Inethiwekhi 5G: Ushwankathelo, inkcazo nesantya. kwisizukulwana esilandelayo network 5G

5G, le elandelayo-isizukulwana umgangatho wonxibelelwano, iya kuxhasa Internet Izinto, iimoto smart kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Umgangatho entsha mobile kuya kubakho ngaphambi kwe-2020, kodwa iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo siphuhliswa ujingi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba 5G esezantsi iya kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka 4G. Sithetha ukunyusa isantya kunaniselwano iinkcukacha Kwiiselula nezidanga, kunye ingxokolo nezinye izisombululo, nganye ineemfuno zayo.

Predictions evela Ericsson

Njengoko technology 5G uya kusebenza yaye kutheni afuneka khona, ukuba super-fast intanethi ehambayo, khona ngoku?

Ngokutsho Ericsson inkampani, ikamva likhangeleka ngathi.

Okuzihambela inxibelelene iimoto lomnatha ukunxibelelana nabanye. Kwimeko kwingozi yemoto, ngubani na usondeleyo kulo ndawo, oko kuya ingxelo bonke oomatshini, ekhwele emva kwakhe. Oku kuza kubavumela ukuba phambili yamendu esicuthiweyo okanye, kwimeko kwemikrozo yeemoto, ukubala indlela entsha.

abenzi isithuthi uya ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi ukukala iimeko zemozulu kwaye uthumele iinkcukacha ngapha komsebenzi womnatha 5G ukwenzela ukuba ukucwangcisa indlela imoto traffic engcono.

Kule ndawo kwezithuthi zikawonke-network 5G uya kuvumela umkhondo-time ngokwenene inani lokulinda abakhweli kwiindawo zokumisa iibhasi. Umqhubi webhasi iya kuphoswa ume ngaphandle abakhweli, kwaye dispatcher kuwusingisa izithuthi ezongezelelweyo kwiindawo zazo wayenemfuyo.

Xa xesha zonke elektroniki ikhaya 5G iya kuqhagamshelwa. Ukuba ngaphambili inguqu ukusuka kwelinye igumbi ukusiwa kwelinye kwafuneka ukuba adluliselwe portable device ukuqhubeka, umzekelo, mamela kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo owuthandayo, ngoku ke izithethi kumagumbi ahlukeneyo kuya kuqhagamshelwana nabanye nokumamela kuqhubeka nendawo kuphazamiseka. Ukongeza, kuya kuba lula ukuba esweni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla yesixhobo ngasinye, okanye ukufumana indlela umbane kakhulu lukhutshwe solar panel.

inethiwekhi 5G Izakutshintsha iinkonzo likaxakeka, ngokubonelela yonxibelelwano ethembekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka kunye necandelo okukhethwayo imiyalezo kwamapolisa ngexesha likaxakeka. A iminqwazi umlilo kunye iikhamera ziya kuzisasaza ngqo ezi umyalelo umfanekiso uze ufumane uncedo kwimisebenzi zokuhlangula nzima.

5G-technology

Kwixesha elidlulileyo kube yinto enokwenzeka ukuba uzihlele kakhulu, kodwa ke ukukhethwa nobuchwepheshe izicelo zazo zepraktikhali kuyaqhubeka.

Phakathi kwabo:

• ultra-high kwamaza, impumelelo kuyo ngaphambili kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka, ukunika isantya lukhulu kakhulu;
• ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo, idatha kunye namalungu amancinane, kuyolula umsebenzi Internet kwezixhobo izinto iminyaka emininzi;
• ekunciphiseni kokukhala kwezicelo ezifuna impendulo ekhawulezileyo.

5G-network: speed

5G Uvandlakanyo songeniselo kumlinganiselo xa kuthelekiswa ne engacacanga yangaphambili. wakwazi Ericsson ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhula amaxesha 50 - ukuya ku-5 Gbit / s. Samsung washiya kwinani 7.5 Gbit / s isiboniso esitalini 1,2 Gbit / s kwisithuthi ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Partnership "EU - China" 5G uza ukwandisa izinga izihlandlo 100. NTT DoCoMo, umqhubi yaseJapan mobile, libambisene ne-Alcatel-Lucent, iinkampani Ericsson, Samsung kunye Nokia uzama ukufikelela 10 Gbit / s. Kodwa izazinzulu evela University of Surrey lubonisa ngesantya 1 Tbit / s. Kulindeleke ukuba babe baninzi uya kukhula ngokuphindwe kaliwaka isantya lweselula kwiminyaka eli10 ezayo.

Izinga lokukhula iya kufuna eriyali eziphuculweyo kunye nezixhobo, kwakunye ezitsho ukwanda omoya. Kwi-US, inkqubo lonikezelo yobutyebi sele iqalile.

Internet izinto

Ngenxa yokuhla kwamaxabiso kokuxhuma izixhobo ngakumbi ukufikelela Wi-Fi. Ingcamango yokuxuba yefowuni, ikofu kunye oomatshini bokuhlamba, headphones, izibane nayo yonke enye into ibe womnatha eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba Internet Izinto. Ngo-2020, kulindeleke ukuba ihlabathi liza kuba ngaphezu kwe-26 ezigidi ezi zixhobo. A Inani kokufakelwa iya kuba ezinkulu.

Ukukwazi sezinto "va" ngoncedo boluvo kwaye ukude SSH yemiyalelo ziya kufumana isicelo kucwangciso ezidolophini, ubuchwepheshe kweenkqubo "smart" ekhaya, ubushushu kunye nolawulo umbane, ukhuseleko, iliso kwezempilo, izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, elithengisa.

Internet of Izinto ufuna isantya uqhagamshelo encinane, kodwa ukuba kukho inani elikhulu siyawazi. Sele kukho uthungelwano abazinikeleyo usebenzisa emxinwa uluhlu kwamaza, kunye nababhekisi phambili 5G standard bafuna ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule nkqubo.

Ngenxa yoko, uthungelwano ngocingo kuya kufuneka ukuxhasa abasebenzisi mobile nje kuphela, kodwa izinto "smart". Management kunjalo kwezithuthi owahlukeneyo kujongwe ukuba kuza kubanceda umgangatho omtsha.

ukulibaziseka

Ngokucacileyo, inethiwekhi elilandelayo isizukulwana iya kuxhasa iteknoloji 5G izithuthi okuzihambela izicelo ze ngokoqobo. Kulo mzekelo, ingcaciso ekuyo kumele ibe kufumaneka ngexesha lenene. ixesha wokudlulisela networks 4G, ngaphezulu kwama-10 ms, nto leyo kakhulu kunene. Umgangatho elizayo ungatshintsha ngokupheleleyo izakhiwo womnatha ngokuya indawo yokugcina data ukusuka kumaziko data ukuphelisa iindawo, kuquka izixhobo "smart".

Ihamba imoto, umzekelo, ufuna iinkcukacha kwi indawo yokuthwala ekufutshane. kumaqonga onxibelelwano nokuqukuqela data iimoto amathathu sele abakwazi ukumelana. Yokubambezeleka okukhulu ukudluliselwa kwedata kufuna ulwabiwo idatha yendawo.

Kuthathwa ukuba ukuphendula isizukulwana esizayo kothungelwano ziya nkulu. Ulibaziseko ukudluliselwa data ayisayi kudlula 1 ms, naxa yesiphelo Velocity ka-500 km / h. Le kokukhala kuyinto enkulu ukuqhuba into ekudalweni zobuchwepheshe obutsha, ezifana nolawulo lwezithuthi isixeko imoto kunye notyando mgama.

ukufikelela kwimvumelwano

Ukuba imeko kwenkcazo uluhlu ubugcisa ezinokwenzeka ziye zaphucuka, ubuchwepheshe ngokwayo nangoku uyaphuhliswa ngo-2015. Kulindeleke ukuba ukujonga noko technologies 5G ayimfuneko kwindawo yokuqala, neziya kwenziwa kamva. Akuthandeki ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka ngo-2016.

Nangona yokungabikho kwemigangatho kunye nokuzithemba kubuchwepheshe ephambili, iinkampani yokuvelisa bazama ukukhokela uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe technologies 5G ukuba athathe isikhundla kakuhle kwixesha elizayo.

Nokia Inkampani e-Epreli 2015 yabhengeza nokufunyanwa Alcatel-Lucent for 16.6 billion US dollar, kwaye inkampani zonxibelelwano US wenguqulo Wireless wabhengeza ukuba inethiwekhi United States kuqala-5G ziya kufumaneka ngo-2016.

iimpawu zokuqala

kakade Kukho AMAGQABAZA ▸ 5G-network. Okokuqala 5G-network ngokusesikweni eMzantsi Korea. Le nkampani SK Telecom laqalisa iteknoloji entsha xa ukuvulwa kweziko uphando, nto leyo eza inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwayo. Yaye XXIII Olimpiki Winter Games ngo-2018 eMzantsi Korea, inkampani iceba ukwakha uthungelwano 5G kulo lonke elo lizwe.

NTT DoCoMo kwakhona izicwangciso uqalise 5G-network eJapan kuba zowe Olimpiki ngo-2020 eTokyo.

5G network nxamnye US

5G standard njengoko imigangatho elidlulileyo, ophuhlisa 3GPP nequmrhu yaye yavunywa yi-ITU, yena, i-International Telecommunication Union. Abafuni ukuma bucala kunye nabenzi. Ngo-Oktobha 2015, amaqela ezithile zengingqi ziye vulavurisana qho kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuze sisebenze ngaphandle isikhundla eqhelekileyo kwimilinganiselo 5G.

Olo kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano kwi ngoSeptemba 2015 phakathi EU kunye neTshayina. Ericsson kunye TeliaSonera bavumelana intsebenziswano enobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi mqhubi mobile e Tallinn kunye Stockholm, ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi 5G ngo-2018

Beliqela kancinane ekhohlo alinde xa bekusungulwa 5G-network eRashiya. MTS kwaye Ericsson asayina isivumelwano ukusebenza kunye iteknoloji yesihlanu-isizukulwana, nto leyo eya kukhokelela lokuqala uvavanyo 5G-network eRashiya kwiNdebe yeHlabathi ngo-2018, kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi 5G-network eJapan. Ngenxa yoku, ngowe-2016, kuya kuqaliswa iprojekthi lte-U ukusetyenziswa lte-5 GHz, kusetyenziswa ukudibanisa indawo yofikelelo Wi-Fi. Kwakhona, uya kulingwe ubugcisa Ericsson Carrier engenawo, leyo acwangcise ukusasazwa kwezithuthi kunye nokunciphisa uphazamiseko inter-iseli, ukwanda transfer isantya kuchaphazeleke, inceda isicwangciso soqhagamshelwano.

Njengoko ubona, amazwe uyavuma ukuba basebenzisane kule nkalo. Yonke, ngaphandle eUnited States baqhele ukuba babe indawo ephambili kuzo zonke.

4,5G ilungiselela elizayo

Qualcomm sicebisa 4,5G lte Advanced Pro ubugcisa, ukuqaliswa ehlelelwe kule minyaka mine izayo. Ngenxa yale nkampani iya kuba nako ukuxhasa ngokubanzi yamaza ezifunekayo ukuze 5G standard kunye nothungelwano lte efakwe ngaphambili, nto leyo eya kunciphisa kokulinganisa kwandisa abagqibayo.

Iimpawu of the network:

• High okugqiba ngokuhlanganisa spectra frequency;
• inkxaso abashishini-32 ngexesha elinye kunye nokwanda okugqiba ngokuhlanganisa rhoqo kunye nokusasazwa kwenethiwekhi phakathi baqhubi;
• Ukuncitshiswa oluphindwe-10 xa ukulibaziseka kuthelekiswa lte Advanced usebenzisa ezinde ezitsho 1 ms ukuya 70 ms ezikhoyo;
• ukusetyenziswa kunxibelewano resource umgca engenayo iimfuno ephumayo;
• nokwandisa inani eriyali xa kwizikhululo isiseko ukunyusa umthamo nobandakanywe umqondiso;
• IoT-ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo yokonga amandla ukuvala uluhlu ukuya ku 1.4 MHz 180 kHz (ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 kwi ibhetri eyodwa);
• 1 Gbit / s ngotshintshiselwano ngolwazi phakathi izithuthi, abahambi ngeenyawo kunye IoT-izixhobo;
• ukukrwaqula okusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa Wi-Fi okanye GPS kwisixhobo mobile.

izithintelo zobugcisa

Xa Fraunhofer Institute for yoQhagamshelwano e Berlin kwenziwa amalinge kunye ezitsho ka 40-100 GHz, i Samsung usebenzisa ukuhlola zakhe nezihlandlo GHz-28, yaye Nokia - ngaphezu kwe-70 GHz.

izixhobo umsebenzi waveband millimitha inomsebenzisi efana ukwabiwa kakuhle kakhulu lo umqondiso, amandla leyo ibabambezelayo lehla nge ukwandisa umgama ukusuka kwisiseko sesikhululo. Ukongeza, ukuphazamiseka uphawu ezinokubangelwa nkqu emzimbeni womntu.

Solution - MIMO

Sesivuno na isicelo ubugcisa MIMO (Multiple Ungeniso Multiple Output), xa Thumela kwaye ufumane imiyalezo eziliqela ngaxeshanye. Ngoku isetyenziswa lte kunye WLAN. Ngokuba amaza aphezulu asetyenziswa Kuku MIMO - technology noun reception xa ifowuni ephathwayo ligcinwe amaninzi eriyali amancinci namakhulu - kwi sixhobo.

Nomakhi SkyCross eriyali wadala inkqubo 4x4 MIMO, ungasebenzisa ubungakanani 16x10 cm kwi-terminal. Oku iphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu koko kwezi-eriyali ngenxa lte. Umzekelo, imilinganiselo LG G4 - 15x7,6 cm, Samsung Galaxy S6 - 14x7 cm, kwaye Apple iPhone 6 Plus - 16h7,8 ukubona inkqubo 4x4 MIMO asinto intsha -. Ngaphandle lte-Advanced ezinjengeetheminali, kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zikamabonwakude satellite, imiqathango engqongqo ngokobungakanani namandla tu iya kuhlawuliswa. Ngenxa yoko, ukudalwa sisixhobo esincinane selfoni eriyali ezine uya kuwucikida nabayili.

Uphuhliso ezinjengeetheminali eziphathwayo kuya kufuna iinzame ngakumbi. Ngokutsho ummeli wenkampani Texas Instrument, ukuba ukudala chip ekwaziyo yokudlulisela data kwi ezitsho aphezulu ifuna ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obutsha.

Ngowe-2015, le projekthi ukudala 5G-esezantsi ogama ngokusesikweni IMT-2020. Kuyinto Kulusizi ukuba lokuphumla abangakubonanga ekupheleni kwenkqubo.