Indlela yokwenza emacala iphepha. Ezimacala Paper - scheme

yezandla Paper - yinto ezahlukeneyo amakhadi kunye izicelo ezenziwe ngohlobo imveliso tyaba kuphela. Amanani yokuqala kakhulu wafumana imodeli-ntathu (ifoto 1). Umzekelo, ukuba zakhiwe ngayo emacala yephepha. Khawuqwalasele ezinye iindlela zayo, esebenzisa imizobo nemifanekiso.

iimilo History

kwinzululwazi yakudala lwezibalo imiliselwe ngaphambili kude, ngamaxesha nokuchuma eRoma yamandulo eGrisi. Ngoko kwagqitywa ukuba unxulumanise kwiinkalo zobugcisa bulumko. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho iimfundiso zikaPlato (enye yawona yamandulo), ngamnye ezimacala equka eziliqela moya ezifanayo imele into enye. Iimilo zoonxantathu - octahedron kunye tetrahedron icosahedron - ezinxulumene umoya, amanzi kunye nomlilo, ngokulandelelana, kwaye zitshintshwe zibe enye kwenye ngenxa ukufana ubuso, nganye eneyazo bumile ezintathu. Umhlaba Limele hexahedron of izikwere. A dodecahedron, ngenxa ukuya ebusweni ekhethekileyo pentagonal, wenza indima zokuhombisa, kwaye kwase of imvisiswano noxolo.

Kwakhona siyazi ukuba omnye sezibalo yamaGrike Euclid ndizilingile ekufundiseni kwakhe, "Isiqalo" ngokuphuma wabhekisela eziqinileyo zikaPlato nempahla yabo "fit" kungena kwisigaba (photo 2). Oku kuboniswa ukusuka Ipolihedron iphepha ngokusonga a serried phakathi mabini oonxantathu alinganayo. Scheme usabonisa umzekelo amanani lemveliso. Makhe siqwalasele onke amanqanaba umsebenzi ukudala icosahedron.

senza icosahedron

Le icosahedron yenziwe zoonxantathu isosceles alinganayo-ubungakanani. It kalula isongwe ngokusebenzisa ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 2 nditshayele. Thatha iphepha uxande ephepheni. Zoba kuwo amabini twatse ngobukhulu kunye nokumila zoonxantathu, nto leyo mazidweliswe ngemiqolo emine. Kulo mzekelo, icala ngalinye omnye uya ngaxeshanye kuba yinxalenye omnye. Indlela ngenxa osetyenziswa okwenza preform. Kuya kuba ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwisiseko-engacimekiyo izibonelelo ubukho lib kuzo zonke zemithi. Sika iphepha elingenanto, ulisonge ecaleni kwemigca. Ndiyila emacala ezenziwe ngephepha, elifutshane wesekethe imiqolo kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Kule meko eziphezulu zoonxantathu ukudibanisa ukuya kwindawo enye.

ezimacala rhoqo

Onke manani zahlukile kwezinye inani ngalinye ezahlukeneyo facets kunye nefomu yabo. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iimodeli nga isongwe ukusuka kuxwebhu olunye (njengoko kuchaziwe kwi Example yokwenziwa icosahedron) kwabanye - kuphela ukuqokelelwa iimodyuli eziliqela. Izincomo ezimacala classical rhoqo. Ukusuka ekwenzeni zabo zephepha, kokulandela imithetho eziphambili wolingano-macala - ubukho template ngokupheleleyo ubuso ezifanayo. Kukho ezintlanu iintlobo eziphambili amanani. Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika iinkcukacha malunga namagama awo, amanani kunye neemilo zobuso:

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo

Ngokwesiseko iintlobo ezintlanu ezidweliswe, esebenzisa ubuchule kunye engqondo, iingcibi lula ukuyila imifuziselo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwephepha. Le Ipolihedron inokuba nomahluko kakhulu ukusuka iziqwenga ezintlanu ezichazwe apha ngentla, luyasekwa ngaxeshanye usebenzisa ubuso ezahlukeneyo, ezifana izikwere kunye noonxantathu. ukubagcina umzimba ukuzithengela. Ukuba enye okanye ngaphezulu ubuso ukuphoswa, ufumana i imilo avulekileyo zingajongwa ngabo bobabini ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Kuba nokuveliswa imifuziselo eqinileyo usebenzisa iipatheni ezizodwa oqingqiweyo ukusuka kwintsunguzi kakuhle ukugcina ukumila, iphepha. Yenza ezimacala olukhethekile lwephepha. Schemes ezinjalo iimveliso ziquka ubukho iimodyuli eveleleyo ezongezelelweyo. Makhe siqwalasele iindlela ukwakha umzobo omhle kakhulu umzekelo dodecahedron (ifoto 3).

Indlela yokwenza Ipolihedron iphepha encopho ezilishumi elinambini: indlela yokuqala

Eli nani kuthiwa dodecahedron stellated. Ngalinye eziphezulu ayo nomzantsi walo pentagon rhoqo. Ngoko ke, yenza iindlela ezimbini ezimacala maninzi ezifana lwephepha. lokuvelisa leesekethe ziya zinokwahluka kancinane omnye komnye. Kwimeko yokuqala undinike isiqwenga esinye (ifoto-4), ngenxa yokukhwabusha ejika imveliso ogqityiweyo. Ngaphandle ubuso eziphambili zikhona kulo mzobo inxalenye kokuxhuma lib, apho nani zidibana zibe yinto enye. Kuba eyimveliso emacala indlela yesibini ukwenza iipateni ezahlukeneyo ezininzi. Qwalasela inkqubo isebenza ngokubanzi.

Indlela yokwenza Ipolihedron ezenziwe ngephepha: indlela yesibini

Azenzi template ezimbini eziphambili (photo 5):

- First. Zoba isangqa kwimakhishithi ulwahlule liphela iinxalenye ezimbini. Omnye uya kuba sisiseko ngokomfuziselo, i arc yesibini nangoko ukucima kuncedo. Yahlula piece libe ngamalungu amahlanu alinganayo kwaye ukunciphisa embindini zomnqamlezo onke amacandelo. Ezi ziphumo semali kunye oonxantathu ezintlanu isosceles twatse. Sondelani omelene abangakwaziyo phakathi kwisangqa ngqo efanayo, kodwa umfanekiso esipilini. Inxalenye okubangelwa xa kuncitshiswe Kubonakala ngathi cone ezimbini. Ukwenziwa kweepateni ezifanayo yonke ezintandathu kubo. Kuba kuncanyatheliswe usebenzisa inxalenye yesibini, nto leyo eya kubekwa ngaphakathi.

- Second. Le ndlela - inkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa ezintlanu. Landela laziinyama ezilishumi elinambini efanayo. Ndiyila emacala, ngamnye iinkwenkwezi kunye bent wobomi kosuku ibekwe ngaphakathi iindawo etsobhileyo kwaye ngqo ubuso.

figure kulawula ezifunyenwe ngokudibanisa ezongezelelweyo ziqwempu block kabini lwephepha, wabathatha ngaphakathi. Aphila iimveliso kuyingxaki ngokwaneleyo ukuze babe ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. imodeli Mystery of ezimacala zamaphepha akukho lula ukwandisa. Akwanelanga nje ukuba sizamkele yonke imida zangaphandle. Kufuneka ukuba uzakukalishwa ngokwahlukeneyo zinganye iivili kubuso ngobuso. Kuphela ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ikopi eyandisiweyo imodeli yokuqala. Ukusebenzisa indlela yesibini mveliso emacala, oko kwenza kube lula kakhulu, njengoko uya kuba ngokwaneleyo ukwandisa workpiece sokuqala, ethe wenza inani elifunekayo ungamalungu.