Ngokoqobo kwiincwadi kunye neempawu zayo

Ngokoqobo kwiincwadi - oku, iphambili yinto ekhombisa echanileyo ekhoyo kunye neempawu yoqobo ngaphandle nayiphi na ubugqwetha okanye ubaxo. Lo mkhwa uncwadi kwavela ngenkulungwane XIX, kunye nabalandeli bayo ngamandla nxamnye iintlobo ephucukileyo kwezibongo ukusetyenziswa imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo izinto ezingaziwayo.

ezalatha indlela

Ngokoqobo kwiincwadi kwenkulungwane ye-19 ibe zizakubalulwa imiqondiso ecacileyo. Eyona esingundoqo i ekhombisa imifanekiso ibubunyani imifanekiso eziqhelekileyo ngenxa nje oqhelekileyo, kunye naye nazo rhoqo ebomini. Ubunyaniso kwi imisebenzi ingqalelo njengendlela yolwazi lomntu zehlabathi ngokwakhe, kunye nomfanekiso umlinganiswa ngamnye yoncwadi ezihambe ukuze siqaphele umfundi ngokwayo, isizalwane, umlingane okanye umhlobo.

Xa iinoveli namabali realist art ubomi ngenene, nokuba sebali luphawulwa mfazwe. Enye inkalo olu hlobo Ukuthanda ababhali ukuba bacinge nendawo yawo kuphuhliso yayo, kunye ngasinye umbhali uzama ukubona ukuvela ubudlelwane ezintsha kwengqondo, ezentlalo kunye noluntu.

Iimpawu zale intshukumo yoncwadi

Ngokoqobo kuluncwadi, ngokubuyisela romanticism, neneempawu zobugcisa, ufuna inyaniso yaye bamba- ufuna ukuguqula ngokoqobo.

abalinganiswa zoncwadi ngemisebenzi ababhali realist wathola emva ngeengcamango elide kunye namaphupha, emva kokuba uhlalutyo yoluvo ayinyani zehlabathi. Lo msebenzi osemqoka, leyo kuchongwa azibona ngayo zombhali kwexesha, ezichongwe iimpawu uncwadi yokwenene kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ukusuka ezakudala zemveli Russian.

ngokoqobo   XIX kwekhulu

abameli ezinjalo of ngokoqobo kwiincwadi njengoko Balzac kunye Stendhal, Thackeray kunye Dickens, Jordi Isanti kunye uViktor Gyugo, kwimisebenzi yakhe ibonisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo umxholo okulungileyo nokubi, uze uphephe izinto ezithile ze ubonise ubomi benene ababephila ngexesha lakhe. Aba babhali kucace kubafundi kukuba ububi indlela yobomi yoluntu yongxowankulu, ubunyani nkulu, ukuxhomekeka abantu phezu amaxabiso izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi inoveli Dickens 'Dombey noNyana' umniniyo egabadeleyo kwaye kukutyeba hayi ngemvelo. mpawu ezinjalo waba ngenxa imali enkulu kunye namabhongo umnini, ogama eziphambili umsebenzi ebomini iba inzuzo.

Ngokoqobo kwiincwadi ndayihluthwa uburharha nokubhuqa, kwaye imifanekiso yabalinganiswa awaseyiyo ifanelekileyo umbhali kwaye ihlanganise amaphupha akhe libe yinyaniso. Ukususela imisebenzi kwenkulungwane XIX-th, iye yaphela iqhawe, ngokomfanekiso wakhe ubheke umbhali. Le meko kakhulu ngokucacileyo imisebenzi Gogol kunye yaseChekhov.

Noko ke, inkoliso ngokucacileyo oku uncwadi esibonakaliswa imisebenzi Tolstoy kunye Dostoevsky, echaza ihlabathi njengoko bayibone. Oku kuchazwe ngohlobo abalinganiswa kunye amandla kunye nobuthathaka babo, echaza intlungu engqondweni amaqhawe yoncwadi, ekhumbuza abafundi malunga iimeko ezimaxongo, ukutshintsha ukuba umntu omnye akunakwenzeka.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ngokoqobo kwiincwadi kunye abachaphazelekayo bayahlelwa abameli yezikhulu Russian, leyo kugwetywa umsebenzi I. A. Goncharova. Ngenxa yoko, abalinganiswa ngamaqhawe ngemisebenzi yakhe ahlale zinokuphikiswa. Oblomov ngumntu frank kunye nokuthantamisa, kodwa ngenxa passivity wakhe, yena angabi nako ukutshintsha ubomi bube ngcono. Ezi mpawu omnye umlinganiswa iincwadi Russian - nkani, kodwa onesiphiwo Boris Raysky. Goncharov wakwazi ukudala umfanekiso "anti-iqhawe", lifana ngenkulungwane XIX, esele ibonwe abagxeki. Ngenxa yoko, ingcamango "Oblomovism" elisebenza kubo bonke oonobumba zezenzi, iphambili apho nobuvila nokunganaki.