Lev Vygotsky: engobomi, photo kunye nobuchule

Isazinzulu Outstanding Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, imisebenzi ezinkulu ezifakwe kwi-mali segolide zehlabathi bengqondo, kwafuneka kakhulu ebomini yakhe emfutshane. Yena wabeka isiseko ezininzi izinto ezalandela emva koko ekwabhengezwa pedagogy kunye psychology, ezinye iingcamango akhe alinde uphuhliso. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky wayekwiqela kumnyele zezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo Russian, okuhlanganisa erudition, izakhono brilliant buciko kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwenzululwazi.

Intsapho Childhood

Lev Vygotsky, ogama engobomi uqalwa kwintsapho elifumileyo yamaYuda kwidolophu Orsha, wazalwa ngo November 17, 1896. igama lakhe ekuzalweni yaba Vygotsky, walitshintsha ukususela ngo-1923. Igama kaTata, Simcha, kodwa ngendlela Russian ngoIsake lo imbewu. Abazali Leo babefunde kunye nabantu abazizityebi. Umama wam wasebenza njengomfundisi, uyise zomrhwebi. Intsapho Leo wesibini kubantwana abasibhozo.

Ngowe-1897, intshukumo unokumnceda na Gomel, apho utata wakhe waba isekela umphathi bank. ebuntwaneni Lion yaba uphephile, umama lonke ixesha enikelwe nabantwana. Indlu kwakhona abantwana bakhula umkhuluwa Vygodsky-in umzalwana ethile uDavide, waba nempembelelo ngamandla Lev. House inzuzo yaba liziko kwezenkcubeko apho nezazi lasekuhlaleni bahlanganisana, kuxoxwa inkcubeko iindaba kunye neziganeko ehlabathini. Utata wam waye ngunozala ithala leencwadi lokuqala loluntu esixekweni, abantwana ukususela ebuntwaneni babeqhele ukuya ukufunda iincwadi elungileyo. Emva koko, kwaphuma usapho ngaphandle Philologists ambalwa, yaye ukwahlula kuyo umzala wayo, mmeli icala Russian, Leo utshintshe unobumba egameni.

ekufundeni

Ngokuba abantwana, intsapho wamenywa ukuba utitshala inzuzo yabucala Solomon Markovich Ashpiz, eyaziwa ngokuba indlela yakhe yokufundisa engaqhelekanga esekelwe "incoko yababini" uSocrates. Ukongeza, wayebambe iimbono inkqubela kwezopolitiko yaba lilungu le-Social Democratic Party.

Leo kwabunjwa phantsi kwempembelelo katitshala, kwakunye umkhuluwa kaDavide. Ukususela ebuntwaneni wayenomdla uncwadi kunye bulumko. sobulumko ayithandayo Benedict Spinoza waqalisa, yaye olu nzulu ngendlela yokuzonwabisa oyithandayo lihanjiswa kulo ebomini bakhe. Lev Vygotsky wafunda ekhaya, kodwa kamva ngempumelelo kwiimviwo zangaphandle kwiklasi yesihlanu zada waya kwisikolo amakhwenkwe yamaYuda kwibakala-6, apho wafumana imfundo yakhe ephakamileyo. Leo bafunda kakuhle, kodwa waqhubeka ukufumana izifundo zabucala Latin, isiGrike, isiHebhere IsiNgesi ekhaya.

Ngowe-1913, yena ukumelana ngempumelelo iimviwo ekungeneni Moscow University Faculty of Medicine. Kodwa ke kungekudala kakhulu iguqulelwe ngumthetho. Ngowe-1916, abhale ezininzi ncomo zeencwadi ababhali wanamhla, amanqaku kwi inkcubeko kunye nembali, izibhengezo ngomba "Jewish". Ngowe-1917 ugqiba ukuba ashiye umthetho kwaye iguqulelwe kwi kwicandelo kwimbali-philological weYunivesithi kubo. Shanyavsky, owaphumelela kamva ngonyaka.

pedagogy

Emva kokuba egqibe eyunivesithi, Lev Vygotsky wajongana nale ngxaki yengqesho. Yena kuqala kunye nomama wakhe kunye nomnakwabo omncinane waya Samara indawo, emva koko uye ku- eKiev, kodwa ngo-1918 wabuyela Gomel. Apho idibanisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwesikolo esitsha, apho waqalisa ukubafundisa umninawa wakhe omdala uDavide. Ukususela ngowe-1919 ukuya 1923 wasebenza kwizikolo eziliqela Gomel, nayo ongusihlalo iBhodi of Education. Le amava mfundiso yaba isizathu yophando bakhe phezu iindlela zempembelelo kwi isizukulwana esitsha.

Ngokwemvelo ungena ngcembe elo icala ixesha pedological, uzalela ndawonye kwingcingane pedagogy. Vygotsky yenza ilebhu zovavanyo ikholeji Gomel, leyo wambumba bengqondo yakhe zemfundo. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich isithethi olusebenzayo kwiinkomfa libonakala kuwo izazinzulu kwintsimi entsha. Emva kokufa ISAZINZULU isebenza kwi iingxaki ukusekwa kwezakhono kunye noqeqesho abantwana, baya kuhlanganiswa ibe esihloko sithi "yenzululwazi Educational". Kuya kuba ingqokelela lwamanqaku malunga care, imfundo lobuhle, iintlobo efunda ngokusebenza kwengqondo yomntwana nobuntu notitshala.

Amanyathelo First Science

Ngoxa ukufunda kwiYunivesithi, Lev Vygotsky unomdla ukuhlalutya uncwadi, epapasha imisebenzi eziliqela poetics. umsebenzi wakhe ekuhlalutyeni "Hamlet" yi William Shakespeare yaba igama elitsha kuhlalutyo boncwadi. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yesayensi ngendlela Vygotsky uqala ukwenza kwesinye isigaba - ekuhlanganeni kweendlela zemfundo kwengqondo. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wakhokelela kwilebhu yokulinga, eyaba igama elitsha okusingqongoleyo. Nokuba ke, Vygotsky wathabatha iinkqubo ngengqondo kunye nemiba ye psychology of nempembelelo kwizinto katitshala. Imisebenzi yakhe thaca kwiinkomfa eziliqela lwenzululwazi, kwaba eqaqambileyo unique, eyenza kube lula ukuba abe ngengqondo Vygotsky.

Indlela in Psychology

Imisebenzi yokuqala Vygotsky ephathelele iingxaki zemfundo yabantwana ezingaqhelekanga, ezi zifundo Ndibeke nje isiseko yokusekwa Defectology, kodwa ube negalelo kakhulu ekufundweni imisebenzi ephezulu yengqondo kunye neepatheni engqondweni. Ngowe-1923, xa i-Congress ngomhla psychoneurology kwenzeka intlanganiso sibi kunye ngengqondo obalaseleyo AR Luria. Waye ngokoqobo yoyiswa ingxelo Vygotsky laqalisa nyathelo Lev Semenovich eMoscow. Ngowe-1924 Vygotsky wamenywa ukuba asebenze kwi-Moscow Institute of Psychology. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa eyona, kodwa ixesha elifutshane ubomi bakhe.

izinto zenzululwazi ezahlukahlukeneyo kakhulu. Wabenzela neengxaki abachaphazelekayo ngexesha Reflexology, wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo isifundo kwemisebenzi eziphezulu engqondweni, kwaye musa ukulibala malunga umsa bakhe - malunga pedagogy. uza emva kokufa sisazinzulu kuba incwadi ngokudibanisa iminyaka emininzi yophando, - ". Psychology lophuhliso loluntu" Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich yaba indlela bengqondo, kwaye kule ncwadi iqulethe nokuvakalisa yakhe phezu iindlela ezingundoqo ngengqondo kunye uxilongo. Eyona ibalulekileyo icandelo phezu kwengqondo, inzala engaqhelekanga 6 iintetho wenzululwazi, apho ahlala phezu imiba engundoqo yokusebenza kwengqondo jikelele. Vygotsky akazange ukuphatha ukutyhila kakhulu izimvo zabo, kodwa yaba ngunozala eziliqela eziqhubekayo zesayensi.

theory Cultural-zembali

Indawo ekhethekileyo ekwahluleni nangokwasengqondweni Vygotsky kuthatha ingcamango yenkcubeko-yembali psyche. Yena ngo-1928 yenza ingxelo ngqindilili ngexesha lokuba nommandla ongqongileyo kwezentlalo ngowona mthombo ekuziphuhliseni. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, leyo isebenza okusingqongoleyo indlela ezizodwa, ngokufanelekileyo babekholelwa ukuba umntwana udlula amanqanaba ukuyilwa psyche, kungekuphela nje ngenxa iinkqubo zebhayoloji, kodwa inkqubo yophuhliso "izixhobo nasengqondweni": inkcubeko, ulwimi, akhawunti inkqubo. Consciousness senzeka ngentsebenziswano kunye nonxibelelwano, ukuze indima kwenkcubeko ekubumbeni yesazisi asikwazi zibalulekile. Le ndoda, ngokutsho ngengqondo, uluntu ekuhlaleni ngokupheleleyo, nangaphandle, imisebenzi emininzi yengqondo ayikwazi kuyilwa.

"Psychology of Art"

Enye ebalulekileyo, sijike incwadi, nto leyo eye malivakale Vygotskiy Lev, - "Psychology lwezobuGcisa". Xa ukukhanya kwayo kwenzeka kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokufa yombhali, yaye emva koko benza bayilibale lesayensi. ifuthe layo nayo abaphandi ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo: bengqondo, Ezolimi, ngokohlanga, imbali yezobugcisa, yokuhlalisana. Uluvo ephambili Vygotsky yayikukuba art yindawo ebalulekileyo yophuhliso imisebenzi emininzi yengqondo, kunye imvelaphi yayo kungenxa ngokwemvelo kwembali yabantu. Art yinto ebalulekileyo ukuze ukhuseleke yabantu yabantu, wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuluntu kunye nomphefumlo ngabanye.

"Thought and Speech"

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, ogama iincwadi usathandwa kakhulu ehlabathini lonke, akukhange ixesha ukupapasha umsebenzi wakhe ezinkulu. Le ncwadi "Thought and Speech" bekusoloko revolution ngokwenene kwingcingane ixesha lakhe. Kulo sisazinzulu yakwazi ukwenza uninzi lweengcamango ukuba kakhulu kamva saqulunqwa kwaye ziphuhliswe kwinzululwazi kwengqondo, psycholinguistics, nokuphazamiseka kwentlalo. Vygotsky ngokomfuniselo wabonisa ukuba ingqondo yomntu ibunjiwe ziphuhliswe kuphela kumsebenzi intetho. Ngelo ulwimi olufanayo kunye nathi ziyindlela ekuhlumiseni umsebenzi yengqondo. Wafumana stadial uphawu ukusekwa yokucinga yaye wazisa umba "nkinga ', nto leyo ngoku kusetyenziswa yonke indawo.

igalelo Scientist ukuba isayensi

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, ogama iincwadi kufuneka ngoku ufunda wonke isayikholojisti, ngenxa yobomi yakhe emfutshane kakhulu kwinzululwazi nako ukwenza igalelo elibonakalayo kuphuhliso Sciences eziliqela. Umsebenzi wakhe uye, phakathi kwezinye izifundo, umfutho ukuze kwakhiwe psychoneurology, psycholinguistics, nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Its concept zenkcubeko nezembali ye inqondo isiseko lwesikolo sonke yenzululwazi ngengqondo ukuba uninzi ngokukhutheleyo eyavela kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Akwenzeki ukuba azingqinelani igalelo Vygotsky, uphuhliso defectology ekhaya, kwengqondo zemfundo. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe namhlanje kuphela ukufumana ngovandlakanyo oyinyaniso kunye nophuhliso kwimbali psychology Russian ngoku yindawo uzuko kuthatha igama njengoko Lev Vygotsky. Iincwadi inzululwazi namhlanje iprintwe kwakhona rhoqo, epapashwe iidrafti ayo, imizobo, uhlalutyo ebonisa indlela enamandla yokuqala ingcamango yakhe kunye nezicwangciso.

Abafundi Vygotsky zoba ikratshi kwingcingane yesizwe, nangokuvakalayo nokuphuhlisa izimvo zakhe. Ngowe-2002 wapapasha incwadi ye sisazinzulu "Psychology", ezibe zadityaniswa uphando zalo ezisisiseko emasebeni esisiseko inzululwazi, ezifana jikelele, ezentlalo, yiklinikhi, ngezengqondo, kwengqondo yophuhliso. Namhlanje, le kokufundisa Sisiseko zonke iiyunivesithi zeli lizwe.

impilo Personal

Njengaye nawuphi Scientist, Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, ngezengqondo apho iye yaba yinto ebomini, ixesha elininzi lakhe wamnika umsebenzi. Kodwa Gomel wabonakala umtshakazi nesidima yaye kamva umfazi - URose Noevna Smekhova. Laba waphila ubomi obufutshane kunye - kwiminyaka eli-10 kuphela ubudala, kodwa ke emtshatweni. Esi sibini wayeneentombi ezimbini: i Gita and Asia. Bobabini baba oosonzululwazi, Gita Lvovna --Psychologist therapist, Asia L. - eziphilayo. Ukuqhubeka umphengululi psychological ubukhosi kunye nomzukulwana - Elena Evgenevna Kravtsova, ngoku nohola Institute of Psychology ogama emva uyisemkhulu wakhe.

End of the Road

Emva phaya 1920 ekuqaleni Lev Vygotsky wangenwa isifo sephepha. Waba unobangela wokufa kwakhe ngo-1934. Scientist de ekupheleni kwemihla yaye waqhubeka ukusebenza ngomhla wokugqibela yobomi bakhe wathi: "Ndinguye. Ukulungele" Le minyaka yokugqibela yomphefumlo ngengqondo zenziwa nzima amafu kwegridi ecikizekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wakhe. ingcinezelo ezayo nentshutshiso, ngokunjalo ukufa wamvumela ukuba siphephe ukubanjwa, wamnqanda nentsapho yakhe kwimpindezelo.