Izinto isixhobo Main: iintlobo, brand, iimpawu, iimpawu, izinto zokuvelisa

iimfuno ezisisiseko izinto isixhobo -. Ukufumaneka lukhuni, ukumelana lingonakali, ubushushu kunye nabanye Ukuhambelana nale ndlela yenza ahlabayo. Ukuze enze ukuqaliswa zomaleko komhlaba mveliso lokuphathwa kwencakuba ngenxa ukusika iindawo zokusebenza kufuneka yenziwe aluminium olomeleleyo. Ukuqina ingaba zendalo okanye lufundiwe.

Umzekelo, isixhobo lwentsimbi olwalusele kunqunyulwa lula. Emva unyango ndlela mechanical kwaye thermal yaye isila kwaye ufunde, inqanaba yokuqaqadeka kunye namandla ukunyuka.

Njani na yobulukhuni?

Uphawu inokuchazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. yodidi Tool babe yobulukhuni Rockwell yokuqaqadeka abe uphawulo lwamanani, kwakunye HR alphabetic yesikali A, B okanye C, (umz, HRC). Ukukhethwa kwezinto isixhobo ixhomekeke kuhlobo ngentsimbi isaphononongwa.

Inqanaba iyizinzise yokusebenza kunye wear elisezantsi ibe likhaba iiMviso unyango ubushushu aokusetyenziswa ngenxa isalathi HRC 63 okanye 64. Ngelo index iipropati esezantsi kwemathiriyeli isixhobo ayikho phezulu kangaka, yaye lukhuni phezulu, baqalise ukuwa ngenxa brittleness.

Metals ukuba yobulukhuni HRC 30-35, baphathwa kakuhle izixhobo yentsimbi, ubushushu kakubi kunye ngomlinganiselo HRC 63-64. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo kwezalathisi yokuqaqadeka 1: 2.

Ngokuba iintsimbi izimuncumuncu kunye HRC 45-55 kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezisekelwe iintsimbi nzima. Kuyinto sisalathisi 87-93 wabo HRA. Materials ezisekelwe zokwenziwa ingasetyenziswa ekunyangeni i yodidi phantsi lukhuni.

izinto isixhobo kwalo

Xa inkqubo ukunciphisa amandla yabasebenzi impembelelo B10 KN nangaphezulu. Oku kuphakamisa ombane aphezulu, okungathetha ukutshatyalaliswa eso sixhobo. Ukuze uphephe oku, iincwadi ukugawula kufuneka inomlingani ephezulu yokunganyangeki.

Indibaniselwano intle nangamandla lwesixhobo ngentsimbi. inxalenye Ukusebenza wenza yokunganyangeki obalaseleyo kakhulu umthwalo onzima kwaye isebenze ucinezelo, torsion, eguqa, bazolulela.

Impembelelo ebalulekileyo zokufudumeza ubushushu phezu blade isixhobo

Xa ubushushu ekhutshwa ngexesha nangokukrola lwesinyithi baboniswa kubushushu blade zabo, ukuba kakhulu - komhlaba. Xa lobushushu ungaphantsi kakhulu isalathisi uphawu (kuba izinto nganye yayo) isakhiwo kunye nobulukhuni akatshintshi. Ukuba lobushushu ubushushu uba ngaphezu umlinganiselo avumelekile, inqanaba yobulukhuni uyawa. lobushushu Critical ebizwa yobulukhuni ebomvu.

Ntoni igama elithi "yobulukhuni ebomvu"?

Ibizwa ngokuba ebomvu impahla yobulukhuni intsimbi xa itshiswe ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 600 ° C ziyavutha ebomvu emnyama. Eli gama libonisa ukugcinwa yokuqaqadeka zentsimbi kunye ukuxhathisa ukuba ukunxiba. Xa ezingundoqo wayo kukwazi ukumelana amaqondo aphezulu. Ngokuba izinto ezahlukeneyo, kukho imida ukusuka 220 ukuya 1800 ° C.

Ngenxa oko kuphuculwe intsebenzo ukunciphisa izixhobo?

izinto Isixhobo zesixhobo ukusika ebonakala ukusebenza omkhulu ukunganyangeki amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokuphuculwa ubushushu zeemoto eyenziwe incakuba ngexesha ahlabayo. Ubushushu lunceda ukwandisa lobushushu.

Ubushushu kakhulu bucala ibe likhaba nzulu isixhobo, inowuthi iqondo kumphezulu wayo zoqhagamshelwano. inqanaba conductivity thermal ixhomekeke ngoobani kunye ubushushu.

Umzekelo, kwi intsimbi izinto ezifana Tungsten kunye vanadium ibangela ukwehliswa conductivity yayo thermal, kwaye ukungcola of titanium, ayibe, molybdenum kunye uyawafikisa kuvuka.

Ukusuka apho ukungavumelani kwe zochuku sliding kuxhomekeke?

Isalathisi zochuku ukungavumelani kwe ngokuwatshibiliza lixhomekeke ubume kunye neempawu ebonakalayo kwezi zibini ngokuqhagamshelana izinto, kwakunye nexabiso le ombane phezu imiphezulu bajamelene zochuku ngokuhambisa. Factor ichaphazela uxhathiso banxibe le eziphathekayo.

Isixhobo Ukudibana ne umbandela phantsi unyango wenziwe rhoqo ukunikezela qha.

Indlela baziphathe kwimeko izinto yesixhobo? Iintlobo zokuguga ngokulinganayo.

Bona ebonakala:

• ukukwazi ukucima i yentsimbi ngalo qha;
• ukukwazi ukubonisa ukumelana ukunxiba, oko kukuthi ukuxhathisa lingonakali nezinye izinto.

ukuguga blade kwenzeka rhoqo. Ngenxa yale sixhobo ulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo, kwakunye ngokutshintsha imilo okanye kwindawo osebenzela kuyo.

banxibe index ukumelana kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko kuthatha indawo phantsi kuyo ahlabayo.

Ngawaphi amaqela bohlulwa isixhobo sentsimbi?

Izinto eziphambili isixhobo unako lungohlulwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• cermet (izinyithi hard);
• cermets, iiseramikhi okanye izimbiwa;
• boron ephuculweyo ngokusekelwe izinto zokwenziwa;
• diamonds base zokwenziwa;
• isixhobo sentsimbi ngokusekelwe carbon.

intsimbi instrumental abe carbon, exutyiweyo kunye HSS.

yodidi isixhobo isekelwe carbon

izinto carbon zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izixhobo. Zabo Isantya ukusika esezantsi.

Njengoko iphawulwe isixhobo sentsimbi? Materials kuboniswe yileta (umzekelo, "U" kuthetha carbon), kwakunye nenani (amanani eshumini ze enesiqulatho carbon ekhulwini). Ubukho unobumba "A" ekupheleni lokumakisha kubonisa ngensimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu (umxholo kwezinto ezifana isalfure phosphorus, engekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.03%).

It ephawula umbandela carbon index yobulukhuni HRC 62-65 kunye ukuxhathisa lobushushu eliphantsi.

Zitampu izinto isixhobo U9 kunye U10A zisetyenziswa ekwenziweni iincakuba, kunye nothotho U11, U12 kunye U11A eyenzelwe iimpompo ngesandla, kunye nabanye. Tools.

Inqanaba yokumelana lobushushu yodidi series U10A, U13A ngu-220 ° C, ngoko ke isixhobo izinto ezinjalo bacetyiswa ukuba basebenzise ekugawuleni ngesantya 8-10 m / min.

exutyiweyo intsimbi

Isixhobo izinto doped abe chromium, hromokremnistym, Tungsten kunye hromovolframovym, doped ne manganese. La manqaku babonakala amanani, yaye ekuphawuleni yokoqobo. Ekhohlo-ezininzi yokuqala ibonisa umlinganiselo kwekhabhoni nezahlulo ukuba isiqulatho sakhi ngaphantsi kwe-1%. Amanani lasekunene iphiko amele umndilili candelo kweziyobisi le njengepesenti.

Brand X izinto isixhobo efanelekileyo ukulungiselela ukuveliswa iitephu kunye afe. Steel B1 kusebenza ukuba mveliso a amancinci-ertyisi uqheliso, iitephu, kunye reamers.

Inqanaba yokumelana lobushushu izinto doped yi 350-400 ° C, ngoko, isantya ukusika kunye namaxesha nesiqingatha omkhulu ngaphezu koko carbon ingxubevange.

Kutheni ukusebenzisa yodidi oluphezulu ingxubevange?

Various izinto ukusika isixhobo ekhawulezayo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa kombiwa amasuntswana, reamers kunye iitephu. Bona ziphawulwe oonobumba neenombolo. amacandelo ebalulekileyo izinto Tungsten, molybdenum, chromium kunye vanadium.

yodidi-High speed zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: eqhelekileyo kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lentsebenzo.

Steel yokusebenza eqhelekileyo

Uhlobo lwe zentsimbi kunye namanqanaba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ekunokuthiwa P18 kwibakala, ikhasi 9, R9F5 kunye aluminiyamu Tungsten doped kunye molybdenum R6MZ series R6M5 leyo iyigcine lukhuni alithe gangqa 58 HRC kwi 620 ° C. Amanqaku efanelekileyo yodidi obrabatyvaniya icarbon kunye neendidi ingxubevange ephantsi, izimvi kwesinyithi aluminium nonferrous.

Steel oluphuculweyo yokusebenza

Olu didi kungabandakanya brand R18F2, R14F4, R6M5K5, R9M4K8, R9K5, R9K10, R10K5F5, R18K5F2. Ukuba uyakwazi ukugcina index HRC 64 kubushushu ka-630 ukuya 640 ° C. Olu didi lubandakanya izixhobo izinto superhard. Yenzelwe ayina kunye aluminium nokuba zilungiswa nzima, kwakunye for titanium.

aluminiyamu nzima

izinto ezinjalo;

• cermet;
• kwezimbiwa ceramic.

Imilo ye amacwecwe kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ubucukubhede. izixhobo ezinjalo zisebenza kwi HSS xa kuthelekiswa imifanekiso ngesantya esiphezulu ahlabayo.

cermet

aluminiyamu Solid-metal zezi:

• Tungsten;
• Tungsten enesiqulatho titanium;
• Tungsten ne ukufakwa titanium kunye tantalum.

VC series iquka Tungsten kunye titanium. Instruments ngokusekelwe kula macandelo kufuneka ukumelana eliphezulu ukuguga, kodwa inqanaba ukungawi nempembelelo ukuba ziphantsi. Utshintsho apha naphaya ngesisekelo esetyenziselwa obrabatyvaniya zentsimbi.

Ingxubevange of Tungsten, titanium kunye ayibe usebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo yentsimbi.

Yindibanisela Tungsten, titanium, tantalum kunye ayibe lisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizodwa apho ezinye izinto olungasebenziyo.

aluminiyamu Hard luphawulwa nokumelana eliphezulu lobushushu. Materials Tungsten uyakwazi ukugcina impahla yayo ebonisa kunye HRC 83-90, kwaye Tungsten kunye titanium - HRC 87-92 kubushushu of ukusuka 800 ukuya 950 ° C, nto leyo evumela ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu kwintshabalalo (500 m / min ku 2700 m / min at aluminium obrabatyvanii).

Kuba amalungu esaba kufuneka ukumelana ukuba nomhlwa lobushushu eliphezulu, sebenzisa izixhobo kuthotho entle-olungisiweyo aluminiyamu ngileyo. Mark VK6-Om ilungele ukuba kokugqiba izimuncumuncu, kunye VK10-VK15-ngileyo Om - kuba kweziphakathi ukuya rough.

ukusebenza Greater emsebenzini kunye iinxalenye "nzima" siye saneencwadi isixhobo superhard Series BK10-hai kunye VK15-Rhom. Bathi tantalum khabhayithi, chromium khabhayithi indawo, ebenza zomelele ngakumbi xa zibethwa lobushushu eliphezulu.

Ukunyusa umgangatho amandla kwipleyiti eqinileyo, Asebenzisa ukuba enamathela ube olukhuselayo umboniso. khabhayithi esebenzayo, titanium ephuculweyo, kunye carbonyl, olusetyenziswa thinly kakhulu. Ebubanzini uvela microns-5 ukuya kweli-10. Ngenxa yoko kukho inwebu omhle titanium khabhayithi. Umgangatho amacwecwe uxhathiso ezintathu-goca ngaphezu amacwecwe uncoated, nto leyo eyandisa isantya ukusika nge-30%.

Kwezinye iimeko, izinto ze cermets sisiqhamo nokongeza aluminiyam oxide ne Tungsten, titanium, tantalum kunye ayibe.

ukubumba kwezimbiwa

Ukusika izixhobo ezisetyenziswa iseramikhi yezimbiwa CM-332. S ukumelana lokuba lobushushu eziphakamileyo. HRC index yobulukhuni ukusukela kuma-89 ukuya 95 ngo-1200 ° C. Kwakhona ukunxiba impahla uxhathiso kuye, evumela ukwenziwa ngentsimbi, isinyithi waphosa kunye aluminium ayoni ngesantya esiphezulu ahlabayo.

Ukwenza ukusika izixhobo, cermet isetyenziswe series B. Oku kusekelwe oxide kunye khabhayithi. Ukuqaliswa kwezimbiwa yodongwe khabhayithi metal kunye molybdenum, kunye chromium, inceda ukwandisa iimpawu zomzimba mechanical le cermet khipha brittleness yayo. Isantya ukusika Ukwandiswa. Medium ukugqiba lokuqhubeka cermet esekelwe isixhobo isetyenziselwa zingwevu intsimbi uphose, intsimbi nzima kunye nenani ukuqhubekekiswa izinyithi non-ayoni. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngesantya ka 435-1000 m / min. Ukubumba isithole abanganyangekiyo ifuthe lobushushu. yobulukhuni zawo 90-95 HRC lusemnyango 950-1100 ° C.

Kuba obrabatyvaniya intsimbi ligqithile ucimayo, isamente intsimbi ixesha elide, kwakunye fiberglass sixhobo, inxalenye ukusika evela kwi eziqinileyo eziqulathe iboron ephuculweyo kunye nedayimani ezisetyenzisiweyo. Isalathisi yobulukhuni CBN (boron ephuculweyo) liphantse iyafana naleyo diamond. ukuqina kwayo lobushushu amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu kunolo yokugqibela. Elbor kunokuba egalelwe kwizinto zentsimbi. level polycrystals uqine xa zixinaniswe oko 4-5 uTsvangirai (400-500 kgf / mm ^2), kwaye xa zityediwe - 0.7 uTsvangirai (70 kgf / mm ^2). Ukumelana lobushushu kukuba kumda ka-1350-1450 ° C.

Kwakhona esidumileyo yi nedayimani-based Ballas series eyenziweyo ASB kunye Carbonado ISPC series. umsebenzi eekhemikhali yokugqibela ukuya izinto carbon iphezulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto lisetyenziswa kwi ukulolwa iinxalenye ezenziwe aluminiyamu zesinyithi nonferrous ezinomthamo eliphezulu lesilicon, eziqinileyo VK10, VK30 kunye iindawo non-zalo.

index ukumelana bathezi carbonade - amaxesha 20-50 ngaphezu kwenqanaba ukungawi aluminium nzima.

Zeziphi aluminiyamu ziye zande kwishishini?

Jikelele izinto isixhobo ekhoyo. Iifom asetyenziswa eRashiya, eUnited States e Europe, kuba inkoliso musa i Tungsten. Basonta uthotho KNT016 kunye TN020. Le modeli baye baba iintlobo ababambeleyo T15K6, T14K8 kunye BK8. zisetyenziselwa izimuncumuncu zentlelo intsimbi, intsimbi engatyiwa nezinto zesixhobo.

ngeemfuneko ezintsha izinto isixhobo ngenxa ukuswela Tungsten kunye ayibe. Kungenxa le into rhoqo equlunqwayo iindlela ezizezinye ukufumana aluminium ezintsha nzima ukuba musa ziqulathe Tungsten kwi US, eYurophu naseRashiya.

Ngokomzekelo, izinto isixhobo lemveliso inkampani American Adamas khabhayithi Co Titan series-50, 60, 80, 100 aqulathe khabhayithi, titanium kunye molybdenum. Ukwandisa inani ibonisa iqondo Wozisibekekisa eziphathekayo. Iimpawu zeemathiriyeli lwesixhobo lo mba ithetha inqanaba eliphezulu namandla. Umzekelo, Titan100 manqaku enzelwe amandla ka-1000 MPA. It is a nathi of ngodongwe.