Kruthu nePiramidi e Dahshur (Egypt): inkcazelo, imilinganiselo, iifoto

ilizwe Amazing Egypt. kwimozulu eshushu, iidolophu yokuphumla emangalisayo kunye ezinika unique - iiphiramidi Great - umdla izigidi abakhenkethi ehlabathini lonke nyaka ngamnye. Xa kanye ukukhankanywa kweli lizwe, abaninzi unxulumano iphiramidi of Cheops okanye kwingcwaba Tutankhamun.

Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kukho eli lizwe angaziwayo asinto ithandwayo kunjalo, kodwa akukho ezikhumbuzo ezixabisekileyo ngaphantsi yaye ezintle yamhlamnene. Yonke enkulu iiphiramidi laseYiputa athwale isihloko "kakhulu-ezininzi" nawuphi na isibonisi. Umzekelo, ubume Khafre - yeyona emangalisayo kunye umdla kubakhenkethi, iphiramidi of Cheops - aphezulu kweli lizwe, kunye nePiramidi Djoser - kanye kuqala zonke izakhiwo ezinjalo.

Kruthu nePiramidi e Dahshur, ngokuqinisekileyo, yeyona kunazo zonke kweli lizwe, yaye akukho nje engaqhelekanga, engekho semgangathweni ukuba ezi zigqeba fomu. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha iimfihlelo yephiramidi ezingaqhelekanga.

Ngubani isakhiwo emangalisayo kwakhiwa?

Ngokusemthethweni, Bent nePiramidi, iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, sakhiwa ngokwemiyalelo kaFaro Sneferu, ngubani umlawuli wokuqala IV yaka ngoofaro laseYiputa. Le nguqulo ngokwaneleyo kuqinisekiswa, yaye akukho umanyano kuvavanyo yayo phakathi izazinzulu. Kule nguqulo lubonisa iinyaniso ezimbalwa. Chief phakathi kwabo - tshe, esifunyaniswe ehlabathini iphiramidi-satellite. On kubhaliwe oqingqiweyo igama likaFaro Sneferu. It kungabonakala namhlanje iCairo Museum.

Kruthu nePiramidi: inkcazo (ubukhulu, ilifti ikhamera)

Le iphiramidi ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba cut. Yohluka kwiziseko ezifanayo imilo mgaqweni - ukwakhiwa, xa sele isiqingatha-zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa, abakhi wasitshintsha kakhulu le engela ukuthambekela. Snorfu Bent nePiramidi yakhiwa malunga ngo-2600 BC. e. Yaba ukwakhiwa yokuqala kwacetywa njenge egudileyo, kunokuba isantya.

Namhlanje, ukuphakama kwalo 100 metres, ekupheleni ukwakhiwa kwayo obeziimitha emine ngaphezulu. Kruthu nePiramidi, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izakhiwo ezinjalo, iye amagalelo ezimbini. North (Traditional) zisendaweni ukuphakama kuyimitha elinambini. Oku kukhokelela ubude inyoba kophahla oziimitha ezi 79,5 kunye nokuphakama ngaphezulu kancinane nje imitha, ukunkqwila nzulu emhlabeni kumagumbi ezimbini. Kwezi, ngenxa shaft udlulisela ngakumbi egumbini encinane ukuba Buze ngokohlobo eluphahleni.

Eludongeni emazantsi eli gumbi kukho iingcango ekhokelela iipaseji ezimbini. Omnye wabo kukhokelela umngxuma nkqo, nto leyo enxulumene nayo nayiphi ipaseji okanye igumbi. Ngaphezu eludongeni, kumgama oziimitha 12.6 ukusuka emgangathweni, kukho omnye sicatshulwa, ukwenyuka omncinane phezulu. Nguye kanye igophe, zaba nemikrolo kakuhle, kodwa kwepaseji igqityiwe, uya ezikumgangatho ophezulu sicatshulwa tyaba, esiqala ukusuka empuma kuye entshona. Ayifihli emnyango Chamber kaKumkani ngecala kwimpuma.

Umnyango lasentshonalanga ibekwe kwintaba ephakame engamashumi amathathu anesithathu eemitha. Kutheni kukho imfuneko ukudala esangweni lenkundla, unanamhla igcina ingaziwa. Yena ezizodwa kakhulu kwaye akukho analogue kwicala nayiphi isidanga wokhuseleko. Umnyango kukhokelela kwicala elingasentshona yephiramidi, nto leyo eye wahlala lining lomelele. Wavalwa itshixa ukujikajika ipleyiti, nto leyo yenziwa 50 ngayo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kudluliselwa Museum umYiputa.

Akumangalisi, kule iphiramidi afunyanwa le sarcophagus kunye nenqwaba yakhe. Kodwa igama Snorfu yamiswa kwiindawo ezimbini ikhamera kunye ipeyinti ebomvu. Kruthu nePiramidi eYiputa, ngokutsho abaphandi, akwazi ukufumana i imilo engaqhelekanga ezifana ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, ukufa ngequbuliso likaFaro kungaba isizathu sokuba yokugqitywa ngokukhawuleza wokwakha. Okwesibini, ubuso kwithambeka elikhulu enokwenza ukuwa izakhiwo, kwaye kufuneka abakhi ukutshintsha engile ukusuka degrees 54 ukuya 43 ukuze asindise kwisiseko.

Lisendaweni malunga amahlanu eemitha ikhefu iphiramidi. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba Bent nePiramidi Sneferu e Dahshur ngokutsha kathathu. Oku kungenxa kumasango kumanqanaba amabini, ezo nto ezinxulumene omnye komnye. Lukamasinyusane nomntu nelungiselelwe iincam ezine. Amaziko iibhloko amatye kunokuba likumgangatho ophantsi, kwaye izitena baphathwa kalukhuni. Kukho nenye inkalo yale sakhiwo; iindonga kunye yomgangatho iphiramidi ukuba imigca ebomvu, uhlobo apho ayaziwa.

complex nokungcwaba

Luquka ezi iphiramidi engundoqo kaFaro kunye iphiramidi-satellite. Bona singqongwe udonga lwamatye kweemitha ezimbini. Udonga lwamatye inxulumanisa etempileni lengcwaba kunye indlela ende esingalungiswanga. Oku ibekwe eemitha 704 ukusuka iphiramidi, benjenjalo ukumemeza ukuthandana.

Ngaphezu koko, wafumana ikhethe omnye kwindlela ohamba ukusuka etempileni nzulu entilini. Esi sakhiwo isixhobo lengcwaba ekhethekileyo naphi na eYiputa, lungenzeki.

yethemba egcinwe

Kruthu nePiramidi ukuba olu suku luye waqhubeka zijonge phantse bonke ubuso izakhiwo. Zonke ezikhumbuzo ezinkulu kweli lizwe ngombala umphandle isusiwe ixesha elide kwaye isetyenziswa bendawo izinto zokwakha. Abakhenkethi banethuba elilelabo ukubona iiphiramidi emgceni.

Qonda iiphiramidi ubunjani ngathi kumaxesha amandulo, kunokwenzeka kuphela Dahshur. Kuyamangalisa ukuba kuphela Bent nePiramidi, ethe na isusiwe elibele. Egyptologists ukuzicacisa nezivakalayo okwangoku zifunyenwe.

Pyramid-satellite

Ukuya ngasezantsi Bent nePiramidi kumgama mahlanu anesihlanu meters yisathelayithi yephiramidi encinane. Kukho ingcamango yokuba kwakhelwa Ka (umphefumlo) likaFaro. Ekuqaleni, kwaba ukuphakama neemitha 26, ngoku kweemitha-23, ubude macala - 52,8 leemitha.

Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba lekalika ngenxa iphiramidi wahlangulwa kwidolophana kumazantsi Cairo, esasingakunxweme ngasempumalanga umNayile. Kuye kwaba kudala akukho ingaphakathi, ngoko ngokukhawuleza utshabalalisa ukukhukuliseka. Amangeno kule iphiramidi-nezesathelayithi kwicala langasentla kwi ukuphakama ngaphezu kancinane ngaphezu kwemitha ngaphezu komhlaba. Iqala kunye itonela apho ityekele ° 34. ubude bayo -. 11,60 m kulandelwa kwindlela tye. Ngaxeshanye, oko itonela ngeebloko ngamatye. Ekupheleni kwesi sicatshulwa kukho uswele encinane.

i ngaphakathi

Indawo kwindawo iphiramidi ukhumbuza indawo kwi iphiramidi ka Cheops. Ukwigumbi kokuba ubude 1.6 m, abaphengululi bafumana sarcophagus, kodwa mhlawumbi hayi kusetyenziswa ukwakha engcwabeni. Yile iphiramidi satellite kuphela eYiputa ubungakanani onocwangco ngolu hlobo kunye nenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo angu akhiwe.

Ekuqaleni, abaphengululi babecinga ukuba eli iphiramidi yaba engcwabeni seKumkanikazi Hetepheres. Kamva, Noko ke, walahlwa oluguqulelo, kuba akukho nentwana le imingcwabo kwafunyanwa. Kungenzeka, iphiramidi yaba ziyakubaluleka yonqulo (ngokwenza imibingelelo, eqhuba amasiko). Le hypothesis luqinisekiswa kukuba kude kwicala elingasempuma yafunyanwa isibingelelo esenziwe lelabhastile kunye ezimbini imitha ezintlanu-Stella macala omabini.

itempile eliphezulu

Kwicala elingasempuma Bent nePiramidi kukho iintsalela lebandla elincinane kakhulu. Oososayensi bafumene ezimbini yelimestone tshe aqhekeka kweemitha ezilithoba ephakemeyo phina phezu kwabo egameni Sneferu. Le tempile zange isetyenziswe njengendawo engcwabeni. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa ukuba itempile ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela.

reviews

abahambi abaninzi bayacetyiswa ukuba nabani na oza kutyelela eYiputa nobubele kwaye libalele, khumbula ukuba oku kuphela lizwe kwelanga eliqaqambileyo eshushu, iiholide ezinkulu kunye mnandi niphumle yokuzonwabisa. Egypt - lizwe linembali osisityebi, a ezikhumbuzo zamandulo elikhethekileyo, kakade, iiphiramidi odumileyo, phakathi apho indawo ekhethekileyo eyayikuyo Bent Pyramid. Ekubeni ulibonile ke kanye, uza kufumana ezininzi yokuvela ecacileyo, kwaye ukwenza mifanekiso mihle, nakanjani, kuza kufuna ukuba babuyele kule ndawo kwakhona.