Indawo zanamhlanje kwinkqubo yehlabathi organic

Iinzululwazi zizibiza kwamathambo ukususela intshayelelo yayo ngeendlela yokuqala eMpuma Afrika engabantu izinyanya (malunga 1.7 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo) ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ngokunjalo uzama ukufumanisa indawo lomntu kwinkqubo yehlabathi ephilayo. Isiphumo solu phando yaba kukudala iqela lonke lwamacandelo zenzululwazi: Ukufundwa, Social Psychology, socionics, ngubani ndingamhlonele nomntu nje into yehlabathi yezilwanyana, nikhumbula ukuba wahlukile kakhulu ukuba indalo ngokomoya. Kweli nqaku, senza ukuphendula lo mbuzo, yintoni na indawo yomntu kwinkqubo kweziphilayo ihlabathi ngenxa mbini wayo ukudibanisa iimpawu umlinganiswa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye ngokungangqalanga.

Isikhundla taxonomic ka-Homo sapiens

Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala kwiplanethi yethu, kufuneka indawo echazwe kakuhle kwindlela yokuhlela ngayo indalo. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni na indawo yomntu kwinkqubo yehlabathi ephilayo.

Empire - yinto lubalaseleyo ngendlela isigaba. Ibizwa ngokuba ubomi. Emva koko kulandela taxon efana domain (superkingdom). Ubomi ibandakanya ezimbini superkingdom: prokaryotes kunye eukaryotes. Indoda engena domain of eukaryotes (eziphilayo Nuclear). Oku kulandelwa izilwanyana, uhlobo Chordates, Mammals udidi infraclass Placental, obeku-, usapho hominid, le Abantu uhlobo uhlobo Homo sapiens. Bonke abantu abahlala, mazifakwe kwi-units taxonomic ngentla, yakha iseti ebizwa uluntu.

Indlela ukungqina imvelaphi izilwanyana yomntu

Uphando olwenziwe izazinzulu taxonomists baye baqinisekisa ukuba le ndoda kwinkqubo yehlabathi eziphilayo - iklasi of Mammals, nayo leyo ibandakanya ezinjalo izilwanyana zohlaza ezifana iikati, izinja Amalulwane, iimpuku, Artiodactyla, njl Nangona umahluko zangaphandle .. isakhiwo, bonke abameli ezincancisayo placental, equka abantu, kukho iimpawu ezifanayo yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba. Ezi ziquka intliziyo 4-gumbi, ukujikeleziswa ezimbini, ezifudumeleyo-bloodedness. Kumbutho kwesicwangciso imilenze ngaphambili kunye nemazi, kwakunye iibhanti zawo zonke izilwanyana yalo taxon uyafana komzimba womntu. Umzekelo, i-nemilenze kuzo zonke ezanyisayo iquka igxalaba, le ulna kunye radius namathambo carpal, metacarpal kunye phalanges.

Ngokwaneleyo efanayo abantu placental asabela mammalian metabolic. Umzekelo, cleavage of iikhompawundi organic yintshukumo enzyme, izithuthi ioksijini abomvu ligazi, ukuyilwa uric acid njengoko umsebenzi isiphelo imveliso inkqubo excretory. Ingaba iindlela eziqhelekileyo neuro-humoral ummiselo ubomi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umntu kwinkqubo kweziphilayo ihlabathi ngokusondeleyo edibene lomqolo ifakiwe eklasini Mammals.

ubungqina Embryological uhlobo isilwanyana yomntu

iziphumo kuphela kwicandelo nokwakheka amalungu Izifundo zibonisa ukuba sibe imvelaphi eqhelekileyo kunye nehlabathi isilwanyana. ubungqina kakhulu oku kukho izifundo endle embryology, ukufunda uphuhliso osandul ekuyo, ukususela iintlanzi kwiklasi superclass ezincancisayo. mthetho Biogenetic ziqulunqwe Haeckel kunye F. Müller, wajoyina uphuhliso zembali kweentlobo ngamnye kunye ontogeny somntu omnye. Zonke izilwanyana ezinomqolo, kuquka abantu, ziyabanjwa kwi embryogenesis beqanda yeqonga, umaleko olunye umbungu - blastula ndiseyimbumba kunye kabini-maleko equka ectoderm kunye endoderm - gastrula.

Kumanqanaba okuqala zophuhliso ngaphandle kokukhetha iimbumba chordate babe slits kumculo, nomsila kunye nemilo yomzimba efanayo. Oku isebenza njengobungqina bokuba umntu kwinkqubo kweziphilayo ihlabathi kufutshane izilwanyana. Ngaphezu koko, izazinzulu ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba zonke ezinomqolo ilizwe bavela umgca yamanyange eqhelekileyo.

Iziqalo kunye atavism

Ekubeni iinkalo nokwakheka nothelekiso, uchaze indawo ngamnye kwinkqubo somgquba ihlabathi, njengoko isakhiwo umzimba ngamnye amalungu e ezanyisayo ungabona uxhulumaniso ecacileyo. Umzekelo, isihlomelo - a rudiment, engqina ukuba izinyanya eziqhelekileyo kuthi aba iimilo izilwanyana ezitya utyani. Kwaye nangona isabalulekile ukudla umntu uyaqhubeka enza indima ebalulekileyo yokuwa neselulosi kunye nezinye uphuphu-ayabulala nezilwanyana ezitya utyani. Le lwesiko njengoko ijwabu wesithathu, lingasebenzi nawuphi na umsebenzi emzimbeni womntu lwembono, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu eklasini izirhubuluzi eziziivethebreyithi ezifana neenyoka.

Kuyinto sekukubi ebantwini indlebe kwezihlunu, ngoko ke pinna cishe ngakwazi. Kodwa Carnivora odolo, eli qela imisipha yenziwe kakuhle kakhulu, ngokubanika nenkathalelo qhelwaniso nezifundo kokusingqongileyo.

Atavism: imbonakalo umsila, multimammate, ukukhula intabalala iinwele phezu kobuso kunye namanye amalungu omzimba - zibonisa indawo yomntu kwinkqubo ye organic indlela yehlabathi imvelaphi yayo isilwanyana.

iimpawu yokwakheka ezinxulumene bipedalism

nkqo yokuma nto ke iye yakhokelela ukuvela iimpawu ezithile kubume yokwakheka komzimba womntu. Umzekelo, S ezimilise imilo yomqolo, nto leyo eyandisa bhetyebhetye kunye kuvuthelwa yenza kwaye ndinyikimise kukuhamba kunye ukubaleka, imilo otyebileyo we isinqe, leyo likwaneklinkhi enyama yangaphakathi, ingakumbi isakhiwo unyawo - it iseti esibonelela ukunceda kunye nokhuselo ngenxa nemilenze xa ehamba. Zonke ezi mpawu zilunge ngokukodwa abantu kwaye zifumaneka naziphi na iintlobo zezilwanyana. Oku kubonisa indawo ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo mihla organic ihlabathi labantu eyahlula kwezinye amalungu zobukumkani izilwanyana.

imibandela yezentlalo kwembali yabantu

Bipedalism oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso womntu. nemilenze - ngesandla - bakhululwe imisebenzi intshukumo waza kusetyenziswa ukwenza ubuthathaka kunye nezintsonkothileyo kwimisebenzi: iileta, inyathelo yabasebenzi, badlala izixhobo zomculo, njl Ukukwazi ukufumana usebenzise umlilo njengomkhuseli, kunye nokuqulunqwa ukutya thermally ukuqhubekekiswa ngokupheleleyo .. wawahlula amalungu iintlobo Homo sapiens kwezinye izilwanyana, yaye iphawulwe umntu ezizodwa kwinkqubo yehlabathi ephilayo.

Uphuhliso yokucinga kunye nentetho

Ukusetyenziswa izixhobo iisoyi kunye nobomi kuluntu bakudala baye yaphuma kwinto yokuba kusekwe inkqubo kweesiginali ngokomgangatho ezahlukeneyo, eyahluke ukusuka 'ulwimi isilwanyana ". Kama abafowunelwa interneural kwi ekhohlo ikhweyitha kunye ngokungqalileyo lobe (indawo Wernicke kunye Broca) ngokuxhomekeka ukusebenza kwiindawo yokuqonda kunye neyezihlunu izakhono zentetho. Ukukwazi ukusebenza ezintsonkothileyo ngengqondo: kuhlalutywe, kuyondelelaniswe, ukutsalwa - sisiphumo kwemvelo - anthropogenesis. Oku kwakhokelela nokusekwa mihla iintlobo eziphilayo Homo sapiens.

kwemvelo kunye nohlobo exananazileyo womntu

Ukuba yinxalenye uhlobo ngokuxhomekeke nophuhliso yayo kwemvelo of noluntu luphela, kwakunye ngamnye single ngayo kubonisa kwakhe nabanye ezithe zaphuhliswa ngenxa iimpawu zembali, ezenkolo kunye nenkcubeko kubantu ezahlukeneyo. Olu qeqesho lwezenzululwazi sociobiology, nto leyo ngokuyimfuneko yingqokelela yemfuza, isosioloji, ibhayoloji, ngezengqondo, ukuzama ukudibanisa ibe yimiqolo lonke ukhetho zendalo, ukwenza kwindalo, kunye nesenzeko yabantu ezifana yokuzincama kunye nenkcubeko. Bona ezibalaseleyo iimpendulo zokuziphatha kwabantu kubangela umahluko yayo olukhulu ukususela ingqondo kunye nethuku zezilwanyana.

Kwabantu kunye nohlobo zentlalo

Elibanzi zokukala indima icandelo yebhayoloji kwembali yabantu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo nendalo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba zonke izibakala ngasentla kubonisa ukuba Homo sapiens iintlobo lonke anthropogenesis wambumba phantsi komthetho yophuhliso phakathi kwabantu, ngubani wafunda kwabantu, inzululwazi zentlalo, zengqondo . ubudlelwane bomntu kunye nehlabathi zezilwanyana zingabonwa ngokucacileyo lesayensi njenge biology. Beka umntu kwinkqubo kweziphilayo ihlabathi iyodwa, ekubeni usisidalwa ezimbini.

Oku kuboniswa zonke iingcamango yokomoya bulumko eyaziwa ezithe zavela kwiBhabhiloni yamandulo, Greece kunye uBukhosi baseRoma. Bona zaguqulwa kwaye abonakala iingcamango kweenkolo zehlabathi ezibalaseleyo: ebuYudeni, ubuKristu, Islam nobuBhuda. La maziko inkulu impucuko yehlabathi kwavela ngenxa yonxulumano zentlalo-qoqosho. Enkosi kubo, nanko bakha uhlobo ekhethekileyo eziphilayo emhlabeni, nto leyo kuthiwa abantu.