahluke nje kuphela iinkcukacha kodwa umda, uyilo, njalo njalo. N. Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha kakhulu kunentloko kwaye sihlolisise mathuba umdla.

Abanye ulwazi jikelele

Ubushushu umzimba - isixhobo esetyenziswayo ukudlulisela ubushushu ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba sokufudumeza ngokwayo, ngaphandle izixhobo zokufudumeza, luphunzile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isakhiwo zingafumaneka iziphumo ezibalaseleyo nobushushu ngempumelelo nkqu amagumbi amakhulu kakhulu yaye kubanda. Ukongeza, oosonzululwazi rhoqo ukuzama ukunciphisa ilahleko ubushushu xa utshintshela bume eyahlukileyo. Namhlanje akakwazi ndingaqhayisa ukusebenza-100%, kodwa ukusebenza 90-95% ndithethe ngesibindi. mpawu zokusebenza kunye zobugcisa imveliso ziyaphuculwa kukusetyenziswa izinto elungiselelwe ngokukodwa, kwakunye njengesipholisi. Kakade ke, oko konyusa kancinci ixabiso kwezixhobo, kodwa kulungile.

Xa iinjineli ukuyila senze njalo neemfuno ezingquzulanayo ukuba kufuneka zidityaniswe zibe igutyana enye. Umzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa luvukelo kwemali yaye ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ingumlingani transfer ubushushu. Ubushushu umzimba kufuneka zimelane umhlwa, kodwa akukho nzima kakhulu ukuba nkonzo. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kukho iintlobo ezininzi sokufudumeza. Kuxobekeka kwezo meko, sebenzisa lowo efanelana.

Ukwahlukanisa sokufudumeza

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kukho okwangoku inani elikhulu sokufudumeza. Ngaphezu kwako konke, baya kufuneka ezahlulwe sisithuba inkqubo transfer ubushushu esiphakathi. Apha kubananisi ubushushu yahlulwe maqela alandelayo:

• recuperative;
• okungenisa;
• ukuxuba;
• kagesi shushu.

Makhe sihlolisise khangela sokufudumeza recuperative. uyilo Product kuthetha ubukho enye-inwebu okanye udonga multi-umaleko apho ubushushu kwiCEMIS. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenzeka xa isindululo ngokuthe ngcembe. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kule hlobo transfer ubushushu nezixhobo ikhutshwa phandle intshukumo ngenkani ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwisigaba sikarhulumente. Kodwa usebenza kuphela kubananisi ubushushu ngokusisigxina. Xa sithetha yesixa kunye mode nokusebenza ngamaxesha athile, ngoko kangangexesha elithile kuliwa zokufudumeza, abe ngumphunga kunye ukupholisa, zonke nje indlela yokulandelelana. izixhobo ezinjalo kubananisi ubushushu kunye motion engazinzanga thermal. Oku kungenxa yokuba iqondo lobushushu njengesipholisi kwi ugwebu kwaye ngamashishini yohlukile kakhulu. Ngokufuthi iiyunithi zifumaneka ngohlobo jiko kwaye nepleyiti, exabe, kunye nezinye iindlela. Emva kwethutyana siza kujonga iintlobo ezininzi. Kodwa ayipheli apho eli ukuhlelwa sokufudumeza.

iiyunithi okungenisa nawamaziko sombane

Kulo mzekelo, kanye njengokuba kwi esingaphambili, yokudlulisela i- eneji thermal kusetyenziswe umphezulu transfer ubushushu. Noko ke, le ndawo luhlobo attachment. Usebenzela zemali kuthetha eliphakathi oluhlala ubushushu. Ubukhulu becala, yonke inkqubo angohlulwa ngezigaba eziliqela. Xa amanzi esatsiba kwinqanaba lokuqala kuthatha umlinganiselo othile ubushushu. Ngoko kukho lenguqu ukuya ibakala lesibini, kwaye njengesipholisi lidlule ecaleni kumphezulu umlomo. Oku kwenzeka xa ukutshintsha kwemali njengesipholisi. Kweli nqanaba, amanzi esatsiba ebegqwese lupholile, kwaye ubushushu okongezeleke kwixesha eliphakathi lisenziwa shushu ngako, esenokuba igumbi lakho.

Regenerators lasi non-zokubhala. Amanzi esatsiba isoloko esisigxina, kunye neenkqubo thermal - synchronously phindo. Devices elolu hlobo zidla ngokuba skruberrami okanye ukupholisa ezinde.

Umongo kubananisi ubushushu ngombane shushu kukuba njengomthombo ephambili ubushushu ngokusebenzisa umbane. Lokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla thermal usebenzisa ufakelo arc yombane. Iiplastiki zombini zokufudumeza ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Ishishini sokufudumeza ziqhelekileyo - yoqheliso ukuxhathisa izifudumezi. Njengoko ubona, kubananisi ubushushu zinokuba nomahluko, ngoku siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha uhlobo ngalunye, ububanzi kunye noyilo sayo neempawu.

sokufudumeza siba

Le fowuni iquka iperi channels zikhula. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba nxeba ehlabathini xaka engundoqo. Kuba oku yenziwa izinto web. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kubananisi ubushushu Ukonakala kakhulu awunankinga ukufudumeza kunye ulwelo okupholisa ukuba eliphezulu viscosity inomlingani.

Ngokubanzi zokufudumeza wayo wabumba amaphepha amabini metal apho kunye yi weld ukuya umphakathi. Unit yakhiwe lamajelo-2 kuphela, ngokubanzi eziziingxande icandelo umnqamlezo kwasekwa elimile uwele. Isiphelo isantya (ngaphakathi) iye udonga lokwahlula, wayifaka ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane. sokufudumeza unako ukuvelisa zombini nkqo nkqo. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuseka uhlobo olunye ngenxa sithuba saneleyo okanye indawo uqwalaselo ezintsonkothileyo, ngoko lisetyenziswa owesibini, yindawo ngakumbi. Kwakhona umdla ukuba umboleki ukhethe kubananisi ubushushu uwele kunye nobubanzi ezahlukeneyo ephotheneyo, ukusuka 20 ukuya 150. Kulo mzekelo umphezulu ubushushu nga zinokohluka ukusuka 3.2 ukuya 100 square metres kunye noxinzelelo inkqubo ubuninzi 1 MPA.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izixhobo transfer ubushushu lineqela iingenelo ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, oku kunciphisa ukumelana kwemali. Okwesibini, compactness kunye nocikizeko phezulu, ubunzulu ubushushu. Ke konke oku negalelo yokuba kukho iziphene ngokohlobo zokwakha ezimbaxa kunye nokulungiswa.

Kwi kubananisi plate ubushushu

Okwangoku bokwenziwa kubananisi ubushushu separable and non-nembasa. Ngokwendalo, uhlobo lokuqala Kukhethwa kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, oko ulondolozo lula. isixhobo eso ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ndawonye kwaye zezikhali, ngoko nayiphi banokusilela zivalwe kwixesha elifutshane. imifuziselo Kwavingcelwa ezingachazwanga ngokuqhelekileyo kulungiswa, kwaye ukuba oku kwenziwe, ngoko ixesha elide.

Eneneni, lo gama libonisa ukuba izixhobo siqulathe esitoreni amacwecwe olwalusele. Ukuba zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobhedu, titanium, mifanekiso, njalo njalo. N. Phantse ngenxa yokuphucula iipropati zokusebenza zenziwe izixwexwe yenyuka. Kubananisi plate ubushushu aqukuqela lamanqanaba njengesipholisi flow ebandayo kunye nobushushu.

Ngokwayo, izixhobo kulungileyo ukuba ine layout abanobuchule. Kuyenzeka ukwandisa indawo umphezulu kobushushu, kwaye oku kuza kunye kwisayizi encinane kakhulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, phambi kokuba kuthengwe lwenziwa ukubalwa kubananisi ubushushu, nto leyo evumela ukuba ufumane iinkcukacha malunga nendlela isixhobo amandla kuyimfuneko indlela kwimeko ethile. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba zonke amacwecwe leyo some kwiphakheji ngenxa efanayo amajelo ifomu imilo phakathi kwabo. Ngabo, ulwelo yhuu. Kwaye ngoku siza kukhangela ezinye iinkcukacha umdla ngakumbi enokuthanani izixhobo.

Ukusetyenziswa gasket

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ezi nkalo iphambili amacwecwe exchange ubushushu ziyasetyenziswa. ukuba abazenzayo sokunyathela ezibandayo. Ngenxa yale nokumelana njongo aluminium ukumelana ezinokuthi kakhulu ngcono iyahlala ukusebenza le yunithi. Ububanzi amacwecwe kuxhomekeke imifuziselo ekungabonini ukusuka 0.4 ukuya 1.0 mm. Xa indawo ukusebenza amacwecwe acofiweyo ngokuqinileyo omnye komnye. Oku velisa amajelo ezincinane slotted. Kwicala ngaphambili kukho umsantsa okhethekileyo gasket yerabha (itywina) ukusetha. Ukongeza, kukho imingxunya kwamagqabi, eziyimfuneko ukuze ubonelelo kunye nokususwa kwamanzi. Kwimeko enye apertures idabi enikiweyo inkqubo vee amanzi, ukuphelisa indlela elisetyenziswa ezingqongileyo ashushu nabandayo.

Ngokudala counterflow phakathi bume ezimbini sele iphunyelelwe ngcono kuphela iseti ubushushu, kodwa transfer ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nokumelana ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi iphantsi kakhulu. Musa ukuba kakubi kuthi ukuba umgaqo esisiseko ukusebenza isekelwe kwi counter, oko kukuthi, intshukumo zokufudumeza kunye zokufudumeza fluid kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ukuze ngaphandle Ukuxuba ukucwangcisa imitywino yerabha kabini okanye ipleyiti yesinyithi. Inani neepleyiti nemijelo zisenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokusebenza izixhobo. Ngaphambi kokuba adale kubanjwe uyilo thermal of kubananisi ubushushu, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukumisela indlela ngokupheleleyo nokusebenza. Ngamanye amaxesha sebenzisa aluminiyamu zexabiso ukuba ningoyiki lokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiindawo ngqwabalala.

sokufudumeza Plate-fin

Ort isetyenziselwa ukudlulisela nobushushu kumajelo non-bako, kwaye sukube ngendlela ebanzi uluhlu ubushushu, ukususela -270 ukuya +200 degrees Celsius. Uxinzelelo kwinkqubo besukelana 100 umoya yaye zikhokelwa cleaner. I-design ingcamango yokuba zisetyenziswe kwindawo exabe kumacala omabini nembasa. Icebo ngokwawo iqulathe iimbambo eziliqela, yaye apho transfer ubushushu lwenziwa phakathi eendaba. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba finned ipleyiti bubushushu umzimba kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo iintlobo iimbambo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba utshintshe inani lweempawu zokusebenza kunye nobugcisa. Amaninzi ungabona i elintlangothi eliqhubayo siziinduli. Kodwa ngaphandle kwezi, kukho kwakhona ngakumbi nezingaqhelekanga, ezifana tubing kunye enamaxolo. Njengoko izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo engakange metal. ubukhulu labo lilawulwa ngokuxhomekeke uxinzelelo kwinkqubo kunye kulwelo esetyenzisiweyo.

Amaxesha amaninzi ezi ntlobo kubananisi ubushushu eyenziwe ezahlukeneyo iindidi zendlela kwemali. Eyona ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa counter, kodwa ubambe scheme uniflow kunye emnqamlezweni. Ukuba, ke, intetho emfutshane malunga amandla ezifana nezixhobo, iqashiso labo. Okokuqala, ukuba iimpawu yokusebenza, ezifana ubushushu olukhawulezayo namandla. Okwesibini, ukuba ubukhulu encinane. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi bathi yinto kubananisi ubushushu fin zezona ogqibeleleyo. Eyona ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ort kumacandelo afana amandla, yokucokisa ioli, iikhemikhali kunye namashishini mboni. Konke oku kungenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu yeenzuzo, kwakunye noluhlu olubanzi kolwelo kunye noxinzelelo kwinkqubo.

Shell kunye nobushushu ityhubhu yoyilo umzimba & iimpawu

Ubushushu izixhobo transfer uhlobo ngaphezulu, oko sele ngazo, akukho popular njenge iiyunithi iqokobhe kunye ityhubhu. Ezi zixhobo, ezithi abakhankanywe ekuqaleni, le nguqulelo elula - inkqubo "umbhobho kumbhobho". Miso nokuvutha kwale hlobo yinkqubo (umqadi) iityhubhu leyo ibekwa istili. Zavaltsovyvayut tube kunye welding, ukuze umzimba imveliso. Kwezinye iimeko, umphunga olongezelelweyo. Oku kukuqinisekisa 100% yobunzima. Izindlu inikwa kunye nemilomo ezongezelelweyo. Abanye kufuneka unikezele umphunga, abanye - ukususa condensate. Ukongeza, xa kukho cross-emkhusaneni, ezisetyenziswa ukuxhasa kwimibhobho kobushushu lonke ubude yunithi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iqokobhe kunye ityhubhu kubananisi ubushushu zisetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu degrees 190 Celsius okanye elizele uxinzelelo umphunga ngaphezulu kwe bar 15.

Nayiphi na inkqubo, okuthetha intshukumo kolwelo ukuba lungakhuseleki waterhammer. Le meko ekwaziyo ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo angarhoxisa izixhobo ngaphandle yenkonzo. Ukuze uphephe oku, sebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto zokugcina, ebizwa njalo-tank kwakhula. Kodwa kwimeko yethu akukho kuyimfuneko, ngokuba kubananisi iqokobhe nobushushu tube kubo izinzile kakhulu. Ukongezelela, musa ukubeka iimfuno phambili engqongqo ekuhlambululeni kokusingqongileyo. A Ububi ebalulekileyo yale zixhobo kukuba zonke iintlobo kubananisi nokuvutha kwale hlobo zezi metal-olunzulu kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela iindleko yokugqibela kunye nobukhulu.

sokufudumeza izixhobo zegesi

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba nayiphi na into eqinileyo amafutha okanye igesi kwibhoyila yeyona sokufudumeza kuyilo yayo, nabo zibizwa ngokuba izifudumezi. Iindidi eziphambili siye saxubusha nani. Njengoko uqaphele, iintlobo ezithile ezisetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo mveliso. Ezinye izixhobo baye bafumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, abanye asetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso kunye ezingangeniyo enye. Kwimeko yethu, kukho ukusetyenziswa kubananisi ubushushu tubular kunye nembasa. Kwimeko yokuqala sisebenzisana kunye nenkqubo ngemibhobho kwindawo yesibini - amacwecwe. Enyanisweni, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo sokufudumeza ukuba ikholam gas kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno eziliqela. Okokuqala, kukho ubushushu transfer lomlingani ephakamileyo, yaye okwesibini, ukuba ixesha elide yaye ukumelana kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izinto ithandwayo ubhedu, i-aluminiyamu nensimbi. Le ndlela yokugqibela ingaphantsi Kukhethwa, ukusukela ngentsimbi onjalo enobunzima enkulu, nto leyo lihlisa ukusebenza. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko a sokufudumeza ukuba ikholam gas kufuneka ube neminyaka emi-5.

isiphelo

Ngoko kwakhona kunye nani iintlobo eziphambili sokufudumeza. Ngaphandle ingqalelo baba iintlobo ezifana kozhuhoplastinchatye. Enyanisweni ke, musa kakhulu kwahluka kwipleyiti zoqobo okanye finned. Kodwa ungakwazi ukufumana iziko ukuba ibhate kunye sokufudumeza kokuba istili. Noko ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka isitshixo kukuba izixhobo iyamelana amaqondo aphezulu kunye uxinzelelo zokusebenza. Apho izindlu ingenziwa ngezinto ezifana titanium, intsimbi engatyiwa okanye carbon zentsimbi. Kunika umdla ukubona ukuba ezikweni kuhlamba kunye nolophu oguquguqula kozhuhoplastinchatym kulawulwa kakuhle ngu pair, okanye condensate, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo kukho inzuzo enkulu. Enyanisweni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba agqibe ibali, ngenxa yokuba ngoku uyazi malunga kubananisi ubushushu zonke ufuna.