Luna - iplanethi? Apho ke iNyanga yaye yintoni na?

Satellite yoMhlaba kumaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali umdla ingqalelo yabantu. Moon - na isibhakabhaka into kakhulu zibonakale emva kokuba ilanga, ngoko ke usoloko zibangelwe iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ngokulinganayo njengemini-nkwenkwezi. kamva eminyaka indawo yonqulo eza ukwazi nje umdla yenzululwazi. Uyaphela, inyanga epheleleyo kunye nokukhula - ngoku izinto yesifundo close. Ngokusebenzisa akhona zophando siyazi lukhulu malunga satellite iplanethi yethu, kodwa abaninzi bahlala nangaziwayo.

imvelaphi

Inyanga - into leyo eziqhelekileyo kangangokuba umbuzo apho avela khona, phantse lungenzeki. Okwangoku ke, imvelaphi i-satellite umhlaba wethu - omnye eziphawuleka kakhulu weemfihlakalo yayo. Namhlanje, kukho iithiyori ezininzi ngalo mbandela, nganye inama zombini phambi ubungqina kunye neziphakamiso wakhetha amatyala ayo. Ezi data ukubalaselisa nantoni na awayefike sele ezintathu.

1. INyanga noMhlaba lithatyathwe ilifu protoplanetary.
2. beyileke ngokupheleleyo nenyanga yathinjwa Umhlaba.
3. Oku kwakhokelela nokusekwa yokungqubana iNyanga koMhlaba kunye isithuba esikhulu into.

Khawuqwalasele ezi iinguqulelo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

nokwanda joint

Hypothesis ngemvelaphi ilunga (ukunwebeka) yoMhlaba kunye nenyanga lwayo elaziwayo kwihlabathi yenzululwazi, eyona lililo ukuya ekuqaleni-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Okokuqala ecetywayo kokuba Immanuel Kant. Ngokutsho oluguqulelo, uMhlaba neNyanga kwasekwa phantse ngaxeshanye amasuntswana protoplanetary. izidumbu Space emelwe kule nkqubo yokubini.

Okokuqala waqalisa ukwenza uMhlaba. Xa lifikelele ubungakanani ethile, ngeenxa zonke phantsi kwempembelelo amandla umtsalane amasuntswana babe ejikeleza yesiqalo libubu. Baqala ke ukuba omise okweqanda ehlabathini into isuka. Ezinye amasuntswana ziwe emhlabeni, ngoxa abanye baye enamathela kunye. Emva koko orbit ngokuthe Kwaya kuba kufutshane setyhula kwaye ukusuka Sisihloko amasuntswana yaqala ngokuvula nenyanga mbungu.

Pro con

Namhlanje, hypothesis ngemvelaphi entlanganweni iye Ukuphika ngaphezu ubungqina. Icacisa ncam oxygen Isotope lomba izidumbu ezimbini. Kuyathandabuzeka zibekwa phambili kwi-sikhokelo izizathu hypothesis ukwenzela ukwakhiwa ezahlukeneyo yoMhlaba kunye neNyanga ingakumbi, ukungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo yokugqibela-yentsimbi kunye izinto ezililize.

guest kude

Ngowe-1909, uThomas Jefferson Jackson Xi wabeka phambili hypothesis lungabanjwa omxhuzulane. Ngokutsho kwakhe, iNyanga - kulo mzimba kwasekwa kwenye indawo kwenye indawo kwenkqubo elanga. orbit okweqanda intersected indlela sesindululo woMhlaba. Xa kelelo elandelayo iNyanga yathinjwa iplanethi yethu aze abe liqabane.

Bakhetha hypothesis izazinzulu zikhokelela iintsomi eliqhelekileyo ukuba, abantu behlabathi, ebalisa ngexesha xa inyanga wayengekho esibhakabhakeni. Kwakhona theory ngqo engqina ubukho lungabanjwa omxhuzulane tiyeke kwi satellite. Ngokutsho izifundo Soviet, akukho moya Moon ukuba kugxile iplanethi yethu iminyaka billion aliqela, oko kwafuneka ukuba nesigqubuthelo multimeter lilele uthuli eziwa evela emajukujukwini. Noko ke, namhlanje kwakusazeka ukuba komhlaba yesathelayithi anayenza.

Hypothesis ungase isixa encinane yesinyithi yeNyanga: oko amiliswe ngaphakathi kummandla iiplanethi ezinkulu. Noko ke, kule meko kufuneka ibe enamanani amakhulu kwezinto aziphethe. Ukongeza, iziphumo Ukulinganisa lungabanjwa omxhuzulane indlela yayo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Kulo mzimba woku ubunzima, njengenyanga, bekuya kunokuba bejamelene iplanethi yethu, okanye uya ukugxothwa komzila. capture omxhuzulane kungenzeka kuphela xa kwimeko kuqubisana obukhulu kunye satellite elizayo. Noko ke, kule ngobuwena, kuba intshabalalo ichane ngakumbi benyanga sisenzo imikhosi ngamaza amakhulu.

ingxabano giant

Hypothesis wesithathu okhankanywe ngentla namhlanje ingqalelo kakhulu zincomeka. Ngokutsho kwithiyori ifuthe elikhulu benyanga - kusisiphumo impefumlelwano woMhlaba kunye into isithuba enkulu kangangoko. Hypothesis yaphakanyiswa ngo-1975 yi-William Hartmann kunye uDonald Davis. Bamcebisa ukuba Umhlaba amadodana ixesha ukuqokelela 90% of ubunzima, wajamelana protoplanet ebizwa Teyey. ubukhulu balo ihambisana Mars yanamhlanje. Ngenxa yoko bempembelelo, leyo weza kwi "buthelezi 'lo mhlaba, phantse zonke iziyobisi Teyi kunye inxalenye somhlaba betekisi emajukujukwini. Kule "izinto zokwakha" kwasekwa iNyanga.

Hypothesis ucacisa ngesantya owayephila of ujikelezo komhlaba, kunye engile utyekelo axis wayo, kwaye uninzi parameters emzimbeni imichiza kwemizimba zombini. Ingongoma ezibuthathaka le thiyori kunikwa izizathu zalo amanqanaba asezantsi yesinyithi eNyangeni. Ukulungiselela le njongo phambi kokuba kwenzeke ingozi kwi Kumbindi Imizimba umahluko epheleleyo kufuneka kwenzeke: lokusekwa ezingundoqo zentsimbi ingubo silicate. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho bungqina Ayifumaneki. Mhlawumbi idatha entsha satellite koMhlaba acacise lo mba. Noko ke, kukho kungenzeka ukuba ukuphikisa namhlanje yamkela hypothesis ngemvelaphi iNyanga.

The main iparameters

Kuba abantu mihla nenyanga - yinto yinxalenye ebalulekileyo isibhakabhaka ebusuku. umgama wayo namhlanje malunga 384.000 neekhilomitha. Le parameter yohluka njengoba nje intshukumo satellite (uluhlu - ukususela 356 400 406 800 km). Isizathu silele nokujikeleza okweqanda.

Isathelayithi of iplanethi yethu ihamba esibhakabhakeni ngesantya we 1.02 km / s. A revolution epheleleyo malunga umhlaba yenza ukuba malunga 27,32 iintsuku (sidereal okanye ngenyanga sidereal). Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nokutsala iNyanga i iLanga amaxesha 2.2 unamandla ngaphezu Umhlaba. Oku kunye neminye imiba echaphazela isindululo le satellite: ukuncitshiswa wenyanga sidereal, utshintsho kwi umgama ukuya emhlabeni.

axis Moon ine utyekelo we 88 ° 28 '. Ithuba ujikeleza ngenyanga sidereal, kwaye kutheni satellite soloko ujongene icala planethi eyodwa.

Boneka

Kokuba kuthathwe ukuba Moon - inkwenkwezi, akhiwe kufutshane kakhulu kuthi (ebuntwaneni ingcamango ngesele eninzi). Noko ke, enyanisweni ayinayo iinketho ezininzi imizimba ezithile ezifana ilanga okanye Sirius. Ngoko ke, aculwa zonke iimbongi zonke ebusuku Romantic - kubonisa kwelanga. Isathelayithi akuthethi likhipha.

Inqanaba yenyanga - into enxulumene kungekho ukukhanya kwakhe. Inxalenye ebonakalayo ye-satellite esibhakabhakeni esoloko itshintsha, gqolo edlula izigaba ezine: kwenyanga entsha, ngenyanga ukwandisa, inyanga epheleleyo, nenyanga wayesele aluphele. Eli nqanaba lwenyanga synodic. Oku kwikhompyutha kuphikelane nokuthwasa kweenyanga ukuya komnye yaye sihlala-avareji leentsuku 29.5. Sidereal ngenyanga synodic elide, kuba Umhlaba nayo ihamba ilanga kunye Hewana lonke ixesha kuyimfuneko ukuba abuyise umgama ethile.

Ubuso abaninzi

Okokuqala kumjikelo kwesigaba nenyanga - lixesha lokuba njengombukeli emhlabeni satellite esibhakabhakeni engekhoyo. Ngeli xesha, wajika waya umhlaba omnyama, kwicala mbane. Ixesha le sigaba - usuku okanye iintsuku ezimbini. Ilandelwa yi ngenyanga livela entshonalanga. Inyanga - oku iceba obhityileyo kuphela ngexesha. Noko ke, Nani linganisani lonke diski satellite, kodwa ngaphantsi eqaqambileyo, zipeyintwe hina. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba umbala izimvi kwenyanga. Gray ukuqhuba kufutshane iceba eliqaqambileyo - ukuba yinxalenye satellite, ekwezi kwimitha eboniswe ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba.

Emva kweentsuku ezisixhenxe ukususela ekuqaleni komjikelo iqala isigaba esilandelayo - kwikota yokuqala. Ngeli xesha, iNyanga bekhanyise kanye isiqingatha. Phase osemqoka uphawu - umgca othe ngqo ngokwahlula inxalenye emnyama lahlala (ngeenkwenkwezi ibizwa ngokuba "terminator"). Ngokuthe ngcembe kuba khaxa ngaphezulu.

zomjikelo weentsuku 14-15 kwenyanga ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, inxalenye ebonakalayo le yesathelayithi iqala ukunciphisa. Kusuku 22 luqala kwikota yokugqibela. Kwesi sithuba ke kunokwenzeka kwakhona rhoqo ukuba bagcine umbala luthuthu. Umgama emboxo ze iNyanga ukusuka Sun ibekwe ngaphantsi yaye emva malunga 29.5 kweentsuku, yena kwakhona shwaka ngokupheleleyo.

eclipse

Xa iimpawu isindululo yesathelayithi kuwo wonke umhlaba kungenxa ezimbalwa iziganeko ngaphezulu. Moon orbit inqwelomoya ityekele ukuba baza umlinganiselo 5,14 °. Le meko ingaqhelekanga iinkqubo ezinjalo. Njengoko umthetho, komzila satellite bubonakala moya kweikhweyitha le planethi. Amanqaku ekudibaneni kwe-umendo baza of the Moon ebizwa ngokuba ekunyukeni neendawo zisihla. Abanalo inakho, rhoqo, phofu ecothayo- ezihambayo. Malunga nama-18 sites zonke baza. Ngokuphathelele ezi mpawu Luna ubuyela omnye wabo kwixesha leentsuku 27.21 (ebizwa ngokuba ngenyanga dracontic).

Ekubeni sicatshulwa amanqaku yisathelayithi ekudibaneni kwe-axis kunye baza yabangela into enjalo njengoko ilanga nenyanga. Le yinkolelo hayi kaninzi akamkholisi (okanye lilusizi) thina, kodwa ukuba rhoqo ethile. Kwelanga kwenzeka ngalo mzuzu xa inyanga epheleleyo ingqamana sicatshulwa omnye ezalathelwe satellite. Ngoko umdla "ukuqondana" livela kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo. Oku kuyinyaniso kuba umdlalo lokuthwasa kwenyanga kunye sicatshulwa womnye kwiindawo. Ngeli xesha, umnyama elanga kwenzeka.

Neembono ngeenkwenkwezi lubonise ukuba zombini iziganeko ezi nokungazinzi koqoqosho. Ubude xesha omnye ulingana ngaphezulu kancinane kwiminyaka eli-18. Saros ebizwa umjikelo. Ngeli xesha omnye kwenzeka 28 inyanga 43 komnyama elanga (13 kubo - ngokupheleleyo).

Impembelelo kwezibane ebusuku

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, inyanga yayigqalwa omnye wakubaphathi lwekamva babantu. Ngokutsho yawona kwexesha, oko kuchaphazela umlinganiswa, isimo sengqondo, imo kunye nokuziphatha. Namhlanje isenzo yenyanga kwi eziphilayo efundwayo esuka kwindawo umbono zenzululwazi. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba kukho ukuxhomekeka kwezinye nokuziphatha kunye impilo izigaba sokukhanyisa ebusuku.

Ngokomzekelo, oogqirha eSwitzerland ixesha elide ubukele ukuba izigulane kunye iingxaki kwinkqubo sentliziyo, wafumanisa ukuba iNyanga isagcwele - eli lixesha esiyingozi abantu kubuphepha ndamelwa yintliziyo. ukuhlaselwa ezininzi data zabo kungqamane ebonakala esibhakabhakeni ebusuku inyanga entsha.

Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezifanayo. Noko ke, ukuqokelelwa kwamanani aqokelelweyo okunjalo - ayikho into kuphela ukuba izazinzulu abanomdla. Bazama ukufumana ingcaciso sokuchonga iipateni. Ngokutsho ithiyori mnye, nenyanga kwiiseli zabantu isiphumo esifanayo Umhlaba lonke: ebangela olwandle. Ngenxa yoko, yesathelayithi ziyohluka nefuthe kwityala lamanzi-ityuwa, inwebu permeability, umlinganiselo hormone.

Enye inguqulelo unika phambili kwimiphumo kwenyanga kwi yimagnethi-langa. Ngokutsho lo mbono, umzimba satellite kubangela utshintsho pulses umoya, obuquka imiphumo ethile.

Iingcali banembono impembelelo enkulu izibane zethu ebusuku, kucetyiswa ukuba ukwakha imisebenzi yayo, sizenze kunye nomjikelo. Balumkisa: izibane kunye nezibane, inyanga sifana kakhulu, banokubenzakalisa impilo yabantu ngenxa yokuba umzimba sabo ukufumana ulwazi malunga notshintsho kwesigaba.

kwi the Moon

Emva Ukuqhelana isikhanyiso ebusuku evela Umhlaba uya kuhamba kumphezulu wayo. Luna - le yesathelayithi kukhuseleka kwimiphumo umoya kwelanga. indawo Day lashushu 110 ° C, yaye ebusuku ebanda phantsi ukuya -120 ° C. Ngoko yokwahluka lobushushu kwindawo luphawu encinane umzimba uqweqwe engaphandle. conductivity thermal ephantsi kakhulu kuthintela izibilini efudumeleyo satellite.

Sinokuthi inyanga - ilizwe nolwandle, behlola ingaka encinane, kodwa amagama abo. Iimephu lokuqala kumphezulu inyanga yabonakala ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. namabala amnyama, eyayivunywe phezu kolwandle, emva kokusungulwa teleskopu baba weentili, kodwa zigcinwe igama layo. iindawo lula phezu - i "Continental" ummandla weentaba nakummango badla zenze isangqa (yimingxuma). Ngosuku lokuthwasa kwenyanga, uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana eCaucasus kunye Alps, noLwandle iingxaki kunye nenzolo, i-Ocean of iStorms, Bay of Yolonwabo Swamp Rot (zokupaka kwi satellite - iilwandle omelene kwiindawo ezimnyama, lo kumgxobhozo - ezincinane isimo engagunyaziswanga), kwakunye iintaba Copernicus kunye Kepler.

Kwaba kuphela emva ekuqaleni nangobudala kwisithuba ke yajonga icala eNyangeni. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1959. Idatha wafumana satellite eSoviet amandla ukuba imaphu Bufihlakele ngeeteleskopu wezikhanyiso ebusuku. Kwakhona bayiphosa ilothe amagama amakhulu: KE Tsiolkovsky, SP Koroleva, Y. Gagarin.

kakhulu kwenye

Ukungabikho yemeko yenza inyanga ngoko ezifanayo emhlabeni wethu. Isibhakabhaka akaze kwimali amafu, umbala wayo akaguquguquki. INyanga phezu kwentloko oosomajukujuku amajukujuku agcwele kuphela. Ilanga liphuma kancinci kancinci ihamba esibhakabhakeni. Usuku kwi Moon ithatha phantse 15 iintsuku Umhlaba, kwaye ke ixesha ebusuku. Usuku ixesha elilinganayo apho umhlaba yesathelayithi yenza enye revolution kuthelekiswa ilanga, okanye inyanga synodic.

Isathelayithi yeplanethi yethu akukho umoya nemvula, njengoko kungekho ukuhamba kakuhle imini ibe ebusuku (ngongcwalazi). Ngaphezu koko, iNyanga rhoqo ziphantsi kwesoyikiso ukuwa awe esibhakabhakeni. Ngomhla inani ngqo bungqina regolith, egubungele komhlaba. Le uthuli nezibi maleko ubukhulu ukuya emashumini ambalwa eemitha. It iqulathe nakhandiweyo, luhlala ephikisanayo kunye ngamanye amaxesha edidekile, awe kunye namatye yenyanga wabatshabalalisa.

Xa ujonge esibhakabhakeni, uyakwazi ukubona kwaye isoloko kwindawo enye Axhome ihlabathi. Beautiful, kodwa phantse akatshintshi umfanekiso kungenxa ukujikeleza yenyanga malunga nexesha umhlaba wethu axis bayo. Le yenye yezinto mbono yeyona ukuba uyibonile oosomajukujuku kuqala lawela phezu komhlaba ngayo satellite.

wodumo

Kukho amaxesha xa inyanga - i "inkwenkwezi" ayikho kuphela iinkomfa yenzululwazi kunye nokushicilelwa; kodwa nazo zonke iintlobo zosasazo. Of umdla omkhulu ekubeni kubekho inani elikhulu lwabantu simanga ezinye kunokuba onge enxulumene satellite. One of them - Supermoon. Oku kuza ngemihla xa ukukhanya ebusuku kwi umgama omfutshane ukusuka emhlabeni, yaye kwisigaba kwenyanga ngokupheleleyo okanye kwenyanga. Night ukukhanya oko kwabonakala ezinkulu-14% ne-30% eliqaqambileyo. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2015 Supermoon iya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bagcine-29 Agasti, 28 Septemba (ngomhla Supermoon iya kuba onomtsalane) kunye 27 Oktobha.

Enye simo umdla linxulunyaniswa hit ngamaxesha wezikhanyiso ebusuku ngumthunzi komhlaba. Isathelayithi akuthethi shwaka ezulwini, kwaye bomvu. isiganeko Astronomical waziwa ngokuba nguBloody iNyanga. Esi amila, ukanti nabathandi isithuba mihla unethamsanqa kwakhona. Blood Moon uya kunyuka ngaphezu Umhlaba kumaxesha amaninzi 2015. Owokugqibela kubo uya kuvela ngoSeptemba yaye uza kuba ngaxeshanye kwelanga elipheleleyo izibane ebusuku. Yintoni kanye Loxwebhu le!

Night Ukukhanya ibisoloko utsale abantu. Inyanga nenyanga ngokupheleleyo - nguye imifanekiso esembindini izincoko ezininzi zemibongo. Ngophuhliso ulwazi lwenzululwazi kunye neendlela ngeenkwenkwezi yisathelayithi iplanethi yethu yaba kuphela nje ngeenkwenkwezi anomdla romantics. Amanqaku amaninzi ukususela kokuba amalinge okuqala ukuchaza nenyanga "ukuziphatha" yacaca, kukho inani elikhulu weemfihlelo satellite zaye kuvezwe. Noko ke, ukukhanya ebusuku, njengazo zonke izinto indawo ayikho njengoko ukuze kubonakale kulula.

Nditsho hambo waseMelika ayikwazanga ukuphendula yonke imibuzo abulawe naye. Ngelo xesha elinye yonke izazinzulu imihla bafunda malunga nenyanga into entsha, nangona kaninzi i data ukujikelezisa amathandabuzo ngakumbi neengcamango ezikhoyo. Ngoko ke waba hypothesis ngemvelaphi iNyanga. Zonke izinto ezintathu eziphambili eziye ingqalelo imi--60-70 ziye ukulahlwa iziphumo kwiphulo American. Kungekudala waba hypothesis phambili ukungquzulana omkhulu. Kungenzeka, kwixesha elizayo siya kuba ezininzi sifumanise izinto ezimangalisayo ezinxulumene sokukhanyisa zasebusuku.