Kutheni Kufuneka mna ipensile emhlophe, yaye ceba na?

Sonke siya kuze kusetyenziswe iipensile ezinemibala. Umntu yemizobo nje izifundo esikolweni, yaye ngubani usebenzisa ngazo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kwaye abaninzi emva kokuvula i-ibhokisi banomdla mbuzo: kutheni kufuneka sibe lepensile emhlophe?

ulwazi zembali

iipensile Modern kukho malunga nama-200 eminyaka ubudala. Grafayithi ifumaneka kwenye kwiinkulungwane-5 edlulileyo kwimigodi yaseBritani. Kukholelwa ukuba sele iqalile ukususela ukuba kwenziwa lweepensile mifanekiso. Intsapho German emva 1760 baza baqalisa ukuvelisa izixhobo ezifana ngokusebenzisa powder mifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ayikhange ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu. Isazinzulu French Conte ngo-1795 wenza iipensile ezenziwe grafayithi, hayi nje kuphela, kodwa ukusuka kwiintlobo ezithile ngodongwe, leyo yena ngaphambili zivuthiswe eziko. technology olunjalo zithandwa kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Simple ipenisile umzobo yenziwa grafayithi kwaye eshiya ngasemva umzila emnyama. Kuba yayo powder imveliso grafayithi entle ingxengelelwe ngamanzi nodongwe. Yobulukhuni imveliso ixhomekeke linani nodongwe. Into ngakumbi - oko lithambile kwe ezincinci - nzima. Le ntlama-ezifana paste, oluthi luqokelelane ukusuka mxube igqithiselwa kwi eendaba, emva koko intambo kwakheka na ayinakolulwa, bahlabeka ubungakanani efunekayo yaye wafakwa eontini. Emva koko, nomsedare okanye nompleyini usikwe workpiece, wenza umsele ekhethekileyo phambili, uze unamathela kunye nayo kakade. Le umonakalo ngenxa qhawulwa egudisiweyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yavelisa malunga 300 iintlobo ipensile. Zahluke kwi ngokuba lukhuni kunye nombala. Namhlanje, kukho imibala 72 ezi mveliso. Ngoncedo lwabo, ukubhala phezu iglasi, ilaphu, iplastiki, yaye film. Ezinye zazo zisetyenziswa kusakhiwa, ukuba ushiye uphawu eza kuhlala ixesha elide.

Kutheni Kufuneka mna ipensile emhlophe kwiseti

A Isixhobo yale umbala zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Baya kudla uzobe kwiphepha elinombala okanye ngaphezulu umaleko wamalahle, ilitye ipensile, Sepia ... Amandla ipensile yahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela mnyama kangakanani isicelo. Ukuze ufunde kutheni kusetyenziswa umzobo ipensile emhlophe, khangela lo mfanekiso ukuba wayepeyinta. Uya kubona imiphumo umdla kakhulu ukuba akukho lula ukuqonda. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ufunde ukucinga "kwi negative". Ukuze uphendule umbuzo wokuba kutheni kufuneka sibe ipensile emhlophe, zama ngokwaneleyo yokugubungela iphepha ngokulinganayo ngoncedo yesixhobo lead emnyama. Emva koko kufuneka sisebenzise imigca ezimhlophe. Oko kuya kubangela lukhulu umdla. Enye ipensile emhlophe kungenziwa ugalelwe namanye imibala ukupeyinta neethowuni.

Njengoko ipensile emhlophe isebenza ebalulekileyo

Esi sixhobo sisondela kakuhle kwi imibala emnyama. Ukuba awuyazi ukuba kutheni ufuna ipensile emhlophe, ngoko zama nje ukuzoba kubo ilitha, ikhephu okanye imvula, yaye uya kubona oko kuya kuphumelela picture kumnandi! Kuyanceda ukuba benze utshintsho phakathi imibala made kwaye ubonise lomdlalo yokukhanya kwisifundo esithile. Ukusebenzisa kulula kakhulu ukuba ulungise iimpazamo. Ngoko ke, isixhobo esinjalo kubaluleke kakhulu kubugcisa obubonwayo.