Izixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity yamanzi. Viscosimeter yokujikeleza

Ukungazibandakanyi kwamanzi amaninzi kulandelwa zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo - iifetcometers. Ngokuhambelana neempawu kunye nokuyila, iintlobo ezininzi zezi zixhobo ziyaziwa. Enye yazo i-viscometer yokujikeleza, inokukwazi ukuhlola ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo.

Iintlobo zezixhobo

Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-viscosity yamanzi zihlala zihlula zibe ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu:

• I-viscometer yeCapillary.

• Viscometer yeMechanical.

• Viscometer yokujikeleza.

Cinga ngalunye lwezilwanyana ngokubanzi.

Izixhobo zamatshini

Uluhlu lwee-viscometers ze-mechanic luyilo lonke uchungechunge lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, umgaqo wokusebenza osekelwe kwiipropati zamanzi. Ezi zinokuba yi-resonance, bubble, iimitha zebhola. Ukuba iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala zihlala zisetyenziswa kwibhubhoratri, oku kufunyanwa kwimihla ngemihla. Umgaqo wakhe womsebenzi usekelwe ekufunyaneni kukaGalleo.

Ngaphakathi kweso sixhobo kukho "ibhokisi" apho ibhola ikhona khona. Emva kokuzalisa idivaysi ngamanzi, i-viscosity yayo kufuneka imiswe, ibhola iyawa. Ixesha elichanekileyo elifunekayo lokulahla ibhola kwi-pad yokudibanisa lilinganiselwa. I-viscosity engqinelanayo ichongiwe ukusuka kweli xesha.

Izixhobo zolu hlobo lwama-capillary

I-viscometer ye-capillary kwi-design yayo inombhobho enobumba obunomlinganiselo owaziwayo. Uvavanyo lwamanzi lugeleza kule tube. I-fluid efanayo iyavunyelwa kwakhona ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu enomyinge omkhulu, ngaphakathi apho umonakalo we- capillary ungadalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-fluid flow flow under gravity (oko kukuthi, ukusuka phezulu phezulu). Kodwa ezinye iifayile zenza uxinzelelo lwengqondo. Ilinganisa ixesha apho utywala luza kuhamba phakathi kwezi zibini. Emva koko balala umehluko wabo. Inani le-viscosity liza kuba lilingana nexabiso le mehluko.

Izixhobo zolu hlobo zilula, kodwa zikhulu. Enye ingozi kukuba i-coefficient ye-viscosity yamanzi ayifanele idlule kwi-12 kPa * s. Eli xabiso lihambelana neengxube ezihamba kakuhle. Utywala obuninzi obuninzi, okanye unobumba, kweli phepha alinakulinganiswa.

I-viscosimeter yokujikeleza: umgaqo wokusebenza

Ukuqulunqwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa zolu hlobo luyi-cylinder ngaphakathi apho kufakwe indawo. Inqanaba langaphakathi lihamba ngesantya esithile ngenxa yokuqhutshwa kombane oxhunyiwe.

Phakathi kwe-cylinder kunye nommandla apho kukho indawo, ezaliswe ngolu hlobo oluthile olufundwayo. Kule meko, ukuchasana nokuhamba kweenguqu zenguqu. Kulezi zixhobo, ngokuxhomekeka ngokukodwa kokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi kunye nesantya sokujikeleza. Ezi parameters zichongiwe ngenxa yolu vavanyo.

Ngaphakathi kwesilinda akukho nto ihlala yindima. Inokuthi ithatyathwe yidisk, i-cone, iplate okanye esinye isilinda. Umgama phakathi komzimba wangaphakathi nangaphakathi ungama-millimeters ambalwa, ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe amandla okuxhatshazwa. Inani loxhatshazo lugqitywa ngabaphathi. Xa zifakiwe, ixabiso liya kuba lichanekileyo. Ngako oko, ixabiso le sixhobo liya kwanda.

I-viscometer yokujikeleza ilungele uketshezi kunye ne- viscosity coefficients ukusuka kumawaka ukuya kwezigidi zePa * s. Isantya sokujikeleza umzimba ngaphakathi sidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo kuxhomekeke kuyo. I-low down speed, echanekileyo imilinganiselo. Izixhobo ezinesantya esincinci sokujikeleza kwe-angular zichanileyo, kodwa nazo zibiza.

Iintlobo ze-viscosimeters zokujikeleza

Umgaqo osebenzayo uchazwe ngasentla ufana ne-viscometer yase Brookfield. Le yile divayisi elula yolu hlobo lwemitha. Kodwa umzimba ongaphakathi awuhlali uhamba. Kwezinye iimeko, i-cylinder yangaphandle ijikeleza. Yingakho i-viscometer yokujikeleza ingaba yimiba emibini: nge-cylinder ehleliweyo kunye neejinjini zokuthambisa.

Umzimba wangaphakathi wee-viscometers zethutyelo unqunyanyisiwe phakathi kwinqanaba nge-thread elastic. Xa i-cylinder yangaphandle ijikeleza, umbane olinganisiweyo uqala ukuhamba. Xa ijikeleza, i-cylinder iphinda ikhoyili. I-angle yokuphambanisa ye-cylinder yangaphakathi ilinganiswe ngumbane we-fluid ejikelezayo.

Iphutha lokulinganisa liphuma kumgangatho we-cylinder yangaphakathi. Iingcali ezininzi zenzululwazi ziye zalingisa ukusombulula le ngxaki ngendlela yazo. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, isiseko senziwe i-concave. Xa ugcwalisa umbane kwi-concavity, umoya uhlala. Ngaloo ndlela, ukungqubuzana nezantsi kuya kunciphisa. I-Gatchek ososayensi, i-cylinder yangaphakathi ye-Couette efakwe kwiinqongo zokhuseleko. Oku kwanciphisa uxinzelelo lweziphelo zalo. UVolovich wasebenzisa isilinda esinde kodwa esincinci. Nangona kunjalo, impazamo ngenxa yezantsi yayingabalulekanga. Inani lezenzululwazi zasebenzisa izixhobo apho umgama phakathi kweesilinda wawuncinane kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, i-bottom of the device ayizange igcwaliswe ngamanzi.

I-viscosimeter yokujikeleza ineendlela ezininzi zokwakha. Kodwa ihlala inamathuba afana nokuxhamla, ubukhulu obuncinci, impazamo encinci kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Siyabulela kule mpawu ukuba ifowuni yaziwa kakhulu.