Parvovirus wosulelo ebantwaneni: iimpawu, unyango, iingxaki, ukutya

Ngelishwa, izifo ezosulelayo kunganzima ukuba ingqalelo lwepaki. iingxaki ezifanayo ziye zafumanisa xa kusenziwa ezingabantwana. Ngokutsho izifundo manani, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, basoloko abhalwe usulelo parvovirus ebantwaneni.

Isikakhulu sifo unomoya. Nangona kunjalo, le meko kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Yiloo nto, abazali abaninzi banomdla ingcaciso engaphezulu malunga nesi sifo. Yintoni unobangela wayo? Ziintoni iimpawu zokuqala zosulelo parvovirus? Ziziphi iingxaki ukuze nazo ngexesha unyango? Ingaba kukho amanyathelo oluphumelelayo lokunqanda? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo kuya kuba luncedo kubafundi abaninzi.

usuleleko Parvovirus: ntoni na?

elide ngolo hlobo amayeza mihla lisetyenziswa ukuchaza isifo etsolo esosulelayo leyo lukhatshwa izitshanguba umongo erythroid ngethambo, ngokulandelelana, ukuphazamiseka kweenkqubo hematopoiesis okwethutyana.

Kakhulu sivame ukuxilongwa usulelo parvovirus ebantwaneni. iimpawu zayo inokuba nomahluko ukusuka ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye oluthile jikelele kunye erythema nesiphelo, arthralgias kunye neentlekele aplastic. Kodwa abadala ezifana nesifo kwenzeka kakhulu alufane.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela izifo

Lwegciwane parvovirus usulelo - a parvovirus B19, lalo usapho parvoviruses. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kuphela ubunzima intsholongwane ayingozi ebantwini. Hi ndlela leyi, i-arhente causative yabhaqwa eNgilani ngowe-1975, xa uphando igazi. Igama "B19" wamkela isampuli serum, ukusuka apho eyedwa kuqala.

Le ntsholongwane incinane, netoti apho ayidluli 20-25 NM. Ithe ayaba iqokobhe engaphandle, yaye zibandakanya ifom capsid icosahedral. protein lokwakheka bayawarhawula enye "+" yaye "-"-DNA. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu uhlobo lwe intsholongwane iyamelana kakhulu ukuya bume zangaphandle - oko ukumelana ubushushu degrees 60 iiyure ezili-16.

B19 intsholongwane ayisebenzi ngokunxulumene kwizilwanyana. Phantsi kweemeko elebhu ukuba iyakwazi ukukhuliswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa iiseli siphu- erythrocyte, apho asuka umongo yabantu ithambo, imfesane yosana, okanye isibindi Palsy.

Ezi zifo kwenzeka ngalo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, kodwa uninzi ukugqabhuka zixhaphakile ebusika nasentlakohlaza. Ngexesha bhubhane ezikolweni kunye namanye amaziko oluntu wagula malunga 20-60% abantwana. Noko ke, abaninzi abosulelwe kwenzeka esi sifo ngaphandle naziphi na iimpawu buqapheleke.

transmission umendo wayo nangoku ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Kukholelwa ukuba uyakwazi usenokosuleleka ngexesha ukunxibelelana njengomthuthi losulelo, kodwa kuphela ukuba isifo sakhe phezu ibakala viremia (ntsholongwane ngenkuthalo uphinda phinda emzimbeni). amasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini angene kokusingqongileyo kunye imfihlelo kunye yencindi ukusuka phecana eliphezulu zemiphunga. Ukongeza, usulelo enokusasazwa kunye negazi ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ngenxa ukusasazeka ngokubanzi intsholongwane, abazali abaninzi namhlanje banomdla umbuzo wokuba yintoni na iimpawu zosulelo parvovirus ihamba. Unyango, nobunzima, uthintelo - konke oku lulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ufunde.

Pathogenesis legciwane

Parvovirus wosulelo ebantwaneni iphuhliswe ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Kwisigaba sokuqala kukho esebenzayo yintsholongwane phindana, ukunxila, kwakunye ukhetho amasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini kokusingqongileyo (ngculazi ngeli xesha abanaso kakhulu).

Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokosulelwa yomzimba kuvela iimpawu oqhelekileyo ukunxila, zazo ukugula abaqhelekileyo okanye ebandayo. Ngokukodwa, izigulane ezikhala Ukugodola, icesina kancinane, lidiniwe izihlunu iintlungu, ayeqaqanjelwa, ukurhawuzelela kancinane, intloko ebuhlungu. Ehlabathini xesha, kwakukho ukuhla okungephi kwinqanaba ihemoglobin, okuhlala iintsuku 7-10. Uphononongo wegazi ingabonwa wobulali neutropenia, thrombocytopenia kunye nkovu.

Emva kweentsuku malunga 17-18 emva kokosuleleka iqala isigaba sesibini sifo. Veliswa kunye virus zodwa ziyakupheliswa. 20-22 imini umntwana basenokufumana irhashalala iimpawu, yaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa - intlungu kwamalunga. Kwelinye icala, ezi mpawu azikho zonke iimeko - abanye abantwana ubunzima ukugula njenge sifo eqhelekileyo.

Parvovirus wosulelo ebantwaneni kunye abadala kwisigaba sesibini ihamba kunye nokuveliswa omzimba athile - immunoglobulin M G, izihloko nezibalulekileyo kakhulu moshilongo efanelekileyo. Ke kaloku, immunoglobulins G zigcinwa egazini kangangethuba ixesha elide, maxa wambi ubomi. izifundo zeLebhu lubonisa ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senani labemi behlabathi ezi izilwa-buhlungu, nangona abaninzi kubo sifo sele idlule siyathandaza.

Izigulane abaphethwe igazi kakhulu, okanye immunodeficiency (kuquka usulelo lwe-HIV), sidlulisele isifo nelunzima kakhulu uninzi lwawo. Amaxesha amaninzi ngokuchasene nemvelaphi lomsebenzi parvovirus waphawula intshabalalo olunzulu wamathambo ngaloo ukugxojwa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo of hematopoiesis ukuya kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi. Ngaphezu koko, xa izigulane kunye ukuswela iinkqubo amajoni omzimba akukho upheliswe viremia, phindana wentsholongwane egazini uqhubeka, ephelekwa izibhaxu ngakumbi umzimba.

erythema esosulelayo

Parvovirus wosulelo ebantwaneni (umfanekiso) Idla kukuvela erythema. Loo urhulumente kuthathwa ukubonakalalisa yeyona ixhaphakileyo zokosuleleka. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "isifo sesihlanu". Eli gama Kwathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, njengokuba sisigulo efanayo wayengomnye izifo ezosulelayo ixhaphakileyo ezintandathu, ezo zihamba ekubonakalisweni esikhumbeni.

Amaninzi, ibonakala njengokuba isifo parvovirus ebantwaneni - kukujaduka yimilo imibala eqaqambileyo kunye namabala amakhulu zivela kakhulu kwi nemihlathi (oku uphawu yaziwa ngokuba "ngempama esidleleni"). Amaninzi, ufunga maculopapular, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba vesicular okanye ukopha. Abanye abantwana bangamelana ngokulula usulelo, ngoxa abanye ezikhala ukurhawuzelela kakhulu. Ukujaduka kuthe kwaqhenqetha ngokukhawuleza kwi somzimba, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi iyalahleka ngokwayo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Noko ke, kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, nizuzane iqhuma ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kaninzi oku kwenzeka ngokuchasene nentsukaphi umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni, nobushushu, emzimbeni, ukuqubha, utshintsho kabukhali iimeko zemozulu okanye phantsi kweemeko uxinezeleko.

samathambo Acute kunye arthralgia nosulelo

Ngoko nangoko ke paha ukuba umntwana usulelo parvovirus lunqabe kunye nesifo ngokuhlangeneyo. Noko ke, le ingxaki Kusengenzeka, yaye ngokufuthi kwenzeka elivisayo (amantombazana ezisengozini kakhulu kule meko).

umonakalo Joint inokwenzeka zombini imvelaphi jikelele sisifo wentsholongwane egazini, ngoko kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Qho wabona umonakalo kumalungu kwisihlahla, isandla, iqatha kunye amadolo, nangona ngokwenkcazo eyingcingane sifo kungabangela ukudumba naliphi na ezidibeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha izigulane kufuneka arthralgias, ekhatshwa kusasa ukuqina. Noko ke, oko kunokwenzeka kunye nophuhliso ngokupheleleyo samathambo.

Yiloo nto kwezinye iimeko na usuleleko parvovirus ebantwaneni. Ezi iingxaki, Noko ke, iBhayibhile ithetha ukutshatyalaliswa intlala articular kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo Kwathi emva kweeveki ezimbalwa ngokwabo. Maxa wambi intlungu ukuqina namalungu kuhlala iinyanga, ngamanye amaxesha neminyaka - kwezi meko, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo diagnostic nezinyangayo.

crisis aplastic

usuleleko Parvovirus kakhulu kaninzi unobangela ntlekele ekuthiwa aplastic. Yinto imeko entle esiyingozi, nto leyo sikhatshwa ukuphazamiseka hematopoiesis obuqhelekileyo. Kukho amaqela umngcipheko athile, kuquka amathuba sentlekele iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, i imeko enjalo rhoqo waphawula kwizigulane igazi ezondeleyo hemolytic, igazi samathambo, thalassemia, fermentopathy. Imiba yomngcipheko nazo zibandakanya cell anemia irhengqa kunye hemoglobinuria paroxysmal ebusuku kunye microspherocytosis amafa.

Ukophulwa hematopoiesis - oku oko kunokukhokelela abantwana isifo parvovirus. Iimpawu obunzima aplastic - a igazi kakhulu, nto leyo sikhatshwa buthathaka kakhulu, ukozela, kunye pallor okuphawulekayo kwesikhumba. Kweso sifundo, usenokufumanisa ukuba iiseli erythroid kwi umongo bengekho. Kudla kukho ukuhla elibukhali komgangatho haemoglobin ukuya kwezisezantsi, kusongela izalathisi ubomi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kwegazi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwimeko lobunzima aplastic kukho viremia esebenzayo - iintsholongwane phinda ngokukhawuleza, faka egazini kunye angene kwezinye iithishu. Izigulane nalo unesifo ezi abathwali osulelo.

usuleleko intrauterine kunye neziphumo zawo

Ekusebenzeni izifo yokubelekisa wambi abhalwe foetal losuleleko parvovirus, iimpawu isaziso kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo kamama ngethuba lokukhulelwa ingakhokeleli usulelo olungekazalwa kwaye akukho neziphumo eziyingozi kwi mbungu na.

Noko ke, ingozi isekho. Ngokutsho kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani kunye nohlolo kweengcali, amaxesha amaninzi intsholongwane kukhokelela kubunzima kwindawo yokuqala okanye ezintathu yesibini yokukhulelwa. Usulelo izicwili ezingekazalwa (in normoblasts ezithile kunye erythroblasts) malunga-13% amatyala ezikhokelela isisu kulogo.

Kukho ezinye iingxaki. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi yokukhulisa wosulelo hydrops ezingezo-immune umntwana okhula. Ungafumana kananjalo igazi kakhulu yaye ukusilela intliziyo, nisingise ekufeni yosana olungekazalwa.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba ubukho besi sifo kukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba Ukukhangela kusekwangoko (usebenzisa ultrasound) kwaye babe unyango olufanelekileyo, umntwana ozelwe esempilweni ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki (ngamanye amaxesha usesemva emva kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni, ubunzima inzuzo ukulibaziseka). Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa unesifo anemia naso kunye hypogammaglobulinemia, Noko ke, leyo, ziyahambelana ubomi kunye zifo.

Xa kunjalo, umfazi omithiyo, ukuba udibana nabantu abantu abosulelekileyo, kucetyiswa ukwenza iimviwo ultrasound rhoqo, kwakunye ukuba unikele ngegazi ukuze kubonwe inqanaba alpha-fetoprotein kunye titer omzimba - kuyanceda ukubona ingxaki kusekwangoko, kwaye kwenyusa amathuba nokuchacha nepheleleyo.

iindlela Modern loxilongo

Parvovirus wosulelo ebantwaneni kunye abadala ifuna ukuxilongwa ngokucokisekileyo. Okokuqala, ugqirha uqokelela imbali ihlola. Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango kule meko ifana ezinye izifo, ngoko qiniseka ukuba ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo elebhu.

Ngokukodwa, iisampulu ihambo igazi umntwana nezihlunu ukuba umlinganiselo titers of immunoglobulins ezithile M kunye G. Njengoko umthetho, imali IgM avuke ngomhla wesithathu emva kokuba uqalile okanye ipoti ye-usulelo. Kodwa kwenani of immunoglobulin G ngisho ngonyaka emva kokosuleleka. Xa Stroke aplastic kwi iisampulu uzimisele kuphela inani eliphezulu lika kwiiproteni kodwa intsholongwane kwaye DNA yayo. Ukongeza, uphononongo lomongo wethambo bangabhaqa erythroid hypoplasia kunye nobukho erythroblasts elikhulu isici.

Xa uxilongo kwezifo kwizigulane immunocompromised le lomzimba akafumaneki, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba unikeze inombolo elikhulu amasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini.

Xa kufikwa uxilongo losulelo intrauterine, kukho imfuneko iimviwo ultrasound ngokucokisekileyo (ukunceda ukubona hydrops somntwana). Kwakhona olwenziwe elabhoratri sokuhlola igazi sikanina kunye fluid ubukho DNA wentsholongwane egazini kunye lomzimba ethile.

Parvovirus wosulelo ebantwaneni: unyango

Xa ubona nkqu urhano nakancinane ebusweni sifo kufuneka udibane nogqirha. Kuphela ingcali uyakwazi yokuphatha indlela usulelo parvovirus.

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwiimeko inobulali, lo mntwana akafuni makakubuze nokulaliswa esibhedlele. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka inciphise unxibelelwano nabantu esempilweni, njengoko kwisigaba sokuqala sifo kakhulu esosulelayo. Njani ukuba baphathwe usulelo ekhaya parvovirus ebantwaneni? Komorowski, omnye wabantwana ezaziwayo-kakuhle, icebisa ukuba alale. Umntwana kufuneka kuphumla, usele iziselo (ukuphelisa iimpawu kunxilwe). Kodwa ukudlala kunye nomsebenzi neeplanethi contraindicated. Abazali kufuneka bathobele imithetho yococeko, uhlambe izandla zakho emva ukunxibelelana usana, ukwenza rhoqo ukucoca emanzi, ukutshintsha zelinen ebhedini kunye t. D.

Akukho nxalenye kangako yonyango into yokutya. Xa umntwana usulelo parvovirus idinga ukutya okunezondlo osisityebi aphezulu-osidingayo kunye nokutya ngokulula ukutya. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha unonophelo ukuba izitya ekhoyo imali eyaneleyo iivithamini kunye neetyuwa iyafuneka ukomeleza amajoni omzimba (qiniseka ukubandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwi menu). Kwakhona, ukutya kufuneka abe zizityebi zentsimbi kunye nezilwanyana protein, njengoko esi sifo ihamba kwegazi kunye namanqanaba athwala nciphisa.

Njengoko umthetho, iimpawu zesifo shwaka ngokwazo emva kweeveki 1-2. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, oko kufuna unyango ngakumbi ngqo. Umzekelo, ukuba isicelo kufuna umkhuhlane omkhulu amachiza antipyretic ( "aspirin", "paracetamol" "Analgin" et al.). Ukuba isigulana kuphuhliswa samathambo yakhe ziqhubeka iiveki eziliqela, oko ukusetyenziswa kucetyiswa lwamachiza nonsteroidal anti-ukudumba ( "ibuprofen", "diclofenac", "Nurofen" njalo njalo. N.).

Xa kufikwa apho unyango izigulane immunocompromised, kunokwenzeka efakwa immunoglobulin, equlethe omzimba athile intsholongwane B19. Lendlela akuthethi ukunika unyango ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuyanceda ukucinezela umsebenzi usulelo. inkinga aplastic ezimandundu kubonisa igazi elibomvu utofelo cell.

Ifom ezingapheliyo zosulelo parvovirus

Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba unyango alunyangwanga okanye engafanelekanga uba uhlobo ezingapheliyo nokoyika esi sifo. Loo urhulumente kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoko iimpawu zayo ngaphantsi kubi. Kunzima ukuba ukuxilonga nokunyanga. usulelo Chronic parvovirus ihamba kwegazi, nto leyo eyenzeka ngamaza. Ngokufuthi, le fomu kwesi sifo iba ngunobangela idiopathic lomongo wethambo aplasia erythroid ithambo. Lahla esi sifo nzima kakhulu. igazi kunye nokulawulwa immunoglobulin ukunceda ukugcina umsebenzi umzimba eqhelekileyo.

Iindlela eziphambili yothintelo

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba usulelo parvovirus kwi umntwana kunokuba yingozi ngokwenene. Ngoko ke, abazali abaninzi banomdla imibuzo malunga nokuba kukho lunokunyangwa.

Ngelishwa, le lugonyo intsholongwane ukuze kude ayikho. Noko ke ngenkuthalo uphando lokujonga ukuba ichiza ukuba ungabi sisizekabani uphuhliso sifo, kodwa abe iipropati immunogenic. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba unyango onjalo isaza kuvela kwixesha elizayo.

Kwezinye iimeko, abantu abalandelayo ukuqhagamshelana abosulelwe sinyusa uthomalaliso kunye immunoglobulin efakwa. Ngokukodwa, iinkqubo ezinjalo ziboniswa abafazi abakhulelweyo, izigulane igazi esinganyangekiyo hemolytic okanye intswelo omzimba. Kodwa namhlanje ayenziwanga ncam, nokuba loo prophylaxis lusebenza ngokwenene.

Indlela kuphela wokhuseleko kule ntsholongwane kukunqongophala ukunxibelelana abathwali zosulelo, leyo, ngelishwa, musani kuba lula. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba bagcine ngococeko elungileyo, ezifana nokuhlamba izandla emva obekudibene nezigulana, phambi kokuba adle, njalo-njalo. D.

Izigulane abanezifo ezingapheliyo, kwakunye nabo ndiyigcinile ntlekele aplastic na usulelo abasasazi esebenzayo. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko kwisebe ezosulelayo kunye nokungabikho ukudibana ngqo nabantu besempilweni de kugqitywe unyango.