Technology amaqula zokomba amanzi. Types of imithombo yamanzi

Kwiindawo ezininzi, xa ungakwazi ukudibanisa ubonelelo lwamanzi esembindini asebenzise kugrunjwa yemithombo amanzi aphansti. Uyazimela imithombo kumphezulu ungcoliseko elime yamatye amanzi phantsi komhlaba, njengoko umthetho, ukuhlangabezana imigangatho yococeko emiselwe le njongo uluntu amanzi. Xa nyulu ngakumbi edlula isixhobo filter, zinaso amanzi okusela yodidi oluphezulu.

Oko Ufanele Ukwazi

Ukuchaza iikhrayitheriya inkqubo yokukhetha amanzi kakuhle yokomba ubunzulu kwinqanaba komhlaba kunye namatye icandelo yedeskthopi, nto leyo ukuba kombiwe. okhethwe ngokuchanekileyo imithombo yokomba neteknoloji amanzi ikuvumela ukuba bazogrumba ngokukhawuleza ukuze uphephe iingozi ngexesha kusombiwa. Ngenxa yoko, kuya kunika ithuba lokuba ukufumana isivuno aphezulu kwezi meko Isakhiwo yeyantlukwano.

Nto leyo ethetha ukuba iteknoloji ye ukugrumba amaqula phantsi kwamanzi? Le ndlela kwaye imo ukwaphuka emaweni ezahlukeneyo, ukucoca iindonga wellbore kwaye ukulungisa oko, amanzi nesixhobo sokwamkela nesabelo.

Indlela ukubhola

Kuba ukwakhiwa imithombo yamanzi enzonzobila ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ubuchule bezi rotary kunye intambo. Drilling Technology amanzi ezi iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ze nganye ukuvumela ukuba ukusebenzisa ngaphandle kwemiqathango kuzo zonke iimeko. Drilling Technology amanzi isixhobo kunye ujikeleziso lwesixhobo mgawuli (isuntswana) kweli nqaku inika umzekelo Screw kunye nendlela rotary.

Isixhobo sokubhola ukubhola technology

Ematyeni sandy kunye Udongwe musa ziqulathe inclusions ezinkulu, into ukugrumba iseti bit kunye sokubhola ohambisa iliwa eweva ukusuka phezulu lada lesa phantsi. Yeentlobo ezimbini isixhobo zokomba sokubhola ukuba iqula lamanzi kummandla kunye nesakhiwo kakuhle behlolisisa zejoloji wayedla ukubulawa rhoqo yokusabela okuqhubekayo uhambo stope kunye kokujikeleza. Apho kuyimfuneko ukufumana ulwazi kwizinga eliphezulu malunga iintlobo kunye nobunzulu kwazo, indlela isebenza ubuso lesangqa.

moya Rhoqo (flow-line yokomba) - iliwa ezisukwe zamiselwa ikholam sokubhola ngaphezulu. Nzulu drill incremented ngezikhonkwane ezongezelelweyo. Yenza ukuba idle kwesanti ngaphandle maleko yohlobo olunye lwe intlenga okanye ezinye rocks ethambileyo. isantya ojikeleza ngaso of ngezikhonkwane 250-300 ISityhi / min. Akuvumelekile ekufakeni ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuze uphephe blade rock ukuphuphuma kunye jamming le projectile kwi emngxunyeni ngenxa yesi sizathu. umthwalo okwaneleyo - ubunzima ubunzima kunye Screw yayo rotator.

Ezingxondorheni zeplastiki kunye udongwe kusetyenziswa tugoplastichnyh isiphekepheke stope - sokubhola bit ze kwikholam rock vburivaetsya, kulandele nezokukhupha ngenxa ukucocwa eweva esisangqa abaninzi. Ixabiso ubhaptizo uhambo ngaphakathi imitha 1. isantya ojikeleza ngaso phakathi 100 hayi ngaphezulu kwe 300 Rev / min. Layisha 500 N.

Ematyeni ababuthathaka basike ukusebenzisa ikholam helical sokubhola - ukuba ziqinisiwe ukuya kubunzulu othile waza sirhoxiswe ngaphandle ukujikeleza sokutsala into ngentambo.

Ubuso babona ukuba ngezikhonkwane coring ezizodwa, uvumela ukuba ndikhuphe engundoqo (kwikholam bemba amatye) ngaphandle kushenxiswe drill woguqulelo kumphezulu. imo ukubhola: 60-250 Rev / min, ixabiso ukusabela 0.4 ukuya 2.0 m iyasetyenziswa, le kunokwembiwa amaqula amanzi ngamaxesha iteknoloji, ikakhulu imibutho zejoloji ejongene ukuhlola kunye ngaxeshanye enza imithombo yamanzi yokomba ..

Technology ukubhola rotationally-rotary

Ngale ndlela ke ifumana rate umthondo omkhulu nemihlathi ezinkulu umbhobho kwimveliso. Bobubi ziquka mudding (claying) akhwifa, iindleko eziphezulu yokulungiselela yodaka, ininzi kakhulu amanzi ukususa namaqula ilahleko yamanzi recovery kunina, nitywine kude ngexesha kusombiwa.

Kakhulu asoloko ehamba kunye esetyenziswa kunye yokuhlamba umgca rotary: iliwa wamginya ebusweni bazisa ngaphezulu eludakeni Impontshelwa kulo kakuhle ngokusebenzisa pump drill ngentonga. Kufuneka ukumelana uqina upflow kuluhlu 0.5 - 0.75 m / umzuzwana. Afundwa kuyasa okuhlamba isisombululo kwimimandla kakhulu ziye - kunye ne elitshisiweyo kumagqabi ukuqhekeka. Drillers kufuneka ukuba bawajonge ngenyameko ukuba imo yokombiwa ukunciphisa umthwalo yezihlunu kunye nokuhlamba kakuhle wondla, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunqanda projectile wanamathela.

Akukho mfuneko ukusukela isantya esiphezulu ngomatshini, kuphunyezwa ngokwandisa inani revolutions: oko igcwele iingozi. WOB kunye isantya ojikeleza ngaso zilawulwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ekugqithwa, ubukhulu be bit kunye kombiwa nogwali, imali yokuhlamba ulwelo.

Ingeniso kufuneka incitshiswe ukuba:

• magnifications zabaluma parameter;
• ukunciphisa ububanzi we drill umtya;
• ukwandisa inqaba zeengxondorha yingxonde yakhe;
• alternation lamanqanaba kunye amancinci amandla (ukuya ku 1.5 m).

On Ufakelo rotary BDS kunye nohlobo BA usebenza ngokusisiseko kwi ngezantya II- III. Ukungena dongwe nodongwe-isanti rocks oluqhutywa phaya 300-400 Rev / min (Izinga III-IV). Kuba amaplanga oluphakathi Fortress (ilitye, lekalika, Marl) enciphisa ukujikeleza plane ukusuka 200 ukuya 300 Rev / min. liliwa eliligwiba agrunjiwe yi-bit ujikelezo isantya 100-200 ISityhi / min.

Driller esweni ngokusondeleyo imo zokomba, ukunciphisa umthwalo yezihlunu kwaye kakuhle besondla ukuhlamba ukuphepha projectile wanamathela. Lo mzuzu lokuvula akhwifa ibhaqa ukuhla ngequbuliso eludakeni nokunyusa nomthwalo injini. isisombululo kwegazi kuphazanyiswa kwimimandla kakhulu ziye - izithole ze ushiye umxube ezinjengokwaphuka.

Ukuba rocks amanzi ngokuzala zomthonyama iintanda ezincinane, yotyando lwenziwa kunye nesisombululo esifaneleyo lodongwe esemgangathweni ukuze zinongezele ziphezu kwayo ngaphezulu.

Water Drilling Technology isixhobo encinane yokomba ubuchule oomatshini enamandla efanayo.

umsebenzi eyeleleneyo

Ayanda ngemibhobho ezigcinwe wellbore emva kusombiwa. metal Applied, asbestos isamente kunye neetyhubhu zeplastiki. Uhlobo lokucoca ulwelo (egqojozwe okanye njengonombombiya) ikhethiwe kuxhomekeke emanzini ngokuzala rock.

Ngaphambi kokufaka isisombululo lokucoca indawo kumcinga, umlinganiselo enqwenelekayo hayi ngaphezulu kwe 1.15. Emva kokufaka lokucoca nangoko ahlambe kakuhle ngamanzi. Okulandelayo, a zhelonirovanie umngxuma - isimiso selitye ulwelo ampontshwa ukusuka bailer kakuhle. Xa kuhlanjwa kwaye okukhulu ukuvela kuyo baqale zokumpompa isanti airlift. Nomhla zentlabathi kunye namanzi apha naphaya ukuba ukugqiba ingcaciso pump ngwenya.

impembelelo yamandla yayoma

Cable-kwavuleka indlela ngaphandle iingxaki angenwa lulwelo ezingcakacileyo (ngaphantsi kwe-1 m). Singakwazi ukufumana ubuninzi bomyinge wamanzi - Water ngokuzala rocks nezaglinizirovany. musa Kufuneka zokumpompa ixesha elide.

Indlela esetyenzisiweyo:

• kwiindawo kabi wafunda;
• kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu apho kungekho manzi ukulungiselela isisombululo;
• xa kuyimfuneko uvavanyo lwexa elizayo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo;
• ngokuba igcwele ubudeki omkhulu ekuqaleni.

Ezingeloncedo cable-zokomba:

• Izinga Ukungena amancinci;
• ukusetyenziswa eliphezulu mibhobho i cased;
• imida ubunzulu zokomba (150 m).

Normal Khawuleza svobodnopadayuschie projectile mboleko. Kuyinto bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo ingcambu ka'B ukuphakama ukuwa: olwandayo ukuphakama ngaphezu ekubulaweni bit ekuphulukenwe umoya uyancipha rhoqo and vice versa kunye nokunciphisa ephakame kwandisa inani ibetha.

Sidinga amandla kunye unekhono

Xa ivela isipili komhlaba nzulu (idla ngokuba amanzi komhlaba) kunye necandelo zejoloji, eyakhiwa zamatye evakalala, xa inxalenye eyakhelwe-up iimeko imxinwa kakuhle azakwembiwa, ukusebenzisa eqatha abantu force - 2 ngokwaneleyo.

Drilling Technology indlela manual amanzi ilula. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa indlela Lahla okanye isixhobo sokubhola.

Ngokuba uqhuba steel le umbhobho enobubanzi -1 intshi yayo pre-cut ibe ubude kangangeemitha ezi-2 okanye ezi-3. Ngelo eziphelweni ukwenza ngentambo zangaphandle. Ngenxa kukuqiniswa inxalenye umbhobho uya ukuqhagamshela yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa kunye intambo lwangaphakathi. Bokwenziwa incam ezizodwa steel (shank) njenge cone ogama ububanzi elide 1 cm umbhobho kwisiseko. Yena welding kumbhobho. Malunga enye ubude ngokweemitha kwincam tube (60 cm ngokwaneleyo) yabelwa kudidi lokucoca - isixhobo vodoprinimayuschee for ukungena emthonjeni wamanzi akhwifa. 6 mm ngokumba imingxuma yenza ngaphandle-5 cm.

Yambathani nelungiselelo kumbhobho ngedolo iinxalenye ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala - abutment kunye kumngxuma etsobhileyo phantsi umbhobho. eKFC okuqala ezinkulu ngaphezu sangqa kumphandle ityhubhu silawulwe 5 mm, nto leyo olwaneleyo ukuze ifakwe umsantsa ukusuka ezantsi noxolelwano ezimbini - sika povdol sisinyithi cone thumbanails. Ubukhulu be cone ubutsolo sangqa lilikhulu kancinci umbhobho, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe iyeke output beso. Isigaba sesibini - Njengokungeniswa "mfazi", umthwalo kunye imbobo ukuba umbhobho kunye izibambo ezimbini ephakamisa phezu kocingo.

Xa yandisa abafazi mzuzu yempembelelo igxile ezintweni ifakiwe emngxunyeni uze ugcine ucingo umbhobho 'iingalo' zabo. Emva uqhuba ingxenye tube cone emboss, ukwandisa tube, svinchivaya kunye umbuzo olandelayo. Permute abutment kunye noxolelwano banxibe "Babu" nogwali ukuba aqhubeke Ukuxinana ze-akhwifa. Ngamaxesha athile, umbhobho kufuneka aze ajikeleziswe malunga esqwini.

Imbonakalo amanzi equleni ixhomekeke ngokwehlisa kwindawo sinker ebotshelelwe umtya. Ukuba uya kusivusa umanzi phezulu, ngoko loo iqula uye nzulu yamanzi. Kubalulekile "slip" lo maleko namanzi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba shiya ekupheleni egqojozwe kombhobho engxondorheni ngamanzi-ayegcwele. Kwaye uqale ku yokumpompela pump ngesandla lokuqala miniskvazhiny. Njengoko Ukucacisa amanzi kwenzekile ukuba amanzi afakwe kumphezulu pump yombane.

Manual sokubhola imithombo yamanzi yokomba - ubuchwepheshe efanayo naleyo echazwe ngoncedo isixhobo yayo indawo apha ngabantu ababini. Kakade ke, imida ye imo zokomba mechanical abanako ukugcina up. Ezinye neengcibi indawo amandla ebonakalayo kwi seli.

Imithombo yamanzi kusombiwa

Ithekhnoloji into elula kunye neendleko amancinane izinto, amandla kunye nexesha. Imiqathango - kakuhle kubunzulu ukuya kwi-10 m, i cut esongiweyo zemihlaba evakalala.

Izixhobo - Impompo "Inkwenkwana", umthamo wendawo yokucoca amanzi (phezulu ivolyum, ngcono, kodwa ungakwazi umphanda 200 iilitha). Isango ngokuya ityhubhu yenziwe ngemibhobho emibini kunye umsesane eligaqa.

Iimathiriyeli: umbhobho we-120 mm kunye nobude ubunzulu kakuhle. Xa nameva ekupheleni zikhabane shwaka, isiphelo esisangqa eliphezulu mayixhotyiswe ingono, kuya kumpompoza umbhobho apho amanzi Umphanda phantsi koxinzelelo owadalwa impompo "Baby". Kuba obandayo le esisangqa ukuya elunxwemeni ityhubhu welding tab 4 imigodi iibholiti M10.

Labour force: kulula ukuba ukusebenza kunye. Ixesha elichithwa - iimitha 6 kwii-obambe iiyure 1-2.

Ukubhola Process: dig kubunzulu emhadini malunga omnye imitha, ibekwe nkqo kumbhobho kunye zokumpompa ibe kuyo amanzi. Amanzi eshiya ngalo isiphelo elisezantsi kunye siphume, iya kukuhlambulula umhlaba, lokukhulula isithuba phantsi kumbhobho eya kutshona phantsi ubunzima bayo. Kuyimfuneko kuphela, behlunguzela, kokutshintsha ugwali, ukuya amazinyo crumbled eweni. Amasuntswana rock agrunjiwe phantsi koxinzelelo zibekwe kunye ngamanzi sump. Kulo kunokuba ibheyile kunye, ukuhluza, kwakhona usetyenziselwe ukuthoba. Ukufikelela-akhwifa le, susa esisangqa ukuya equleni phantsi inqanaba lamanzi, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba afike ezantsi, impompo kwamanzi ukumpompa.

Types of imithombo yamanzi

Zahlula-hlulwe besfiltrovye kunye lokucoca ulwelo. Besfiltrovye kakuhle saneliswa angenwa lulwelo yabhalwa kwesanti ocoliweyo-olungisiweyo okanye ematyeni zisekelwa ngaso. Kweminye filter akhwifa ekhethiweyo kuxhomekeke amaqhezu yamanzi-lokuzala rock.