Le avant-garde kwi ukupeyinta kwinkulungwane yama-20: abameli imizekelo

Ukuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yabalasela ezahlukeneyo iziganeko ezinkulu-scale: uqoqosho ukutshintsha kunye nemephu zezopolitiko zehlabathi, ezenzululwazi kunye nangaphezulu. Musa ube likheswa kunye art: i avant-garde kwimizobo, zabe iincwadi uye ingqikelelo bobuchule kunye imbono zoluntu kuyo. iingcamango ezintsha zibe revolution yokwenene, othe gqolo ukuba babe negunya nefuthe yayo ehlabathini nangoku.

Yintoni na le avant-garde?

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kukho izinto eziliqela zovavanyo kunye neengcinga ezintsha kwicandelo lobugcisa. igama labo eqhelekileyo ilizwi 'Vanguard "kwi nezwi ukusuka French kwaye lithetha" i-Vanguard ". Ingcamango intsha isichasi academicism yaye baqhubeka isithethe modernity. Abameli avant-garde kwimizobo babekholelwa ukuba elililo yinkqubo yendalo, kunokuba imveliso yokugqibela. Le ndoda yajika yaba yinto ya vutshila. Le avant-garde kwinkulungwane yama-20, ekupeyinteni lungohlulwa lube neentlobo ezininzi eziphambili: Futurism, kwemiYalezo, abstraktivizm, Pop Art, Dada kunye op-art. iimpawu ezikhethekileyo luhlobo division ixesha ngengqiqo yokomoya, inkululeko ezihlekisayo yokuvakalisa kukhatshwa lwezenzululwazi, indlela yohlalutyo ukuze le nkqubo.

Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso

A ndlela intsha imveliso ezitenxileyo, idala ukungafani zobugcisa yokwenene kwaye ufake kulo ngengqiqo yokomoya. amaxabiso Artistic, ukuncitshiswa ukuya kwerandi - nantso into eyahlula ukupeyinta avant-garde. Amagcisa wenza isenzo engahambi kunye wadala nonsensical kwi ufakelo Ekuqaleni, egxininisa ukuba izimvo eziphambili yangoku. De isenzeko sokwehla waqhubeka ngamampunge yakhe ngaphakathi, eliphosa umnxeba umbukeli - ukuba uya kuba nako ukusahlula lwenyaniso amaxabiso bobuxoki? Kwimizobo wanamhla, avant-garde uze uzama ukufumana emva izithethe ezindala, ezinye ingqondo ukutshintsha wokuqala.

abameli ezahlukeneyo

UMbane oQhelekileyo garde nomkroli Duchamp womsebenzi wakhe ingqayi zesiqhelo, zibekwe phezu kwamanqwanqwa. Endi Uorhol wadala sisincoko zeenkonkxa tin. Xa izenzo ezinjalo kakhulu, umahluko phakathi ukupeyinta avant-garde kunye sculpture of kwimpucuko - kakuhle lowokuqala ngegqudu inkohliso, ukungahoywa kunye nesikolo nobunzima, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela elula bemisebenzi ukuhlekwa kakubi ufundile hayi abaphulaphuli nenkcubeko kakhulu.

Group Fauves

Enye yezinto ezininzi olothusayo thaca kwi avant-garde ukupeyinta, kwaba Fauvism. Group abalandeli Wamelana Impressionists nomnqweno ukuphumeza verisimilitude yendalo. Kuba Fauves luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa iingoma esimnandi, ukwalela kwimbono yemveli. Amagcisa umngeni ezithandwa yongxowankulu kunye salon art, ukudala imifanekiso ezincinane. Abameli ingabizwa amagcisa ezifana Raul Dyufi kunye Marquet. Nevuthisayo ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe uye ukusuka Fauvism ukuya ngokoqobo - le web "Notre Dame," wakwazi ukuba adlulisele eneenkcukacha amanzi ngqo komthunzi i-Seine, kucacile bobugcisa isonto nokufuma, okuthambisa, imisele zayo. Bamshiya ngenxa ubunyani Vlamin amagcisa Freese Umtshato imixholo primitivist kusetyenziswa Andre Derain. Zonakaliswa, imifanekiso eyimfihlakalo zadalwa yi Georges Rouault. Nangona abaninzi sigqibo esalimanyanisa iimpawu Fauves yayikhona kungekudala kakhulu nje umanyano, yaye kungekudala apheliswe.

Henri Matisse

I umFrentshi, wangena ngonaphakade imbali yezobugcisa, waba ngegcisa elinye ibalulekileyo thaca kwi avant-garde ukupeyinta. Matisse Imizobo ukuveza ingcamango zakhe ezisisiseko wokudala kokukhutshwa umbala namandla phezu canvases. Wayekholelwa ukuba umzobo elifana kakhulu umculo ezinikwe amanqaku ezisixhenxe kuphela, yaye wazama Kwathi kumava zabo into awayibonayo imisebenzi.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala amabini, Matisse waba nomdla imikrolo yase-Afrika, i-Arabhu zokuhombisa kunye woodcuts Japanese, nto leyo nayo kubonakala emsebenzini wakhe. master Imizobo abangasekhoyo enamandla: a aluhlaza, oluhlaza, mthubi enzulu. Imisebenzi yeyona yaziwa ziquka imizobo:

• "Dance", wadala phantsi kweempembelelo onyaka Diaghilev Russian eParis kunye ivasi nokupeyinta Greek.
• "Music" kunye umfanekiso ukucula nokudlala iziqwenga ezahlukeneyo izixhobo.
• "Iintlanzi Red 'ngamandla kakhulu imibala kunye nokwakhiwa Planar original womzobo kunye ukwaliwa injalo kunye nobunzulu.
• "UMnenke", omnye imisebenzi yokugqibela, wadala kumaqhekeza iphepha, pre-zipeyintwe imibala ekunene.

abstractionist Kandinsky

Ezigqame Russian avant-garde painting limelwe kulo mculi. Kandinsky wahamba kakhulu yaye bafumana ukhanyidelo kwimizobo ephakathi isiRashiya nesiFrentshi. landscapes zakhe zisekelwe dissonances umbala kunye neethowuni umdlalo kunye imigca eziya ekugqibeleni indawo ngokupheleleyo imifanekiso bakhe bokwenene umsebenzi. Ezinye lemifanekiso sifuna iinjongo ezithile Russian - umzekelo, "Le manenekazi e crinolines" okanye "ubomi ezimibalabala". Kweli xesha emva revolution, igcisa wadala uthotho graphic "Worlds Small," nto leyo wachaza ebhotwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa nobuhle Suprematism kudityaniswe zokuhombisa eliqaqambileyo. Ngowe-1922 Kandinsky wamenywa ukuba ukufundisa Bauhaus. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, umculi bazama ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubuchule kwaye sele iphumelele iziphumo ezihamba abstractionism - Imiboniso bakhe zabanjwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kunye theory baphumelela ehlabathini lonke, ucacisa ngokweenkcukacha iingcamango eye avant-garde ukupeyinta. Imizekelo iquka ixesha yomsebenzi "ubume 8" kunye "point umgca moya."