Ngekhwelo turbines on diesel xa ekukhawuleziseni: oonobangela kunokwenzeka nokusombulula ingxaki

cars Modern badla mayixhotyiswe turbocharger - ukuze uphucule kakhulu amandla kunye nokusebenza nokuba ephantsi-amandla low-volume iinjini. Njengoko sisazi, akukho namnye injini hayi lingasebenza kakuhle ngaphandle isixa esithile womoya. Ukuba zibaswe egumbini ukutshiswa nelitha enye yamafutha, kuyimfuneko hayi ngaphantsi kwe-11 amawaka eelitha oxygen. Kodwa ukuze umoya awe kungena iisilinda, kufuneka adlule lokucoca ulwelo, obuziintlobo ezininzi eyanele, uzakufun aukugqithisa ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa, uze ukungena slot of iinqwelo yaye ivelufa ngokwayo. Imfuneko motor emoyeni soze ahluthe ngokupheleleyo. Turbocharger uyanamathela Umgama ukukhawulezisa kwaye iimpompo kuyo egumbini yokutsha. Ukusebenza, lo injini ungabenza izandi. Abanini abaninzi imoto kanti. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ngaphakathi esiludumbo, nokuba umlozi injini diesel yingozi xa uqhu- yaye oko ikutshoyo.

Ngendalo the samanzi

Abanini abaninzi imoto siyakholelwa ukuba kwiinqwelo - imali yenziwe kuqhathaniswa. ukuba Ayekholelwa ukuba avele kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, xa kwiinqwelo yafakwa nazo phantse zonke iimodeli eshishini imoto German. Kodwa oku akuyonyaniso. Umhla wokuzalwa ithathwa ngokuba kwiinqwelo-1911. Kungelo xesha wenjineli waseMelika Alfred Buchi wakwazi ukufumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba isixhobo engoshishino, ukuvumela izihlandlo eziliqela ukwandisa umthamo kunye iimpawu iinjini eziqhelekileyo.

Kodwa yonke impumelelo turbine yokuqala, baba ubukhulu enkulu kunye ubunzima injini yanyuswa izihlandlo ezininzi. Ukuphuhliswa turbocharging iimoto abakhweli wayeka, kodwa injini zothutho esetyenziswa ixakeke kakhulu. Kwi-US, automakers baba Musa ukungxama ukubeka indlela industrial kuqinise. Ngoko (kwakunye ngoku) ukuba babengcakaza powertrains volume komoya. Kukho intetho ethi "akukho nto endaweni umthamo."

EYurophu, amafutha baphathwe ngokwezoqoqosho ngaphezu kwi-US. Ukongeza, kule nkulungwane yama-20, eYurophu weva ubunzima amafutha. Automakers beqale ukunciphisa imiqulu iinjini, lo gama ukuphucula amandla. Oku kuye kwabanceda sokuxhasa le nkqubo. Ithekhnoloji waye waphucuka, isakhiwo kuba lula. Noko ke, phakathi kubakho iingxaki kwaba sekunjalo ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amafutha - turbocharging phakathi abanini imoto abaqhelekileyo wafumana udumo.

Element ngendlela injini diesel

Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, injini diesel yaphuhliswa ngo-1893. Njengokuba ixesha lihamba, uyilo yayo kusagqityezelwa, amalungu amaninzi phantsi yokungafani ezininzi nokulungalungiswa. Iinjineli babesebenza indlela lokuqheshisa umxube kwamafutha, ngokunjalo kwi balance yayo. Emva koko, iinjineli ziye liphuhlise injini, eziyilelwe ukwandisa intsebenzo kunye neempawu weyunithi ngenxa amafutha yokutsha epheleleyo iziqulathi. Le nkqubo isekelwe phezu ucinezelo zezulu kwinkqubo lwangaphakathi - kunokwenzeka ukuba kukwandisa lexinene zezulu yonikezelo. Ngaloo umxube satshiswa ngokupheleleyo, yaye wakhafula nemisi enobungozi ezimbalwa.

Kukho ephantsi phezulu ngephiko ingcinezelo. izixhobo eliphezulu wabangela abantu ebahloneleyo imizi-.

design

turbocharger Modern sisixhobo eyenziwa ngaba macandelo alandelayo. Oku amaqokobhe ezimbini, nganye mayixhotyiswe isiguquli kunye turbine. Ezi housings zenziwe aluminiyamu kwesinyithi ubushushu ezingatshiyo. I-injini lixhotyiswe ivili ezikhethekileyo - futhi unalo ukuxhathisa eliphezulu lobushushu.

iibheringi ezizodwa nazo ziyafumaneka kwi sakhiwo. imizimba yabo akhiwe ekubunjweni aluminium ezizodwa ngobhedu. Udlula kwabo shaft edityaniswe ivili isiguquli kunye plane samanzi. Kukho kwakhona inkxaso kunye iibheringi nikhutshelwe.

Umgaqo nokusebenza turbocharger

i algorithm ngolu hlobo. Iimveliso kwemveliso yokutsha ukusuka obuziintlobo zeemoto, uze ukuya turbocharger ethole umlomo. Bakugqiba kugqitha izindlu injini - esi sicatshulwa lezindlu icandelo cross variable. Exhaust iigesi njengoko traffic ijelo kwandisa uqina yayo kwaye zichaphazela ivili injini - phantsi le mpembelelo ngayo iyajikeleza. Inani revolutions le plane the samanzi kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. I-avareji ujikelezo Isantya ka 1500 ISityhi / umzuzwana.

umoya Ngaphandle edlula izihluzi zomoya, ukuba icocwe evela ukungcola awe abe kungena ngezilingo otyiwa. Ngoko ke ijelo ivaliwe. Lo mxube ukwazi ngakumbi washa. Emva koko, lo eziphindaphindiweyo zeemoto ivula. Xa Umnyango wegumbi yokutsha enyusiweyo intercooler.

Kulindeleke ukuba zokupholisa umoya oshushu evela turbocompressor. Ngaloo kwandisa lexinene unciphisa yobungakanani oksijini. Akwitankana adjudged imali enkulu womoya leyo uya kuwutshisa ngempumelelo ngakumbi emva ukuxubana amafutha. Oku kwandisa kakhulu amandla kunye amafutha lifinyele.

Ukuba turbine ngekhwelo

Xa umsebenzi therethrough isixa esikhulu wokupasa moya, nto leyo ke, ugalelwe ioli amafutha, ukwandisa ubunzima mxube. Ioksijini Impontshelwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu - phantsi ukwesona ekhona njenge ikhwelo idle nasebudeni motion. Esinye sezizathu - yaphula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.

Ezi izandi nga yaziswe. Kodwa musa kwaoko ukuya uxilongo kwi SRT. Unako zama ukulungisa le ngxaki ngokwakho. I Iingcaphephe Into yokuqala yaleza ukukhangela umoya umlomo ngamnye injini ngenxa yobunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa impempe the samanzi libonakala idizili xa ukhawulezisa, kukho umoya otyiwa elongezelelweyo. Ukuphelisa le ngxaki kwanele indawo zamanzi qinisa izibopho kunye zokubopha.

Kwimeko kwemibhobho ukunxiba utshintsho yabo entsha. abanako inokulungiswa, wabeka ukusetyenziswa zangaphambili ayikhuthazwa.

Ukuba inkqubo iqinisiwe, kwaye umlozi kuthiwe, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqhuba ngaphezulu olunzulu sifo, kuba injini - into zobugcisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba basebenze stably. Abaninzi abazi, kodwa turbines ezincinane umlozi diesel xa ukhawulezisa - kuqhelekile. Kodwa ukuba isixhobo egqumayo, ngoko inxulunyaniswa iingxaki.

Njengoko ikhwelo samanzi?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi compressors ayikhuphi izandi i RPM iseti kuluhlu yeenguqu 1.5 ukuya 2.5 amawaka. Akukhathaliseki njani kakhulu ukuqala ukuba kukhawuleziswe. Whistle uya kusengenzeka. Izandi musa ukuyeka, nokuba xa ingadumeli iyehla. Kulo mzekelo, intsebenzo injini akatshintshi. Nje imali womoya elibaleka ngokusebenzisa turbocharger udlula mingxuma ukuba balahlekelwe imilo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngenxa yoko, umqhubi uyayiphulaphula egumbini injini air ezimbi ikhwela ngexesha lunikezelo.

Ukukhanya izandi ngekhwelo Unga ukubonwa kwi-injini ezintsha. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza idlula. Kwaye emva komzuzwana ukuba icebo ngokuchanekileyo, kuphela beva isandi yokusebenza injini le. Ukuba amakhwelo turbine, kwaye isantya ngaxeshanye kunciphisa, endaweni ithumbu edibanisa kwi intercooler. Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokuba ukuba ityala ngokwakhe sokufudumeza emoyeni. Ukuba bekukho impempe ngexesha ukukhawulezisa, njenge intercooler mini, kuyimfuneko ukuba iqhube uphicotho - ukuyilungisa lula ngaphezu samanzi. Ntwana solder okanye indawo kwimeko entsha kakuhle kakhulu.

ikhefu Kutheni intercooler? Isibakala sokuba element lifakwe ngaphambili emotweni. Akuphelelanga apho, nguye phambi kwi radiator, ngokunjalo nayo esisigxina phantse ezantsi ngesivuno. Ngoko ke apha Ungafumana iindidi zamatye.

Esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kukho impempe injini kwi-diesel xa uqhu-. Ke kaloku, intercooler ayifakwanga kuzo zonke iinjini turbocharged. Oku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe uxilongo. Kwezinye iimeko, yioli isiguquli okupholisa (umz, injini diesel "Kammniz" y "Ibhadi-Business").

izizathu ikhwelo

Isantya, yokubolekisana impeller injini zisebenza ngokupheleleyo, kuba ngaphezu kwamawaka alishumi ngomzuzu. Ngokukodwa, i-injini diesel impempe ngexesha kokuba unikezelo - kungumqondiso wombhobho iikhompawundi inkqubo depressurization. Amakhwelo turbine ngenxa wawo ukuya kuvala ingxingwa umoya zixinaniswe nge noqhoqhoqho. Usombulula ezi ngxaki ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ufumane indawo leyo unobangela ezi zandi.

Kwakhona turbine ikhwelo ngeqondo iseti esinokubakho ngenxa wawo ukuya kuvala ingxingwa umoya naphi na ukusuka ugwebu, obuziintlobo ezininzi ukuya intercooler. Kwakhona, isandi aya kwenzeka phambi izikhewu phakathi intloko cylinder kunye eziphindaphindiweyo ekudleni (gapping imiphezulu block). Ukuba lining leyo ngamanqindi, loo nto kwakhona esinye sezizathu zokuba impempe. Sound kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba izinto zomntu wesithathu ukufumana ngaphakathi indlela.

ezinye Iimpawu

Hayi ngekhwelo nje ngexesha lunikezelo inokuba sikombisa ukungasebenzi le yunithi. Kukho nezinye iimpawu. Njengoko kokuba ugqibe ukuba injini kwakufuneka ukulungiswa. Siza kujonga kusilela awayedla unit kwi umbala zeemoto.

umsi blue

Lo ngumqondiso wokuqala kwaye uphawu breakage. Ngeqondo iseti ukusuka kumbhobho zeemoto uya kulahlwa yomsi oluhlaza. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ngeemoto isebenza kwi ngesantya esisezantsi, akusoze. Alwenze combusting oli engena kwigumbi cylinder ngenxa ukuvuza ukusuka turbocharger. Kwakhona impempe uphawu ngeqondo iseti unako kuviwa.

umsi omnyama

Umsi enjalo umbala ibonisa ukuba iisilinda utshisa a osisityebi umxube emoyeni ngenxa ukuvuza kwi somelezi okanye ezintlanganweni intercooler. Kwakhona esinye isizathu - inkqubo yolawulo ngekhompyutha. Kungase baqale. Ukongeza, kuhlola imeko ye nemilomo.

umsi emhlophe

Izizathu ukuze kwakhiwe umsi ukuba kufunyanwa eolini idreyini isicatshulwa turbine ugcwale. Ukuba unit izindlu ibhaqwe ukuvuza ioli, okanye phezu nemilomo zezulu umendo, ngoko oku kubangelwe ungcolisa kwenkqubo kwisiteshi umoya. Kwakhona ukuba coked umgca turbine. Ngenxa zegesi zeemoto ngokwebala nemvelo.

isiphelo

Siye sajonga ukuba kutheni kukho impempe injini kwi injini diesel ngexesha ukukhawulezisa, oonobangela ezi zandi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba ezinxulumene ukuvuza nomoya. Ukuphelisa depressurization kuba izandla zabo. Kodwa ukuba umonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi, akusekho ukulawula ngokwabo. turbines Modern ziye zingabi lula ukwakhiwa kunye nokulungiswa kungcono iingcali. Bakwazi ukuchonga isandi impempe ngaphandle kokuba injini.