Ingcinga, iimpawu, iimpawu, isakhiwo kunye neentlobo amaqela amancinci Social Psychology

Yonke imihla, wonke umntu, nokuba ubudala, ozikhethayo, iminqweno, ubume ekuhlaleni kunye nomgangatho wokuphila ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu emsebenzini, esikolweni, nakwizizalwana, abahlobo, esibaqhelileyo, kwaye maxa wambi abasemzini. ubudlelwane ezahlukeneyo kwakhiwa, onxibelelwano kwezentlalo kunye nabo. Abantu zimanyene kumaqela anomdla, izifundo zobungcali okanye ezinye iimpawu. Noba yokuxoxisana nabanye kuchaphazela ngqo ukuyilwa ubuntu kunye nokuzimisela indawo ngamnye ethile kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Ulwazi isiseko ezithile nangokwasengqondweni ukuyilwa amaqela kunokumnceda umntu ukuba ukhethe indawo yabo. Iingcali-iisayikholojisti loo nkcazelo kuyimfuneko ukudala iimeko eyahlukileyo yokusebenza, kunye nentloko kuya kunceda ukuququzelela ngempumelelo ukuqeshwa, ukulawula imisebenzi nabanye abasebenzi. Namhlanje, siza kwabelana inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kumaqela amancinci yaye ziziphi iimpawu zazo.

Yintoni iqela elincinane bengqondo?

Xa bengqondo, iqela elincinane ekuthiwa komdibaniso inani elincinane labantu wu ri karhi yonxibelelwano enye bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, kukho naziphi na amaqhina eziqhelekileyo ekuhlaleni kunye nemisebenzi ezidibeneyo. aggregate enjalo abunjwe kwiqela ngalinye. Iintlobo amaqela amancinci bengqondo lwentlalo azakubalulwa indlela ukubunjwa: iindlela ngokwendalo okanye.

Umbuzo malunga inani labathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka ibe loo imibutho ezincinane, iisayikholojisti neengcali yintoni na axoxa ehlabathini lonke. Ezinye iingcali athi nokudalwa iqela elincinane labantu ababini kuphela. Abanye, elingumthombo, bakholelwa ukuba iintlobo ubudlelane kwiqela elincinane, eyenziwa ngaba dyad (abantu ababini), yahluke kakhulu, bona babe neempawu zabo, ngaphandle kokuba uphawu encinane ukumanyanisa abantu. Ngoko ke, sisetyenziswe ngeenkolelo ezinjalo kubonisa imbono yokuba inani ubuncinane nxaxheba kwi qela lincinane kufuneka ibe ngabantu 3.

kuvela impikiswano ngakumbi malunga nani liphezulu labantu kumaqela amancinane. Xa imisebenzi ababhali ezahlukeneyo zifumaneka phakathi top 10, 12 okanye 40 wokubhalwa kugqirha odumileyo Dzhekoba bakaLevi Moreno, eganiweyo inxaxheba ingxaki zentlalo amaqela, kuboniswe nani liphezulu labathathi-nxaxheba kwi qela lincinane. Ngokwembono yakhe, ukuba abantu abangama-50. Kodwa ke engcono ukuyilwa iimanyano nxaxheba 10-12. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uluntu kunye nenani elikhulu labantu nobanda zenzeka qho, utsho ukuyilwa iindidi ezintsha ze kumaqela amancinane.

features

Ukuze ubone nokuqokelelwa inani elincinane labantu njengeqela elincinane, kuyimfuneko ubukho iimpawu ezithile ezicacile:

1. iintlanganiso rhoqo-nxaxheba.
2. Formation of injongo enye, iinjongo.
3. umsebenzi jikelele.
4. Ubukho ngesakhiwo, kwinkcazelo inkokeli, inkokeli.
5. Ukuchaza iindima nemisebenzi nxaxheba ngamnye.
6. Formation yonxulumano lwangaphakathi phakathi kwi qela.
7. imithetho Education, izithethe, izithethe, ngaphakathi iqela elincinane.

Ukwenziwa yendalo iqaqobana

Phantse usoloko eyenzeka ubunini babo amakhulu kwicandelo elingenzi nto-nxaxheba zibe inani elincinci of association. Concept neendidi amaqela amancinane, eziye kwasekwa ngokwendalo, kumiselwa uhlalutyo iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye neempawu. Wabahlula abantu izinto ezifanayo, ozikhethayo, indawo ubomi, ngezisebenzelwanoezibuya ngokwasengqondweni njalo njalo. Unxulumano ezinjalo kuthiwa sikweni.

bume nganye inkululo yayo ethile amalungu eqela. Oku kufuneka ingqalelo iinkokeli kunye nabaququzeleli zoluntu ezifana ukuyilwa amaqela amancinane kuchaphazela ukukwazi ukusebenza kunye nomoya jikelele kwi qela. Umzekelo, ukuba imisebenzi zokufunda ngempumelelo kwiqela labantwana kufanele kuqwalaselwe ukuba ukwakhiwa amaqela sesikweni wadala utshintsho ezincinane ngokoqobo yonke imihla, be neendima-nxaxheba ziyahluka. Loo umbutho khona, phantsi kwesikhokelo we abadala. Phakathi abantwana abaneminyaka ezahlukeneyo inkokheli kufuneka kuphumelela abalasela.

Zikomiti professional ukuba umbutho imisebenzi ngempumelelo sesikweni kufuneka kwakhona ibe yinkokeli ngengqiqo. abasebenzi union ongalawulekiyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kumaqela amancinci wambi kakubi kuchaphazela umsebenzi kwinkampani. Iimeko abantu ekwazi ukunganeliseki amaqela zobunkokeli, iimeko zokusebenza kunye nezinye izinto eziya kukhokelela logwayimbo, ukudilizwa omkhulu. Ngoko ke, kwiinkampani ezinkulu, nto leyo anikwe ixesha kunye mali eyabelweyo kwingcingane abasebenzi, asebenze ixesha elizeleyo ngengqondo. Omnye wemisebenzi ingcali kukuchonga imibutho yabasebenzi 'ekuhlaleni kwaye siqinisekise isini sabo, umsebenzi. Kunye nenqubo eyiyo, amaqela ezinjalo ingasetyenziswa ukuphucula intsebenzo kule nkampani.

iqela esemthethweni

Yaba iintlobo osesikweni amaqela amancinci asekuhlaleni. Iimpawu yelo qela kukuba abantu zimanyene hayi kakhulu ngokuthanda kunye ozikhethayo, njengoko kuyimfuneko, lo iwonga kunye neziqinisekiso yobungcali. Formal amaqela amancinane inokuquka, umzekelo, ubunye ibhodi yolawulo nkampani.

Xa ungakwazi abunjwe ngexesha elinye, zikhona kwaye banxibelelane iintlobo ngokusesikweni nangokungekho sesikweni kumaqela amancinci entlanganweni. Abaphathi kunye iisayikholojisti umsebenzi yokuphumeza imisebenzi amaqela hlobo ukuze loluntu, uphuhliso yenkampani.

Imisebenzi yamaqela amancinci

amaqela amancinci wenze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokusekwa kwe-ngamnye kwaye iqela liphela. Zengqondo ezi mpawu zilandelayo ukuba ziyafana, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni iintlobo amaqela encinane ingakhona umbutho othile yabantu:

1. Elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntu. Ukususela mntu mncinane efunda ukusebenzisana nabanye, ozikhethayo ibunjiwe zengqondo, abalinganiswa nendawo eluntwini.
2. umsebenzi ekhululekile ukuba afumane umntu othile neqela elincinane, indawo yakhe kuyo. Ngaloo kwakhiwa ukuzithemba, umgangatho wocikizeko zobuqu iqaphelwa imfuneko yokukhuthaza abantu kunye nokuvunywa.
3. umsebenzi instrumental ivumela ukuba umntu ukwenza i operation ekhethiweyo.
4. Umsebenzi uncedo engqondweni ukuxhasa nxaxheba lokuhlangabezana ebomini kunye nobunzima yobungcali. Kukho izifundo ukuba zibonise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kumaqela amancinane ukuba bafune uncedo kumakholwane, ngaphezu ukuba sihlale kunye nezalamane. Cacisa le simo isenokuba yinto yokuba umntu lowo akakunqweneli ukulimaza yaye kwixesha lolayisho iingxaki zabo nabantu ababathandayo. Nangona amalungu eqela encinci ukuphulaphula, ukunika iingcebiso, kodwa musa entliziyweni ulwazi, eshiya ukusiwa isithuba ngayo ngamnye.

Iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi amaqela amancinane zixhomekeke ukhetho iinjongo kunye neenjongo, Ingqwalasela umsebenzi loluntu yonxulumano ezinjalo.

Ucalulo kumaqela amancinci

iqela elincinane zahlelwa ngokoko criteria? Iintlobo amaqela amancinane, uphawu umsebenzi yabo iya kumiselwa uhlalutyo kwezalathisi ezithile.

ukwahlukana echanekileyo kwezi yunithi zentlalo azikho. Iingcali zengqondo liphuhlise icebise malunga ukuhlelwa maqela. Ezantsi Utyhila iintlobo yamaqela itafile amancinane.

isakhiwo

Iintlobo kunye nesakhiwo kumaqela amancinci zihlobene zihlobene. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo imibutho ezincinane kwakhiwa, amiliswe ngaphakathi ubume ekuhlaleni. Kukuthetha lwangaphakathi, amaqhina kwezentlalo, ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasengqondweni phakathi kwabantu inxaxheba. Cazulula fom isakhiwo ilandelayo:

1. uhlobo Sociometric isekelwe phezu esizithandayo zokunxibelelana nabantu kunye nangazithandiyo.
2. Ngokunxibelelana uzimisele ukuhamba ulwazi lohlobo ngaphakathi kwiqela, indlela yonxibelelwano phakathi nxaxheba.
3. isakhiwo indima ukusasazwa ezikuyo kunye nemisebenzi phakathi amalungu elo qela lincinane. Ngoko ke, eli qela yahlulahlulwe abo benza izigqibo kunye nabo benza kunye nezenzo inkxaso.

Ubudlelwane-nxaxheba kumaqela amancinci

Ingxaki ubudlelwane phakathi iqela elincinane labantu anikelwe kakhulu ngokwasengqondweni nezentlalo imisebenzi, izifundo, imifuniselo. Generalizing ulwazi, singakwazi ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zilandelayo ubudlelane kwiqela elincinane: olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni. Kwimeko yokuqala, intsebenziswano kulawulwa ngokucacileyo ngezenzo zomthetho, akukho kunabanye naphantsi.

Kwimeko yesibini nto inzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Apha, enkosi neempawu, kukho umntu othile abe yinkokeli ongamiselwanga qela. nobuhlobo abanjalo kulawulwa nantoni na ngaphandle novelwano amanye amalungu elo qela lincinane. Esi sikhundla ivame kakhulu engenakuzimaseka: kusenokubakho iinkokeli eziliqela, ukungabi kukhuphiswano enjalo phakathi kwamaqela, wabeka phambili yi ukuthingaza ukuthatha indima ezinye iingxaki zonxibelelwano kunye nokusasazwa neendima zentlalo.

Musa uwajongele phantsi indima yonxulumano sesikweni. Izivumelwano ezinjalo Amaxesha amaninzi kukhokelela utshintsho iinkokeli izangqa olusesikweni.

Yintoni imeko yomntu ngamnye kwiqela elincinane?

Umntu ngamnye eluntwini, kwaye iqela elithile, kukho imeko ethile. Ukuze ungawuchaza, kuyimfuneko ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo: ngubani na lo mntu? Ekuzalweni, ukuba linokukwenziwa, umzekelo, ubuhlanga kunye nesini. Iwonga bunokufunyanwa okanye iphumelele, umzekelo, ugqirha okanye sobulumko.

Ukumisela ubume ngamnye kwiqela Ungasebenzisa iindlela sociometric. Kumaziko emfundo, imibutho yabasebenzi 'ngokufuthi baqhube uphando apho imibuzo ebuzwa malunga nobudlelwane zabantu amanye amalungu eqela ukuya kwenye. Wenziwe ingakumbi ngokohlobo amakhadi, emibuzo, okanye ezaliswe matrix, apho osakhasayo ebonisa inqanaba uvelwano komnye umntu. Umzekelo, wacela ukuba igama ofunda uyavuya igunya mkhulu eklasini. Ngokwesiseko iimpendulo ezinikiweyo kunye ngoncedo izitshixo nesilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuchaza iinkokeli sesikweni, amagcisa kunye nezinye be-nxaxheba.

Ukukhethwa iindlela kunye neendlela izifundo ngokwasengqondweni iindima zentlalo kwiqela leengcali kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuthembeka kweziphumo ukuthathela ingqalelo into iintlobo amaqela amancinci ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwisaveyi.

Ingcamango a yobunkokheli iqela elincinane

ingxaki ubunkokheli Active umshado iisayikholojisti kunye izazinzulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kutheni abanye abantu bakhululekile ukukhokela abanye? Ziziphi iimpawu kufuneka futhi nokuba yintoni na ekufuneka uyenze? Ngelishwa, ngoko akukho mntu uzinikele ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimpendulo ezichanekileyo zale mibuzo. Omnye umntu abe yinkokeli kwiimeko ezithile kwaye neqela elithile labantu, ngexa elinye iqela siphulukene ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uya kwenza indima zokuqhubela. Ngokomzekelo, inkokeli yeqela kwezemidlalo njalo ukuveza ngokwaneleyo kwabona iqela abaziingqondi. Ngoko ke, inkokeli - kunoko, umntu ngokuchanekileyo azilinganise amathuba, ichazwe iinjongo kunye neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko ezithile.

Kukho imisebenzi nasengqondweni, nto leyo wahlola eyimfuneko inkokeli iimpawu zobuqu. Eyona ndlela kakhulu ethandwayo i "Big Five" R. Hogan, nto leyo ebonisa iimpawu 5 ibalulekileyo umntu kokuba ibango yobunkokeli kwiqela.

Yintoni indima phambili iqela elincinane labantu? Kulula ukugqiba ukuba inkokeli - umntu phantsi kweemeko ezintle ukhokela iqela ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo, kwaye ke ezimbi nje kuphela abakwazi ukufikelela oyifunayo kwiqela iziphumo, kodwa kuyitshabalalisa nalo kwangolo hlobo.

kumaqela amancinane Control

Ukuze lokuhlela, iinjongo kunye neenjongo, uphuculo, uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa iziphumo iqela elincinane ukulawula. njani oku? Enoba ziziphi iintlobo amaqela amancinane babunjwe Social Psychology ukwahlula izimbo ezininzi kobunkokeli:

1. Indlela ngegqudu kubonakaliswa yinkokeli ukongama phezu namanye amalungu eqela abo kuphela amagcisa.
2. style ekhululekile kubandakanya imisebenzi adibeneyo nganye ilungu band.
3. style Democratic kukuba inkokeli uthumela nxaxheba kwi izenzo ezithile, ukuququzelela nokuxoxa inkqubo kunye nxaxheba ngamnye.

Ukushwankathela, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba iindidi zamaqela amancinci bengqondo - ingqiqo engachananga, ukutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zangaphandle kunye nemiqathango. Kodwa ke intloko iqela naluphi na uhlobo kufuneka ingqalelo kuphuhliso zombini Unxulumano zangaphakathi olusesikweni nolungekho sikweni. Ekubeni qela kunye nenqubo eyiyo ekujoliswe njani ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso iqela lonke, zikhokelela ekuphucukeni ukusebenza kunye nokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kwe iingxaki.