Le somfanekiso-moya. ilungiselelo jikelele kunye nolawulo lwe-moya

Yintoni esiyaziyo somfanekiso-moya? Abantu abaninzi abaqhelekileyo nje Yho, kwamagxa akhe. Abo omthandayo physics esikolweni kuba nako ukuthetha isibini amazwi, kodwa ke, lo mbuzo kungenzeka ukuba babe nako ukuphendula ngokuzeleyo ngakumbi iingcali. Okwangoku, le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu ngaphandle apho yeflaythi ngathi akunakwenzeka.

Aircraft unit esisiseko

Xa ebuzwa ukuba bazobe ezimbalwa airliner omdala, imifanekiso ziya kuba malunga enye, kwaye ziya kwahluka kuphela iinkcukacha. scheme Aircraft kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: cabin, amaphiko, fuselage, ekharejini ndaze ebizwa ngokuba ngumsila wena. Umntu ukuzoba Nemingxuma, kwaye abanye ngazo, ukuze ngabomi na iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Mhlawumbi bangabanye akukho nokuba nako ukumphendula, nto leyo ifuna izinto ezithile, thina nje musani ukucinga ngayo, kodwa ndibona iinqwelomoya impela njalo, saphila kunye nemifanekiso, kwiimovie TV kuphela. Kwaye ngenene lusisisekelo angundoqo moya - abanye, xa kuthelekiswa oku, kuphela utshintsho oluncinci. ngempela le fuselage kunye amaphiko ephakamisa moya emoyeni, wenza ulawulo-moya, abakhweli okanye impahla sele ndlwana. Kaloku, kuthekani nomsila, nayo kufuneka oko? Hayi kuba ubuhle kuyo?

nomsila

Abo ukuqhuba imoto niyazi ukuba ukuya kwicala: kufuneka uvule kuphela ivili lokuqhuba, neya kulandelwa ngokushukumisa kweevili. Kodwa moya - yenye into, ngokuba umoya akukho iindlela, kunye nolawulo kufuneka ezinye iindlela. Apha uza zesayensi emhlophe phezu kumatshini eziphaphazelayo kukho inani elikhulu imikhosi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nabo eziluncedo, ziyanyuswa, kwaye abanye kuncitshiswe, nto leyo ulungelelwano kuyaphunyezwa.

Mhlawumbi, phantse wonke umntu owakha wambona i airliner, yabhekisela isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kwicandelo layo umsila - ngumsila wena. Yiyo le yinxalenye encinane kakhulu, Isimanga, ulawula yonke le matshini omkhulu, ebangela ukuba engakhange eze kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukuze ufumane okanye alahle ubude. It iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: nkqo kunye tyaba, nto leyo, nazo yahlulwe kabini. Steering kwakhona ababini, omnye ukubeka indlela sesindululo, kunye nezinye - ukuphakama. Ngaphezu koko, kukho inxalenye apho uzinzo moya longitudinal kuyaphunyezwa.

Ngendlela, ukuba somfanekiso ntaka kuba nje kuphela nesabelo salo ngasemva. Kodwa siza kuthetha kamva.

somfanekiso

scheme moya Modern inikeza ezininzi iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukugcina airliner karhulumente ekhuselekileyo abakhweli bawo onke amanqanaba-moya. Kwaye mhlawumbi ebalulekileyo kuzo somfanekiso Ezomva ngesakhiwo. Yena, enyanisweni, nje ibar, kumangalisa kangaka indlela inxalenye encinci ngolo hlobo jikelele nangayiphi na indlela kuchaphazele ukushukuma airliner omkhulu. Kodwa ngokwenene kubaluleke kakhulu - xa kukho ukusilela yale nxalenye, lo moya ugqibele sehlo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, nguye somfanekiso-moya yaba unobangela ekuweni yakutshanje umkhweli "iBoeing" e Rostov-on-Don. Ngokutsho iingcali ngamazwe, ukubhidana kwi izenzo abaqhubi kunye isiphoso yenye yazo ziqale enye kwezahlulo ngumsila, ushukumisa somfanekiso ukuya uphawu ukuma incopho. Eli qela liye nje wasilela ukwenza nantoni na ukuze uphephe ingozi. Ngethamsanqa, lo moya ayikho indawo, yaye zonke indiza elandelayo unika igumbi ngaphantsi izono zabantu.

imisebenzi

Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka igama, i somfanekiso moya isebenza ukulawula intshukumo yayo. Uhlawula kwaye sahamba ezinye kwiincopho kunye ukungcangcazela, lenza moya made kwaye ikhuselekile. Ekubeni kukho izinxaxhi kwi nkqo yaye iasi enqamlezileyo, lo somfanekiso kulawulwa kumacala amabini - ngoko iquka iinxalenye ezimbini. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba isakhiwo eyahlukileyo kakhulu, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenjongo moya, kodwa kunjalo kukho nayiphi inqwelomoya mihla.

Ingxenye oxwesileyo

Kuyinto linoxanduva wokulungelelanisa nkqo, singavumeli imoto ngoku qho emva koko "banqwala", yaye iquka iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili. Eyokuqala kwezi - umphezulu esisigxina, leyo, enyanisweni, imela intlomo somfanekiso moya. Ngomhla njengehenjisi iqhotyoshelwe kule inxalenye yesibini - ivili lokuqhuba, ngokubonelela ngolawulo.

Xa scheme eqhelekileyo ashukimisayo, lo somfanekiso tye ise nomsila. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona ayile, xa ephambi iphiko okanye ngamaxesha onke, yaye ezimbini - ngaphambili nangesemva. Kukho kwakhona kuthiwa-scheme "tailless" okanye "iphiko iphaphazela", ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle umsila tye.

Ingxenye nkqo

Eli solotya libonelela uxhathiso moya kwicala flight, angavumeli ukuba bahlunguzele ngapha nangapha. Oku kwakhona isakhiwo zizonke, nto leyo inika somfanekiso nkqo esisigxina ye-moya, okanye isiqu kunye zemithi yokujika kwi lomnyango.

Le nxalenye, ngathi iphiko, kuxhomekeka isicelo kunye neempawu adingekayo kunokuba imilo eyahlukeneyo kakhulu. Yantlukwano kwakhona kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa umahluko kwindawo usisizalwane zonke imiphezulu kwaye udibanise iindawo ezongezelelekileyo ezifana forkil okanye Ridge ventral.

Ukuma kunye nokuhamba

Mhlawumbi ethandwa kakhulu Aviation kuthuthwa ngoku empennage emise oku kuka-T, apho inxalenye enqamlezileyo ekupheleni le isiqu. Noko ke, kukho kwakhona ezinye nabanye.

Ezinye xesha esisetyenziselwa empennage ezimilise V-, apho omabini amalungu ngaxeshanye enze ngoko nangoko isebenze zombini iindawo nkqo kunye nkqo. ulawulo ephucukileyo kunye ngempumelelo encinci akuvumelekanga le uhlobo ngokubanzi isasazeka.

Ngaphezu koko, bebekwe nomsila nkqo kwenzeka apho amalungu alo phezu ngapha nangapha fuselage namaphiko bade.

Ke ukuba ukuhamba, imiphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo sizinze ke ubeka esisigxina xa kuthelekiswa izindlu. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona ezinye iindlela, ingakumbi xa kuziwa somfanekiso tye.

Ukuba utshintsho engile malunga esqwini longitudinal singaba emhlabeni, somfanekiso yolu didi kuthiwa permuted. Ukuba ulawulo somfanekiso moya kungenziwa emoyeni, kuya kuba mobile. Oku okufana moya enzima abafuna okulinganisa olongezelelweyo. Ekugqibeleni, koomatshini supersonic ezisetyenzisiweyo somfanekiso eshukumayo-moya ukwenza indima ikheshi.