Ngaba ndiyatshaya kwi kuloliwe? impendulo irrefragable

icuba ukutshaya kwi Russian Federation kulawulwa ngumthetho Federal. inombolo yakhe - 15-FZ. Umthetho yenzelwe ukukhusela impilo labahlali ukuphefumla umsi wecuba, kwakunye neziphumo eziyingozi ugwayi.

Kutshanje, lo mthetho ukuba ukutshaya kuzo oololiwe-elide umgama kunye noololiwe phantse kuphela. Akuvumelekile ukuba ukutshaya kuphela yangasese kule ndlwana emotweni. Nangengqongqo yaye yathathwa kwindawo yokutshayela. Kodwa 6.1.2014 umthetho izilungiso. Ngaba ngoku ifi oololiwe?

ezi zilungiso

Ekubeni ngehlobo lika-2014 ngokupheleleyo non-ukutshaya kuzo oololiwe kunye noololiwe-elide kude. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde bonke abo banomdla umbuzo wokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba utshaye kuloliwe. Kwakhona, ngoku rasprostranetsya ban kwizikhululo kunye ezinjengeetheminali amaziko.

Ndiyathemba ukuba wenze impazamo

Ngaba ndiyatshaya kwi kuloliwe? Nangona umsebenzi ngokubanzi conductive explanatory, lo mbuzo idla wabuza abakhweli. ERashiya, ukutshaya sesithathu sabantu. Ngoko ke, eli umthetho lo kodwa yafika bonke. Kunoko, abantu abaninzi abakholelwa ukuba umthetho ekhoyo kudlule. Kubonakala ukuba abemi kodwa ulindele ukuba into kakuhle. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini bangene amandla kwenziwe isilungiso umthetho, abakhweli Ziyacelwa kwakhona kwaye kwakhona: "Ngaba ndiyatshaya kwi ngololiwe umgama?". Impendulo categorical kwamathandabuzo bathi: "Hayi!".

Ngaba ndiyatshaya ke ivaranda uloliwe?

Iintshayi ezama ukucacisa le ngongoma, ndithembe ukuba athathe kroba. Ngapha koko, phambi kokuba ulwamkelo lwezilungiso ingqalelo inviolable bavumile eyaziwayo status nangengqongqo kurilok. Impendulo: awukwazi!

Ngaba ndiyatshaya kwindlu yangasese kuloliwe?

Abathandi ukutshaya ngokuphakuzela efuna indlela ukubonelela ngokwabo intuthuzelo isihlobo endleleni. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde kanye nokuba bonke umgama Uloliwe elide ayikwazi umsi - naphi na!

A zokumisa iibhasi?

Kwabo banomdla, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshaye kwi ethe ngololiwe, impendulo unikwa affirmative. Izimvo kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs woMthetho Federal uchaza ngokucacileyo: imithetho emiselweyo olwaluvumela ukuba ukutshaya kumaqonga, xa umgama ukuya kwisikhululo ubuncinane 15 m.

Unomdla nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba utshaye kwi uloliwe, okanye ubuncinane kusondela kuyo (ngexesha breaks), kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kule meko: i ban ukutshaya awusebenzi kumaqonga namaqonga, oololiwe-isithuba umgama ukuyeka, ngaphandle iindawo ime phezu komnyango igumbi w / kwisikhululo sikaloliwe kumgama oziimitha ngaphantsi kwe-15!

The State IKomiti Duma ojongene kukhathalelo lwempilo, apho yasungulwa uxwebhu, wachaza ukuba ngoxa ngokusesikweni zivaliwe ukutshaya kwi zokumisa izithuthi zikawonke. Umthetho Akukho abhalwe odalwa.

Esitratweni xa ungakwazi

Ukutshaya esitalatweni kwakhona akukabikho akuvumelekanga. Streets kunye amagumbi angasese abemi kuphela iindawo apho ukutshaya okwangoku. Kodwa kukho kwakhona kulinganiselwe enikiweyo.

Akuvunyelwe ukuba utshaye kwi ibala lokudlala labantwana, izitishi igesi, iilwandle, kumaqonga ngololiwe. Kwakhona kufuphi (ngaphantsi kwe-15 m) ukuba kungeniswe w / d kunye nebhasi izikhululo, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, amazibuko lwaselwandle emlanjeni, izitishi engaphantsi.

umthetho Anti-ukutshaya: imbali

Anti-ukutshaya umthetho, ngaphandle ukusuka kuluhlu iindawo apho ukutshaya, ii-ofisi, masango, izibhedlele, izikolo kunye needyunivesithi, amalwandle, amabala okudlala, esisikhululo igesi, endaweni ka kweemitha ngaphantsi kwe-15 ukusuka zokumisa iibhasi, izitishi emgodini moya, weza ukusebenza ngomhla woku-1 Juni 2013 kwaye st. Emva konyaka, bamkela izilungiso kuwo umthetho, urhulumente kwavalwa ngabemi ukutshaya kwiihostele, iihotele, iindawo ukutya, iimarike zigutyungelwe kunye nezinye iisayithi zokuthenga, kwakunye koololiwe-elide umgama, ngeemoto, ngeenqanawa, kumaqonga ukuyeka oololiwe abazeleyo.

Ukutshaya ban ijolise ekukhuseleni impilo abo ungatshayi, ingakumbi abantwana.

liyenza

Izongezelelo iziphithiphithi kubemi iye ngaphezu ukwayo nxamnye neRashiya. Kunzima ukufumana abo baye bahlala akakukhathalele umthetho.

kunyenyiswe imiqathango kwiimeko

Zabakhweli abangakwaziyo ukwenza ngaphandle icuba, umthetho ubonelela ezithile yokuxolelwa. Kubo, umnini-infrastructure kuxhotyiswa iindawo ezizodwa. Noko ke, ukuze kuxhotyiswe ezinjalo iindawo umninilo ezifunwa ngumthetho. Oku kunokuba isigqibo sakhe zorhwebo, nto leyo eyandisa umgangatho wenkonzo umkhweli.

Namhlanje, akukho namnye megacities kutshaywe ezizodwa Russian azikwazi kwizikhululo.

isohlwayo

Ngenxa yokuhlutha abantu umthetho wohlwaywe:

• ukuba ukutshaya abemi kwindawo engalunganga igcwele emihle engange 500 ukuya 1500.;
• amagosa ukuba ukuhlukunyezwa omnye lohlwaywe mali ka-10 lamawaka-20 amawaka pakani...;
• amaqumrhu asemthethweni ungakwazi ukuhlawula isixa-30 lamawaka-60 amawaka pakani...;
• ukutshaya kwi zokudlala bukhatshwa sisohlwayo, isohlwayo ka 2-3 amawaka ungazithambisi..;
• umbutho akayi kubonelela endaweni yayo ukuthobela kokuvalwa ukutshaya, lohlwaywe mali ka-60 lamawaka 90 amawaka miri...;
• imibutho musa ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka iimpawu ukuvala ukutshaya - evela engange-30 lamawaka 60 amawaka ..
• umbutho ku kabani intsimi ngokungekho mthethweni axhotyiswe igumbi ukutshaya - evela engange-50 lamawaka 80 amawaka ...

Impembelelo yoqoqosho

Ukongeza kule miqathango yesithintelo, umthetho ubonelela kunye nefuthe loqoqosho kwi iintshayi. NgoJanuwari 2014, kwakukho kuphakamisa yezaseKhaya irhafu iimveliso zecuba kweli lizwe. ngezaphulelo Yavalwa ekuthengeni icuba akuvumelekanga umnikelo kweziveliso zecuba kumaphulo iintengiso. Akuvunyelwe ukubonisa iimveliso icuba iinkqubo iifilimu, unomathotholo nomabonwakude, njalo-njalo. D.

Lo mthetho unika

Kwabo banomdla, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshaye kuloliwe, kufuneka wazi:

• Umthetho umisela ukuba ngo-elide kude iqeqesha abakhweli ukutshaya kufuneka ukubamba amohlwaye amapolisa.
• Kumaqonga, uloliwe zabakhweli wengingqi iyayeka ukuba abo batshayayo kufuneka esweni okugada.
• Kwizikhululo lokuvala abakhweli ukutshaya kufuneka ukukhumbuza abaqeshwa Railways Russian. Nge kumaqonga izikhongozeli ngenxa yomntu yahlaba inkomo yemidiza kufuneka isuswe.
• inkxaso kuzithenga kufuneka babe semsebenzini kwi koololiwe. Amapolisa kwimijikelo ekwakhiweni, xa efumanise abakhweli abatshayayo wabhala ingxelo solawulo. abasebenzi kololiwe waqaphela abaphuli kufuneka ukuba azise amapolisa.
• A okhwele waqaphela ummelwane ukutshaya, ukuze azise umqhubi. Umqhubi kufuneka ngokuba wabacimi kwezithuthi zamapolisa ehamba kunye uloliwe, leyo amisele isohlwayo.
• Umqhubi kwi abemi umsi Uloliwe obanjiweyo ayikwazi kuba, mayingabi sakhululwa esisigxina mhaka ukutshaya. Ukuba izicima Uloliwe amapolisa ilahlekile, kufuneka abizwe ukusuka esitishini ekufuphi.

Isohlwayo and Protocol

Amagqwetha bathi ukuba amapolisa unokumohlwaya kuphela abakhweli abatshayayo. Ukutyala baphume uloliwe yokuba kungekho malungelo. Abakhweli bayehla ukuba okukhathaza kunye nakulwa. Ixhwele, ifumene ingxelo ityala yezolawulo, unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule isohlwayo kamva. Xa ukuyilwa ityala umoni kwi imali-10 amawaka. Thambisani. akakwazi ukuya kwamanye amazwe.

Code of Administrative Amatyala imisela: ukuba isohlwayo ayihlawulwanga kwithuba leentsuku ezingama-60, kukho ukwanda kwexabiso layo ezintathu.

ukugxekwa

Kuba umthetho ezininzi anti-icuba kubonakala ukhohlakele. Oogqirha ebizwa likhoboka ugwayi into eziyifunayo, kodwa isifo. Ukuthintela umntu uyatshaya emva kwemihla emibini okanye emithathu akunakwenzeka, oogqirha bathi, ngenxa yokuba yokuthanda kwakhe akuxhomekekanga.

Wabadluli ngololiwe ukuya ukutshaya xa ukuphamba umthetho ngokufumana ukuba zonke iintlobo eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo, iingcali zithi. Umntu uya kufika ayeke ukuba umsi. Umntu kufuneka ahlawule umqhubi, yaye "akazange isaziso" ifi kwi kwevaranda. Umntu Buda ukutshaya phandle ngefestile kwindlu yangasese, ukudala emgceni, okanye zilungiswe phakathi iimoto, esichengeni ukuwa phantsi ehambayo.

oololiwe-Long umgama kufuneka axhotyiswe kunye igumbi ubuncinane omnye ukutshaya, - iingcali zithi. iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela emva kokuba ulwamkelo umthetho isixa izohlwayo yokutshayela "mthethweni" kwikomkhulu yaba ukuya kwizigidi 6.5 engange. Inani Muscovites, ngokusuka uwucukuceze umthetho anti-ukutshaya, - ngaphezu kwe-30 amawaka abantu.

Ukophulwa kwamalungelo wedemokhrasi

Iingcali athi umthetho yephule ngokwaneleyo amalungelo abemi. Kuluntu kwakheka noluvo lokuba akuyomfuneko isenzo ukuba ivalwe, kunye nemfundo inkcubeko ukutshaya. Amasekela abasondelayo abaninzi ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye akukho ingqalelo amalungelo abo ityala kodwa oko kuxhomekeke ekubeni likhoboka lazo.

Umthetho omtsha alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo into efana izimvo zoluntu, iingcali zithi. Kuluntu apho phantse isiqingatha samalungu ayo abatshayayo, imvume, hayi wabo wavalwa. Ukuba ukutshaya wenza iziqhamo superzapretny, akuthethi ukunciphisa inani iintshayi. Umthetho kuyingxaki ukuba neispolnyaemosti elililo - oku ke qalisa leengcaphephe.

Zintoni iziphumo?

Kwaba ban ukumangala kakhulu ukuba uluntu Russian. Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa izohlwayo ifi koololiwe lancipha kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwamatikiti Railways. Ngokubanzi, umthetho, ngokutsho kwiingcali, ayikho olusebenzayo. abatshayayo abaninzi Iingqameko bafudukela zangasese. Kulo mzekelo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, siye ubunzima abakhweli non-ukutshaya. Kangangethuba elide kwimimandla yokuvalwa zange ingasebenzi nento, ezama ukuba iintshayi okusesikweni, amapolisa babesilwa nayo iyonke. Ngenxa yoko, amapolisa kwehla ngokuqaphelekayo igunya.

Le nkqubo kunye nobuninzi yenkohlakalo ihlaba umdiza zibonisa ukuba ukuvalwa alihoywa. Ukongeza, oko kudala ezininzi iingxaki ezongezelelweyo:

• ezikhulayo urhwaphilizo phakathi kwabasebenzi Russian Railways abasebenzisa izinyobo ngokuba abakhweli ithuba ukutshaya endaweni kuthintelwe;
• abakhweli abatshayayo emfihlekweni ulilahle ihlaba umdiza, ukoyika neyiyo kwiindawo ephosakeleyo, ekhokelela kwimililo;
• kwisikhululo eqongeni ukuba ukutshaya ngaphandle inani elikhulu labantu kunokuba udale imeko ebuhlungu abatshayayo ngokwabo, kodwa nakwezinye abakhweli;
• ukutshaya kwi emhlabeni phakathi iimoto okanye kwi window yangasese igcwele iingozi;
• maxongo nezengqondo kubantu kunokuba ukudala isimo esibi bandiqumbise ungquzulwano.

Njani na abamelwane?

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukutshaya kwi uloliwe Belarusian. Kwimithombo ethembekileyo kwakusazeka ukuba indlela ukutshaya kummandla Belarus unako ukuhamba kuphela phesheya. Asanda esakhiweni oololiwe Belarusian bebexhotyiswa kunuka, yaye abakhweli apha ngokwasemthethweni ukuba kutshaya. Kodwa akunjalo kudala kwimithetho umkhweli zokuhamba izilungiso: ngoku ukutshaya kuphela koololiwe ngamazwe, kwiindawo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa le njongo.

Endleleni eya eRashiya okanye Ukraine, ungenza ukutshaya kwi kummandla Belarus, yaye emva ewela umda. Ngendlela efanayo uloliwe ku Lithuania, Poland kunye lalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Kodwa uloliwe oya Berlin, ukutshaya kuvunyelwa kuphela kummandla Belarus kunye Poland. obunokudla elilandelayo kungavunyelwa imigaqo.

Ukubeka iliso ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kufuneka Ukuxabisa. Ukuze ukubuyisela ukuze okubangelwa kwamagosa asebupoliseni xa kuyimfuneko. Kuba ifi uloliwe okanye enye indawo owalelweyo Belarus uxhomekeke isohlwayo sama-400 lamawaka. Engange Non-esibizwa. Ukongeza, kufuneka lisuswe kuloliwe.

On analogue electronic

Ukuqaliswa izithintelo kwabangela ngabemi ngumbuzo elifanelekileyo malunga nendlela ukujongana betye icuba elektroniki? Enoba isicelo xa bekubekela imiqathango? Njani sokutshaya umdiza electronic kuloliwe?

Iingcali uqaphele ukuba i-Russian Federation Musa zithathwa electronic umdiza icuba. Ukuba zilinganisa inkqubo ukutshaya, kodwa enziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igqabi icuba. Njengoko ugwayi elektroniki bengengabo iimveliso zecuba, ukutyiwa zabo efumanekileyo phantsi kwemiqathango. ukusebenzisa kwabo kwiindawo zikawonke uvumelekile.

Ngokutsho iingxelo eendaba, ngoJanuwari 2016 koololiwe Iziporo wabhalisa imidiza ukutshaya electronic ngqo emotweni. Ngoko ke Railways inika intuthuzelo abatshayayo abakhweli. Ukutshintsha ugwayi zakudala vaporizer inicotine ulwelo uvumelekile ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ukuhamba ngololiwe ukuya iintshayi icuba. Xa koololiwe-elide umgama, icuba elektroniki ziyafumaneka ukuthengiswa izinikezeli. iimveliso ezilahlwayo (odidi icuba ukungcamla, manqanaba mathathu amandla) ezixabisa 250 engange. Kwakunye neevenkile, ixabiso - 100-150 engange. umdiza Electronic zingathengwa kwa umqhubi kunye nelungelo ukutshaya emotweni.

isiphelo

Ngokutsho uphando, abalandeli ukutshaya ukususela zokwamkelwa nezithintelo zomthetho kwi-Russian Federation i ninganciphi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akuvumelekile ukuba abantu tyhefu ubomi a non-ixhwele eliphuma yonke umsi acrid, yingozi kwimpilo yazo. Kodwa uya kukunceda mbela? Oku kuyathandabuzeka. Ngokomzekelo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba nokungasebenzi zokwamkelwa "nomthetho owomileyo".

Isisombululo sale ngxaki ifuna indlela ezininzi. iimeko zivuma endleleni, kwakunye ebomini jikelele, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuba bonke abemi, kuquka ukutshaya.