Le ntaba mde ehlabathini: Top 4

Enye intaba - yinto enkulu, kodwa kungcono ukuba a lot of ezintabeni. Ingakumbi ezikholekileyo emehlweni, xa zidityaniswe zibe kummango elide, nto leyo uyenyuka msinyane enye kunye iintlambo lwamawa amancinane, kwaye konke oku liyangxengwa imilambo ukubhibhidla. ubuhle ezinjalo, yade ukuba amawaka eekhilomitha, akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na akanankathalo. Ukuvela iintaba ukuchaza imfundiso ukuyilwa isiqabu. Ithi iintili Ridge, iintaba neenduli benziwa ngenxa yokungqubana le amacwecwe njengezwekazi, ezinambuzelayo omnye komnye. Kunzima ukucinga amandla eziyimfuneko kule nkqubo. Kwaye akukho mfuneko. Kulungile ukuba babe ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo. Ingakumbi ukuba intaba mde ehlabathini. Masenze izilinganiso zabo, ukufumana indawo.

Cordilleras

Okokuqala, ndifuna ukucacisa ingongoma enye ebalulekileyo. abaninzi kakhulu edidekile lezi kunye iintaba Andes, kodwa ezimbini wesekethe ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, luyasekwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Abanye tsalela Andes "Cordillera De Los Andes", kodwa babe bengenazo ezi zintaba semxholweni. Kwakhona, kuvela ukudideka malunga nendawo zazo. Cordillera "amukela" Intshona Melika ukusuka kumzantsi ntshona, nokudala umqobo ashinyeneyo zemozulu. Kuba Umzantsi Melika, enye indima edlalwe yi-Andes. Kunika umdla, kukuba ezi iintaba phantse ukuhlangabezana kwisiphambuka 2 eMelika. Ngoko ke, amathuba amaninzi zidityaniswa zibe zokhahlamba enye, nto leyo sibi. Kuya kuba oluchanekileyo ukuba edidekile ezi ngxilimbela kwaye shiya Cordillera nakuMntla Melika, kwaye Andes - South.

Ngoko ke, i Cordillera - intaba inde ehlabathini, ubude neekhilomitha nje 18.000. Bahlukile 'asebenza' zabo eziliqela iimpawu. Cordillera submeridional ukwandisa kuphela kwicala abe ipesenti ephezulu ezintabeni eziphakamileyo wabumba orotektonicheskih imimandla emihlanu abakubudala ezahlukeneyo babe seismicity ophezulu mlilo esebenzayo.

ntaba nolwandle

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba iintaba kusenokungabikho kuphela mhlaba kodwa kwamanzi. Ngelishwa, inkoliso yabo emehlweni bentaba efihliweyo. Kwaye banomdla kancinci, kuba kwezi ezintabeni musa ukuya Ukuskiya. Kaloku, ukoyisa kwamantloko uya kukhangela kakhulu etyeni. Kodwa chain kwamanzi ayikho ngaphantsi inani phezulu. Ubude yamaRefa ngaphansi kunzima ukumisela, kodwa ubude umlinganiselo nzima.

Ngoko ke, indawo yesibini kwi simo "Le ntaba mde ehlabathini" kwi Mid-Atlantic Ridge kunye ubude bayo yeekhilomitha 18.000. Le ibekwe esizikithini i-Atlantic Ocean ecaleni kwisekethe unxweme American. Le ukubunjwa luquka onyukele kumaqondo ezininzi: Knipovicha Mona Reykjanes, kuMzantsi nakuMntla Atlantic. iincopho ngalinye similise iziqithi (i Azores, Bermuda, njalo njalo. D.). Phakathi kolundi ezidweliswe ngasentla engenaso phezulu, abadala okanye kulutsha, yinto intaba nje elide emhlabeni emva kokuba Cordilleras, ukuba kakhulu. Yiya phambili.

Andes

Andes - kuba entabeni yesithathu mde ehlabathini, kunye ubude bayo yeekhilomitha 9000. phambi kwakhe ebanzi Andes swi lwePasifiki, kwaye entla, beza zeCaribbean. Kwinxalenye esempuma komda kukhokelela kwiAltiplano neentaba. Hi ndlela leyi, zibe neminyaka ezahlukeneyo ibekwe ecaleni lonke ubude kwenkqubo yentaba. iintshukumo Orogenic waqhubeka, yaye ngoku, ekhatshwa iinyikima kunye neenkqubo mlilo.

Andes kuvamile ukuba iintaba, kujongwa ummandla omkhulu-iyenzeka ababekekileyo ukuyilwa glaciation ebalulekileyo. Ubude olukhulu kwinkqubo lwezimbiwa imisela umahluko ukufuma kunye nonikezelo nobushushu amalungu ayo ngamnye. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba oweeneem inophawu weentaba, ummandla wayo kudala enabantu abaninzi. abantu Andes Sendisicwaba kumathafa, iintlambo intermountain kunye nezitya ngaphakathi kwinkqubo entabeni kwaye lulungiselelwe ukuba ubomi kule meko. Xa Andes zezona iilali ezininzi weentaba, iidolophu kunye ukulima. Kwisithuba ezintandathu zikhona iiyunithi physicogeographical ezintabeni. Kodwa kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ezimbini kuphela: i-Central Andes Tierra del Fuego.

Central Andes

Le nxalenye inkulu kwebanga yentaba. Xa uluhlu yayo ezintabeni elise Argentina, Chile, Bolivia kunye Peru. Kwisakhiwo orotektonicheskoy luphawulwa umhlaba entabeni ephakamileyo agudle - "Pun" (or "iAltiplano" e Bolivia). Nzima uluhlu median, apho idatha ocacileyo abunjwe, yahlulelwe kwii iibhloko eziliqela. Oku kubonakala phezu neentanda eziye zavela ngenxa ngokuvela daka kunye udaka nokuphuma kwemali. Ngenxa yoko, kukho yintlanganisela weentili kwi ngengingqi nasezihlanjeni, iindawo peneplain agudle mlilo. Kwimozulu, i-Central Andes kakhulu ngokoma.

Tierra del Fuego

Ncebakazi iquka amashumi eziliqela kwiziqithi ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. I inkulu kubo, abahlala esithathwini-yendawo mhlaba iyonke - ngayo. Tierra del Fuego. Islands zezethu Argentina kunye Chile. Inxalenye yasentshona Tierra del Fuego, inkqubo intaba Andes kuyaqhubeka kwaye dissected ngamandla. Mountains (1000-1300 meters) lahlulwe ezihlanjeni intermountain, yaye bambi uzaliswe amanzi olwandle - besengxakini, amawa. Ingongoma uphakamileyo (2469 meters) ifumaneka kwi-Big Island. Esilawulwa isiqabu yamandulo glacial. A lot of amachibi amadama yi moraines.

Kuninzi lencinibakazi, ukuba abe ziingcathu imozulu olwandle. Kwintshona kulo nyaka, imvula enzima (yimikhwitsho) ukuya kuma- 3000 mm. In kwezulu ngasempumalanga ngaphantsi - 500 mm. Cool ihlobo nobusika ezishushu kakhulu (1-5 ° C). Aya e Tierra del Fuego, abakhenkethi bathi ukuba ihlobo apho, njengokuba kwi eyetundra ubusika ezifana efudumeleyo (ukuba amaqondo obushushu). Ngenxa yokwanda zeentaba kunye kubanda kakhulu sele malunga neemitha ezingama-500 ufikelela engenaxabiso.

ezintabeni Transantarctic

E Antarctica, akukho umkhenkce nje kuphela, ikhephu kunye yoonombombiya, kodwa intaba. Kwaye kakhulu elide. Zonke Antarctica leqa xitsunga enkulu, ukulahlula libe eMpuma West. Esi sigebenga ice, emi kwindawo yokugqibela kwi simo "Le ntaba mde ehlabathini", ibanga ngeekhilomitha 3500. The Ridge ivunjululwe emva ngo-1908 ngu Captain Ross. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo sawela zobuntlola zophando, kodwa uninzi uhlala unexplored. Ngethamsanqa, ngoku kukho uphando satellite, evumela, ukuba va kummango, ngoko ke ubuncinane khangela kuyo.