Pon-technology - network nje optic

Ukwandiswa kwabathengi Internet abaphulaphuli iinkonzo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abasebenzisi broadband kufuna kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha. unxibelelwano Data ndikuvuse rhoqo umthamo imigca, nto leyo eyenza uhlaziyo iinkampani inkonzo channels ulwazi. Kodwa ngaphandle yokukhula ukudluliselwa data kwenzeka neengxaki abahlukileyo, leyo zibonakaliswa ukwanda kweendleko zeenkonzo networks okukhulu ngakumbi nokwandisa uluhlu iimfuno zokuphela-umsebenzisi. Enye indlela ukwandisa intsebenzo inkqubo pon-nonxibelelwano lwezobuchwephetshe bebonke, nayo leyo ikuvumela ukugcina amandla kothungelwano ukwandisa ngakumbi izakhono zabo kunye nokusebenza.

ifayibha Optical nobuchwepheshe pon

Uphuhliso entsha iququzelela umbutho yobugcisa kunye nokusebenza gqolo lothungelwano ugqithiso lwedata ulwazi, kodwa oku kuphunyezwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa iingenelo eqhelekileyo links ezamehlo. Nanamhlanje, kwisiqalo ekuqalisweni kwe izinto eziphakamileyo zobugcisa yaqhubeka ukusetyenziswa Imisele phezu abalupheleyo ngababini yefoni neendlela xDSL. Ngokucacileyo, le yothungelwano ngezi zinto ungaphinda uphelelwa kwimigca ifayibha-yafakwa kakuhle, nto leyo nayo asikwazi kuthathwe njengento elinemveliso imilinganiselo namhlanje.

Elinye kwiinethiwekhi zomthonyama wireless amajelo onxibelelwano uye wakhuthaza kudala kukho ifayibha optical. Kodwa ukuba phambi kokuba kungekabekwa iintambo yaba umsebenzi onzima ukuba imibutho emininzi, amacandelo namhlanje enombala ziye lula kakhulu ngakumbi. Eneneni, ngaphambi kokuba ifayibha yasetyenziselwa nokulondoloza abathengi abaqhelekileyo, kuquka Ethernet. Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba uphuhliso uthungelwano ezonxibelelwano ezisekelwe kwi-Micro-SDH lwezakhiwo, wavula up izisombululo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo. Nje kule nkqubo yaye bafumana ukusebenzisa kwayo ingqikelelo uthungelwano pon.

inethiwekhi emgangathweni

Imizamo yokuqala ngokusesikweni iteknoloji ziye zenziwa kwi-1990, xa kukho iqela leenkampani ngomnxeba wayezibuza ingcamango ku tiva ku umkhuba ingcamango ukufikelela multiple kwisixando ifayibha eyodwa okubonakalayo. Ngenxa yoko, lo mbutho igama FSAN, edibanisa kunye nabasebenzisi, kunye nabavelisi izixhobo womnatha. Eyona njongo ephambili ukudala kunye FSAN iphakheji kunye nezikhokelo jikelele kunye neemfuno ukuphuhlisa pon yentsimbi kubavelisi izixhobo kunye nabaniki nkonzo angasebenza ndawonye ingxenye efanayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ikhonkco isixando, ngokusekelwe ubugcisa pon, imibutho ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ITU-T, ATM kunye ETSI.

Umgaqo yezenzo womnatha

Eyona iphambili ingcamango pon kukuba izibonelelo ngokusekelwe imodyuli eyodwa elinoxanduva imisebenzi ukudluliswa kwedatha yolwamkelo. Eli candelo ibekwe kwi Olt le nkqubo yaye ivumela esiludumbo ngundoqo nikhonze ezininzi barhumela zolwazi yhuu. Izixhobo ekupheleni receiver lenza ONT, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, wenza njengoko samaza. Inani lezikhululo rhumela odityaniswe ukwamkelwa umnqongo engundoqo kunye yokusasaza, ixhomekeke kuphela amandla kunye nezixhobo ubuninzi Velocity ezisetyenziswa pon. Obu bugcisa, xa umgaqo, ayithi simele inani labathathi-nxaxheba kwi-network, kodwa ngenxa ngokusetyenziswa kangangoko iiprojekthi thethwano lomnxeba, abaphuhlisi kusekho wabeka izithintelo ezithile ngokungqinelana ngoqwalaselo kothungelwano ethile. Broadcast kolwazi ukusuka zeyunithi ukwamkelwa-yokusasaza ngundoqo neyunithi ubulungu olwenziwa necandelo ngamaza 1550 NM. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuhamba data umva ukusuka izixhobo nkonzo ukuya Olt kudluliselwa kwi ngamaza 1310 NM. Ezi kwemali kufuneka ziqwalaselwe zodwa.

Phambili zidlule reverse

Eyona eziphambili (okt ngqo) kwemali evela central imodyuli womnatha ubhekisela zosasazo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umgca icandelo woqondo ukuhamba data ngokubanzi, egxininisa emasimini idilesi. Ngaloo ndlela, iyunithi nganye rhumela "ifundeka" ulwazi kuphela senzelwe kuye. Umgaqo lonikezelo data ukuze kubizwa ngokuba demultipleksornym.

Ngenxa yoko, i-reverse flow usebenzisa umgca enye ukusasaza data kubo bonke ababhalisele eqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi. Ekubeni icebo kwisahlulo ixesha ukufikelela ezininzi. Ukuze ngaphandle amathuba imiyalezo yokuwela ukusuka balwamkele data ezininzi ngamnye isixhobo yababhalisi node ine kwithayimthebhile ngamnye lokutshintshiselana data kuhlenga zokulibaziseka. Lo mgaqo jikelele ukuba ifezekiswe ubuchwepheshe pon, ngokwemiqathango impefumlelwano umnqongo receiver-samaza kunye abasebenzisi ekupheleni. Noko ke, uthungelwano Le uqwalaselo yesekethe kunokuba topologies ezahlukeneyo.

Ithopholoji, "Khomba ku- Khomba"

Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo P2P ukuba ukwenziwa ngenxa imigangatho efanayo, kunye neeprojekthi ezizodwa ezibandakanya, umzekelo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa. Amachaphaza zokhuseleko yababhalisi uqhagamshelo Internet yale hlobo lunika ukhuselo liphezulu linokufikelelwa lothungelwano ezinjalo. Kodwa ngokubekwa umgca enombala ukuze umsebenzisi ngamnye ikhutshwa phandle ngokwahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ixabiso yokulungelelanisa amajelo ezinjalo kwandisa kakhulu. Ngandlel 'ithile, oku akuxhaphakanga, kodwa womnatha ngamnye, nangona ziko, nto leyo isebenza iyunithi rhumela kwakhona kukhonza abanye abasebenzisi. Ngokubanzi, le ndlela kufanelekile kwababhalisele enkulu ukuba umgca wokhuseleko kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo.

Yethopholoji efanayo "ring"

Esi sikimu lusekelwe SDH loqwalaselo kwaye ziyachazwa kakuhle networks kuntlahlahlungulu. Kwelinye icala, uhlobo isangqa optic angaphantsi ngempumelelo ngokusebenza uthungelwano ukufikelela. Ngoko ke, okuququzelela isixeko emendweni ua nodes ebalwe nangona kwibakala yoyilo, kodwa uthungelwano ukufikelela kwenza kube nzima ukuba bahlole kwangaphambili inani leeyunithi umrhumo.

Ngaphandle random uqhagamshelwano zexeshana kunye lwendawo beesekethe lwababhalisi ring kube kakhulu xaka. Ukuziqhelisa, a uqwalaselo enjalo aphela rhoqo ijike ibe wesekethe kwaphulwa ukuba nobuninzi bamasebe. Oku kwenzeka xa ukuqaliswa izikhokhelo ezitsha lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ziqwempu umsantsa okhoyo. Umzekelo, ikhonkco ukuze kuyilwa kweziporo ehambelana ngayo kumgca omnye. Isiphumo iintambo "eyaphukileyo 'ukuba ngexesha lokusebenza kunciphisa ukuthembeka network.

Iimpawu ze EPON izakhiwo

Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha uthungelwano pon kwabathengi Ukuhlanganisa omalunga kwitheknoloji Ethernet, kwenziwa ngo-2000, kukho iqonga yophuhliso imigaqo ukuyilwa kothungelwano iye yaba sesakhiwo EPON, kwaye njengoko standard engundoqo yaqaliswa imigaqo heee, ngokusekelwe apho izigqibo ngamanye mbutho zaphuhliswa uthungelwano pon. nobuchwepheshe EFMC, umzekelo, ithopholoji iinkonzo "indawo ukuze abonise" eliqeshe ngababini zobhedu, ephothiweyo. Kodwa namhlanje, le nkqubo phantse zange isetyenziswe ngokunxulumene lenguqu ukuya ifayibha. Njengoko enye indlela, iindawo athembisayo na ADSL technology-based nangoku.

Kule mihla uhlobo standard EPON kuphunyezwa iziphaluka eziliqela, kodwa imeko engundoqo embodiments zayo ukusetyenziswa imicu. Ukongeza ukusetyenziswa sisimo ezahlukileyo EPON pon standard connectivity technology ikwabonelela ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iinguqulelo ezithile transceiver ezamehlo.

Iimpawu ze GPON izakhiwo

GPON bokwakha ivumela ukuphumeza ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi ngokusekelwe APON standard. Ekuhambeni yokusebenza lwezibonelelo umbutho yokwandisa Isithuba network, ngokunjalo ukudala iimeko ukuba izicelo zokudluliswa ngakumbi kakuhle. GPON na isakhiwo isakhelo lokukala evumela ulwazi ukukhonza ababhalisele kwiirhafu ukuhamba ukuya ku 2.5 Gbit / c. Ngaloo umva kwaye kwemali ngqo nakho ukusebenza efanayo okanye iindlela isantya eyahlukileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngo GPON womnatha ukufikelela yoqwalaselo zinganika naluphi encapsulation ibe protocol zothutho nokuba inkonzo yolunye. Ukuba SDH zinokuphunyezwa kwisahlulo kuphela kwamagxa bands, le GPON protocol isakhiwo esitsha GFP lo gama kugcinwe iimpawu benqwanqwa SDH kwaye ivumela ulwabiwo olutshintshayo bands.

ubuhle be ubuchwepheshe

Phakathi okulungileyo Imisonto optic e Scheme pon kukhutshwe ihlangane oluphakathi phakathi kwe sixhobo engundoqo kunye ngumamkeli-isikhokhelo, uqoqosho, lula uqhagamshelwano kunye serviceability. Ubukhulu becala ezi iingenelo ngenxa umbutho ubengo yothungelwano. Umzekelo, uqhagamshelwano Internet ilungiselelwa ngqo, ngoko ukungaphumeleli omnye iiyunithi rhumela osecaleni awuchaphazeli ukusebenza kwayo. Nangona uluhlu lwabasebenzisi, Kakade ke, kudityaniswe uqhagamshelwano ukuya kwenye unit central, nto leyo ebonisa umgangatho wenkonzo kweziseko bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Kufuneka kwakhona ukuqwalasela umthi yethopholoji P2MP, nto leyo ngamajelo woqondo kakhulu eliphezulu. Esi uqwalaselo inikeza umsebenzi womnatha kungakhathaliseki indawo yababhalisi nodes Ngenxa imigca yokuhambisa olunoqoqosho abafumana kwaye edlulisa ulwazi. Ngelo xesha wavumela ukusungulwa abasebenzisi abatsha ngaphandle iinguqu ezinkulu kubume okhoyo.

Ezingeloncedo of network pon

Wide isicelo obu bugcisa nangoku thile kuthintela imiba ebalulekileyo. Eyokuqala ukuntsonkotha nkqubo. iingenelo zokusebenza olu hlobo womnatha inokuba ufakwe kubonelelwa kuphela xa lokuqala uyilo umgangatho uphumezo ingqalelo bokuqonda ezininzi zobugcisa. Maxa wambi indlela yokuphuma iba pon ufikelelo kwezobuchwepheshe, obonelela umbutho kwenkqubo elula typological. Kodwa ke kule meko kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ezinye iintsilelo - ukunqongophala lweempawu komsebenzi.

ngaliphi inethiwekhi

Xa zonke izigaba zophuhliso kwesixokelelwano yesiphaluka yokuqala badlula kwaye lathatha amanyathelo zobugcisa, iingcali ziqala yokuvavanyelwa lwezibonelelo. Enye lwezalathisi eziphambili network lwenziwa ngokomgangatho balinganise eziphango emgceni. Uhlalutyo umjelo ubukho abahloli ezamehlo kusetyenziswa imimandla eziyingxaki. Yonke imilinganiselo zenziwa kwimigca esebenzayo usebenzisa multiplexers kunye izihluzi. Scale network zonxibelelwano ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa OTDR. Kodwa izixhobo kufuna uqeqesho olulodwa abasebenzisi, singasathethi ke into yokuba ezi ziqonde kufuneka bazibandakanye namaqela eengcali.

isiphelo

Nangona zonke iingxaki inguqu kwiinkampani ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezinikezela ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano, ngokukhawuleza bafunde izisombululo ngokwenene. Ngcembe saa kwaye kunzima iinkqubo yokusebenza fibre optic zobugcisa, ezibandakanya iteknoloji pon. "Rostelecom", umzekelo, waqalisa ukwazisa iinkonzo ngaphezulu ngefomathi entsha ngo-2013 Ukufikelela izakhono kothungelwano ezamehlo pon kuqala ukufumana abahlali kummandla iLeningrad. Yintoni eyona umdla, umboneleli-nkonzo uye walungiselela fibre-optic izibonelelo, kuquka iilali zasekuhlaleni. Ukuziqhelisa, oku kuya kuvumela ababhalisele ukonwabela kuphela ifowuni kunye ufikelelo kwi-intanethi, kodwa kwakhona ukudibanisa usasazo kumabonakude lwedijithali.