Oranienbaum - izinto. Indlela ukufika Oranienbaum

Phakathi zokuhlala lizwe ibekwe kwimimandla St. Petersburg, Oranienbaum eyabelwe. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo oko wangena ndingento yokuluka wadala umsebenzi ephefumlelweyo nabayili eziziingangamsha, iingcibi abanetalente, ngabapeyinti kunye iinkosi zobugcisa kunye nobugcisa benkulungwane XVIII kwaye ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali nenkcubeko Russian kunye nehlabathi.

Oranienbaum

Ngowe-1707, ilizwe kufuphi ekudibaneni kwe-Gulf of Finland Karasta River yanikwa yi Peter I (* uKhesare) umngane wakhe Alexander Menshikov, ngubani ke ngoko iRhuluneli Ingermanland, ligqithiselwe uBukhosi Russian ekupheleni Enkulu Northern War. Ngokomyalelo ozithandayo komlawuli kummandla oselunxwemeni malunga kwisiqithi Kotlin abayili Schedel G. kunye D. Fontana lwakwakhiwa Grand Palace, phantse kwafana ibhotwe lalo ubungangamsha loMlawuli e Peterhof. Kwakhona yakhelwe umyezo Nizhny rhoqo - enye yokuqala eRashiya. Ehlabathini yokuhlala lizwe Aleksandra Menshikova, igama ukuba Oranienbaum, beza igama elifanayo zokuhlala Pridvortsovy.

Imvelaphi igama angaqhelekanga uzama ukucacisa kweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Enye legend ithi apha ebudeni othandwayo uPetros I ibekwe Wild iorenji orangery (Oranienbaum in German - lomthi orange). Kwi masimu kunye stairways nangaphandle ze-Grand Palace ehlotyeni kuboniswa kwi izitya engaqhelekanga ukuba North - izityalo, ndimkhathalela ze sodidi zesitrasi.

nesakhiwo

Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, kwakukho sele iminyaka engaphezu kwama-300, i-yokuhlala itshintshe kakhulu yabanini, kwaye yokuhlala unikwe isimo sixeko.

Ngo-1743 i yokuhlala watshintshelwa ngoku uPeter III, lowo wenyuka kwetrone ngo-1761. Emva ubhedu ibhotwe ngo-1762 ngenxa uCatherine II zamakhela ibhotwe e Oranienbaum, apho wangena ku "Own Dacha". Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo zayo le mizekelo kuphela indlela yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo yokuhlobisa thaca eRashiya.

Ukususela ngo 1796 yaba yokuhlala yelizwe asebukhosini kunye nempahla wegqitha kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Phambi kokuba revolution, abanini bayo lokugqibela wabubala Neendwalutho of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Emva kokuba iziganeko ka-1917, izakhiwo ezikhumbuzo zembali yokwakha ziye zidluliselwe ngokusekelwe kummandla Oranienbaum Forest College. Kwezinye izigodlo, ingakumbi e-China, iimyuziyam zivulekile. Ngowe-1948 le dolophu igama Lomonosov. "Oranienbaum" (njengoko isihloko) yagcinwa ukuze ezintsonkothileyo zembali. Ngolwabiwo isixeko ogama emva kokuba sisazinzulu enkulu Russian ayizange yenzeke ngengozi. Kufutshane apha, kwidolophana Ust-Ruditsa, kwaba Umzi wakhe, yaye yilebhu ukulungiselela eglasi.

Kweli xesha kwemfazwe Oranienbaum washiywa, nokubuyiselwa kwayo baqala kuphela i-90 emva kwexesha.

Ngo-2007, isakhiwo ekhethekileyo ithe yaziswa kwi-State Museum "Peterhof". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amadlelo St. Petersburg nje kuphela ukuba kuthotyelwe phantsi kwintshabalalo ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II waza walondoloza ubunyani bayo umlando a lomculo zembali wezakhiwo "Oranienbaum" ezinika lowo series epheleleyo zokuhlala ummeli indlela Petergofskaya.

entsonkothileyo yezakhiwo kanye landscape

Izigodlo kunye neepaki of Oranienbaum yenziwa lomculo ezintathu zobugcisa, wadalwa ngexesha kwinkulungwane XVIII. Ekudaleni indima yabo eyodwa edlalwe yi-Antonio Rinaldi. Isimbo umyili Italian yahlukile rationalism, conservatism eneSandi. Xa imisebenzi yakhe Oranienbaum Chinese Palace, iNdlu Opera, Dvorets Petra III yaye "ukutyibilika Hill."

Zonke izibonelelo park zenza uhlobo zesakhiwo, lwahlulwe lwaba Garden ezisezantsi kunye Menshikov Palace kunye Upper Park, kunye ezikhumbuzo zayo ezininzi zembali.

Ukwakhiwa ekhethekileyo Petrine era

Ukwakhiwa Grand Palace kunye indalo i-Lower Park, nto leyo isici esasenza ubunye zokwakha nezobugcisa, yaba ingqalo yayo indalo yodederhu "Oranienbaum". Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo yale inxalenye kwisakhiwo bokwakha, ukongeza Menshikov Palace ziquka umzimba Catherine kaThixo, Monplaisir Palace, i Marly Palace, uLwandle Canal kunye Ilungiselelo eliligugu nemithombo.

Bonke baye basinda ukusa kwixesha lethu. Grand Ibhotwe ngokwayo, nangona utshintsho ngokuphindaphindiweyo, akukabikho nto ingako itshintshileyo imbonakalo yakhe. Wayesoloko wahlala esondele necebo lakhe yantlandlolo, leyo evumela ukuba bakuzibalela phakathi kuphakanyiswe elikhethekileyo ukuya Petrine kwexesha.

landscape art

Xa landscape vutshila elo xesha siye sazama ukuba kude imigaqo yokuwa rhoqo kwezitiya. Xa kuyilwa Upper Park Rinaldi wakwazi ukuphumeza inguqulelo ezolileyo evela enye inxalenye yayo zobugcisa ukuya kwenye. artist onesiphiwo kwazithathela ingqalelo iimpawu yendawo ezintle, evelela Oranienbaum. Park, eliquka nemiqolomba kunye Own Petershtadskogo lomculo bafana kunye. Akukho imigca engqongqo izithsaba umthi manicured obabuthandwa ucwangciso rhoqo. Kodwa ngokucacileyo kukho umanyano iyavisisana, leyo zadityaniswa complex iipatheni zejometri iindawo, amabala okudlala, kukho maze ngamanzi amachibi kunye namachibi yokufakelwa eziqhagamshelene imisele, uqhushululu wendalo zasendle kunye izakhiwo ezizodwa. Le yokugqibela imelwe intlanganisela eyodwa style yokuhlobisa iziqalelo ze classicism lutsha.

design Artistic. Yolungelelwaniso lobuhle kunye nokusebenza

Olona phawu kuphela ye-Upper Park kukuba layout wayo neeprojekthi zonke izakhiwo kulo zenziwa womzobi efanayo. design Artistic Rinaldi wajoyina ngomlingo ubuhle kunye luncedo ehlaziya. Ukuxuba izimbo ezahlukeneyo ukuhonjiswa, uqhagamshelo lwe rhoqo kunye landscape imigaqo, iindlela inxaxheba ngokulinganayo zombini imiyalelo eyahlula izinto Oranienbaum leyo ngemvisiswano zadityaniswa elilodwa kunye yomhlaba, ochaphazela ubuhle bayo nobuhle.

lomculo yezakhiwo bezobugcisa epakini

Ezinzulwini yamehlo Upper Park kwibhotwe Chinese, yinxalenye dacha Own. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, isakhiwo sokuqala ngokuba "Dutch House". Igama elitsha wafika mva nezibangele fashion ngakumbi "kitayschinu". Interior umhombiso ebhotwe senziwe ngomoya zobugcisa yaseTshayina kunye Japanese.

Igadi entsonkothileyo Eyakho nayo iquka Pergola Arbor odumileyo eziquka iipayiloni 54 wehla ukuya kwichibi izinyuko amatye emanzini. Oku kwadalwa kwinkulungwane XIX kwaye umhombiso ogqwesileyo lwezakhiwo umyezo elo xesha. Pergola wakha phezu kwisiza Coffee House, engakhange wabukhanyisa ubomi Rinaldi.

Iyazigatya ingqalelo "sliding Hill", nto leyo a izibonelelo ipaki enkulu. Apha, inkundla sasincokola iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula ngumkhenkce izilayidi, esiza omnye emva komnye, wenze i ubude leemitha 532. Traditional bawabiza fun yayifumaneka ehlotyeni.

Ukwakhiwa "Stone entla" lisenokuba kwakuthetha ukuba eekonsathi. Okwangoku, kukho cinema interactive kunye nomboniso elingaphakathi uyilo kunye imikrolo park.

I-Upper Park nako ukubona Calvary lweSizwe, isango Wawongwa, umnquba, ebizwa ngokuba "cuisine Chinese".

park uPeter

Petrovsky Park - kwenye indalo Rinaldi. icebo lakhe kuthwalelwa phandle ngokuthatha inxaxheba yeenkosi Lamberti. Xa wadalwa njengezinto ze kwicala rhoqo sele isetyenziswe ngenxa iigadi Italian. seengxangxasi ezininzi, masimu Zinokuxutywa eminqubeni ezincinane, phakathi kwabo - le ezinemigangatho emibini Hermitage, Solovyov ifanitshala, ndlu Chinese.

Ke kaloku uPetros Park ukho isimbo landscape. isiseko sakhe compositional yi Karasta River, i-Upper kunye Lower namachibi.

Indlela ukuya 'Oranienbaum "?

zokuhlala Royal nga endhawini ya ka St. Petersburg ziqukiwe ezahlukeneyo nohambo. Yiya, wena ngokwakho, ukuba uyazi kwangaphambili indlela apho.

Oranienbaum ise kwidolophu Lomonosov, ibekwe neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka kwikomkhulu wasentla. Kungcono ukufumana apha ukusuka inxalenye womzantsi-mpuma kwesi sixeko. Ngoko ke, kwisikhululo sikaloliwe "Oranienbaum" (in Lomonosov) ekuthathela kuyo KDE ukusuka kwisikhululo ngokufihlakeleyo "Avtovo" ngeteksi K-424a, ibhasi №200; kwisitishi 'Ithemba yamaGqala' - bus №343. Ukusuka Station Baltic e Lomonosov uye zombane rhoqo.

Ngaphambili, ukususela Kronstadt Museum-reserve sasifika ngeenqanawa, ngoku efikeleleka lula ngebhasi №175.

guide ephathekayo

Emnyango ukuya park imephu kunye kwiindawo ezingundoqo, nto idume Oranienbaum. isicwangciso Ifoto kwixesha elizayo kuya kukunceda ukuba ucwangcise uhambo lwakho. Ukuba sinikele ingqalelo imiyalelo yokulanda isikhokelo eziphathwayo ukuba park - isicelo ngekhompyutha "Oranienbaum Park". It has a plan, iingalo, ulwazi malunga kwimbali ezimbaxa kunye ividiyo emfutshane.