Indlela izithombe abantwana (iinkalo zezobugcisa)

Abazali abaninzi, zokulindela usana, wagidima waya evenkileni uze uthenge iikhamera SLR professional kuyabiza ungaphoswa umzuzu olunye ubomi bomntwana bakhe abathandekayo Sayithimba yonke impumelelo yakhe kunye nezenzo ezilindelekileyo.

Ngaphandle kokuya kungena nkcukacha sobuciko iindlela ukudubula, ngaphandle kokwazi imigaqo nemithetho umsebenzi kwezixhobo yokuthathwa, abazali abonwabileyo ndayibeka nje "auto" imo kwaye uqale nokudubula, ngethemba lokufumana eliqaqambileyo, imifanekiso eliphambili, "njengoko kuloo magazini ... ', ungabi bekholelwa ukuba koomatshini abakrelekrele zonke uya kwenza kubo.

Noko ke, emva kokuba lokuqala trial photo iHlumelo ngumama okhulelweyo ekhaya, musa ukufumana isiphumo olifunayo (imibala buthuntu, ifoto ukufiphala, le flash umlilo zikhanyiswe ubuso babo, ndenze ubumnyama background), amateurs waphoxeka. Ke ekugqibeleni, bawuphanga isimo, izixhobo yokuthathwa eninzi etheza uthuli phezu kwithala njengoko okungeyomfuneko, kwaye endaweni yayo kwafika "mylnitsa" omdala shabby, nto leyo kulula kakhulu ukuba ukususa. Kwaye imifanekiso yabantwana meko kancinci nzima ngakumbi.

Kodwa akukho nto ayinakwenzeka kungenzeki; ilungelo? Makhe ukujamelana manqanaba.

In nqaku namhlanje ndiya kuthetha kwicala zobugcisa kufota.

Nawuphi photographer ekuqaleni, kuqala kwiinto zonke, uze usilwe iikhonsepthi ezine ezisisiseko: umngxuma, isantya shutter, sesichengeni / ekspopara kunye ISO (Uvakalelo urekhodisho element, kulo mzekelo, umenzi woluvo image) kunye nolwalamano lwabo omnye komnye ngexesha lokudubula.

Oku sele ebhaliweyo okuninzi amanqaku kunye namaphepha kuzo zonke iintlobo, ngoko iinkcukacha ezininzi ingafumaneka kwi web lonke ngaphandle kobunzima. Ndiza kuzama kangangoko kunokwenzeka ezilula, elifutshane, yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iyafumaneka ukuze uthethe la magama.

Ingcamango emngxunyeni ibhekisele ukuya kwekhamera. Imbobo - umngxuma kwi lens camera, ngalo ukukhanya engena urekhodisho matrix. ixabiso beso luchazwa ngu «f» ikhamera kwidispleyi, kwaye kungathatha amaxabiso 1.2 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32, kuxhomekeka kwiinkcukacha lens yakho. . Ngamanye amazwi - ixabiso le mingxuma kwi lens. I ezincinane emngxunyeni, yazala ezinkulu ilens, nokukhanya ngaphezulu okungena isizalo.

Ngcali. Endleleni kokudlulisela ukukhanya isekelwe kwi isizalo, kukho-ebizwa ngokuba "imfama", kufana uvalo, ukuba imali ehlawulwa lokukhanya, kodwa hayi umngxuma ubukhulu kunye sesichengeni ixesha element photosensitive. Ukuba nemivalo azifani - ngoomatshini kunye elektroniki. Emva ngokucindezela shutter iqhosha umfoti camera, shutter ivula udlula ukukhanya kwi svetochustvitelnuyu matrix. Kodwa yenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Exposure ulinganiswa amaqhezu lemizuzwana (1/250, 1/500 - ngezantya shutter kunye 1, imizuzwana-2 okanye ngaphezulu -. Exposure elide, njalo njalo).

Ukuboniswa - xa sithatha alula kunye, ngokubanzi, kuba sisixa bokukhanya efunekayo emazishicilelwe imifanekiso kwi element svetochustvitelnom kunye uvakalelo elinikiweyo, ukuzala umlinganiselo ukukhanya, ngokufanayo ukuba kwesi sifundo. Kuba imali efunekayo bokukhanya elivumelana njalo kuxokwa- ekspopara - imbobo / isantya shutter. (Ukuba sesichengeni elifutshane - ixabiso beso siyandiswa, kwaye vice versa, ukuba sesichengeni elide - ixabiso beso liyancipha)

Lekhamera mihla calculation ekspopary ezenzekelayo. In professional kusenokuba manual ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga ezenzekelayo.

ISO

ISO - umlinganiselo anenani elifunekayo ukukhanya ukuveza kakuhle ifoto. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiboniso kuboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ISO 50, ISO 100, ISO 200.

Xa uvakalelo oluphezulu (values ezinkulu ISO) kokukhanya kufuneka maxa wambi ngaphantsi kwe kwi ephantsi (ngaphantsi ISO ukukhanya amaxesha 200 imfuneko-2 ngaphantsi kwe ISO 100, kunye namaxesha-4 ngaphantsi ne-ISO 50) Noko ke, kukho zisasuka lwemali, ayanda ISO, livela babizwa ngokuba le buqapheleke umfanekiso Ingxolo Ukukhanya: ukusasazeka amancinci amanqaku vydnaya ukusondezwa ifoto awe iinkcukacha. Ngoko ke kungcono ukuba bakhethe ISO lisezantsi, kwaye hayi ukuyandisa ngokungeyomfuneko.

Kulungile, ngoku lwalamano ibalulekileyo kwezi iparameters ezintathu. Kuba wendlala iingcaciso uchaze imizekelo elula, ngaphandle kokuya kwi iinkcukacha zobugcisa.

Masithi ufuna ukuthatha umfanekiso umdlalo komntwana, ohleli kwigumbi nge emini. Yini yomtshato kunye nosapho photographer professional.

Ukuthabatha umfanekiso umntwana rhoqo vdigayuschegosya makskimalno ngokucacileyo ufuna ngcali elifutshane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le umfoti wayeza Preveli camera kwimo ephambili shutter (idla zibonakaliswe nguMaSukude uphawu). Kule mo, ngesantya shutter inyenyisa ngokuzenzekelayo ixabiso beso oye ekhethiweyo.

angenza viderzhku elifutshane, ubuncinane 1/125 okanye 1/250. Kulo mzekelo, ukhathalelo kufuneka kuthathwe itshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ixabiso beso, ngokuxhomekeke (jonga ngentla. - Ekspopara) kwi-exposure ekhethiweyo. Ukuba ixabiso beso iphezulu kakhulu, lo mfanekiso uya kuba mnyama. Ukuze uphephe oku, ungenza ukwandisa ixabiso ISO ukuya ezifunekayo. Kodwa kufuneka silumke kuwabhuqa ingxolo image ukukhanya.

Kodwa masithi, ukuba ixabiso isantya shutter ka 1/250 ixabiso beso iphezulu kakhulu, ukuba umfanekiso mnyama, kunye nexabiso ISO uvuka kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa kufuneka enze ifoto eliqaqambileyo. Emva koko, ukunyusa isantya shutter ukuya 1/125 - nto leyo enciphisa ixabiso beso kwaye ixabiso le ISO picture kuba licace. Ngenxa yoko, sifumana ifoto ecacileyo umdlalo komntwana, kakhulu eqaqambileyo kunye kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo ingxolo kunye.

Kulungile, ngoku ukuba nokwenziwa ingcaciso Practice emntwaneni wakho. Inqaku elilandelayo ziya kuqwalaselwa indlela ephambili beso kunye lenses photosensitive.

Musa ukulibala ukuba senze, baqhube kwaye nokuzilolonga, iya kukuvumela ukuba ufunde kwaye usebenze ngempumelelo kunye nekhamera ikwimo shutter kuqala.