Imizimba amanzi ehlabathini. Ukusetyenziswa amanzi

Ukuzuza Natural amanzi phezu komhlaba, ngokunjalo kule nwebu eliphezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, ngokuba amanzi. Abanalo ulawulo zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye inxaxheba kumjikelo wamanzi endalweni. Kwehayidrosfere of iplanethi eyakhiwa becala kwabo.

amaqela

Isakhiwo, iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye neemeko kokonakaliswa amanzi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu: amachibi, kwizihlambo nezakhiwo amanzi ngohlobo olulodwa. Yamanzi - it imilambo, imijelo, nemilambo, okt amanzi equlethwe ezingontsingontsini ngaphantsi komhlaba apho intshukumo phambili, longele. Amadama khona emhlabeni wayo lifinyele kunye nentshukumo kwamanzi xa kuthelekiswa yamanzi amdaka kade. It amadobo, amachibi, amadama, amachibi, iilwandle, iilwandle.

Iimpawu ezizodwa amanzi - umkhenkce entabeni kunye inshorensi, kwakunye nazo zonke komhlaba (nezitya nokususa, komhlaba angenwa lulwelo lawo). Amachibi okanye Imijelo inokuba okwexeshana (ndiyitshise) kunye esisigxina. Uninzi imizimba kwamanzi emvula - kukuba yinxalenye ubukhulu lomhlaba, amatye nomhlaba, awusayi kubonakala ukuba ziqulathe amanzi olwandle, ulwandle, ichibi okanye umlambo. Emdeni nezitya sokwahlukanisa izehlo ezikufutshane uzimisele, nto leyo ibe phantsi komhlaba okanye umgangatho (orographic).

Inethiwekhi lokuhlola amanzi

Ahla imijelo kunye namachibi ewonke afunyenwe ngumviwa, amabanjwa ngaphakathi naliphi na ummandla othile, zezona uthungelwano lokuhlola amanzi. Noko ke, uninzi umkhenkce apha nazo azithathelwa ngqalelo, kwaye ayilunganga. Kufuneka ingqalelo uthungelwano lokuhlola amanzi yi uluhlu ngokupheleleyo ezele imizimba yamanzi kwi kumphezulu ndawo.

Imilambo, imifula, imijelo, njengenxalenye yothungelwano lokuhlola amanzi, okt imijelo yamanzi, somlambo ebizwa network. Ukuba kukho imisinga kuphela ezinkulu, okt umlambo, le yinxalenye yothungelwano lokuhlola amanzi kwaye iya kubizwa ngokuba network umlambo lowo.

kwehayidrosfere

Kwehayidrosfere akhiwa onke amanzi endalo Umhlaba. Nam isigama imida yayo okanye nje kodwa kuchazwa. Ngokwesithethe lwenzelwe iqokobhe amanzi ikakhulu ngakanye zomhlaba, apho ibekwe ngaphakathi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kuqukwa balo babulingana nesandla, emele wokuhlangana kweelwandle neelwandlekazi, komhlaba kunye izinto kwezibonelelo komhlaba yamanzi: umkhenkce, inshorensi ikhephu, imigxobhozo, amachibi kunye nemilambo . Engafakwanga ingqikelelo ekuphela ukufuma komoya kwehayidrosfere kunye namanzi eziqulathwe eziphilayo.

Ingqiqo kwehayidrosfere itolikwa njengoko ngokubanzi ngaphezulu ngokulambisa. Le yokugqibela - oku apho kwehayidrosfere elide zibandakanya kuphela amanzi kumphezulu, ezithi zibekwe phakathi emoyeni kunye lithosfere, yaye kwimeko yokuqala sibandakanya onke amalungu ejikeleza lwehlabathi: amanzi endalo planethi, kwaye komhlaba, inxalenye engentla uqweqwe, nokufuma esesibhakabhakeni, namanzi izinto eziphilayo. Oku kufutshane ingqiqo ka "geosphere", apho kukho kakhulu isuntswana ukufunda ingxaki le interpenetration of Geospheres ezahlukeneyo (umoya, lithosfere, kwehayidrosfere) - biosphere umda, Vernadsky.

kwezibonelelo zamanzi Earth

izinto zehlabathi Water iqulathe malunga 1388 million km cubic yamanzi, isixa esikhulu, isasazwe phezu imizimba amanzi zonke iintlobo. Ezilwandle ezihlobene nayo - le inxalenye ephambili amanzi kwalo kwehayidrosfere, 96,4 ekhulwini lilonke. Kwindawo yesibini, umkhenkce snowfields: apha 1,86 ekhulwini amanzi umhlaba ukuze ujikeleze kakuhle. Ezinye imizimba yamanzi wasukuma 1,78%, nto leyo inani elikhulu lwemilambo, amachibi kunye imigxobhozo.

Amanzi kakhulu ezixabisekileyo - okutsha, kodwa bona basehlabathini kakhulu isuntswana 36 769 000 kwiikhilomitha cubic, oko kukuthi, pesenti 2,65 kuphela lonke amanzi langa. Yaye ke inxenye ilungileyo, umkhenkce snowfields, eliqulethe ngaphezu asixhenxe ekhulwini onke amanzi on Earth. emachibini ezi 91.000 kwiikhilomitha cubic metre yamanzi, ekhulwini kwikota, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba amatsha: 10 530 000 kwiikhilomitha cubic (28.6%), kwimilambo kunye namachibi akhawunti ngenxa hundredths okanye kumawaka ekhulwini. Xa imigxobhozo yamanzi kancinane, kodwa indawo zabo kule planethi likhulu - million 2682 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, nto leyo ngaphezu amachibi, kunye ezingamadama ngakumbi.

Umjikelo nemin

Ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto kunye nezinye izibonelelo zasemanzini ezizikhulelayo nganye elidityaniswe ngokungathanga ngqo okanye ngqo, ekubeni babelane umjikelo wamanzi kule planethi (andaweni global). Ilungu iphambili umjikelezo ukuhamba umlambo, yenze unxulumano nomsinga kumjikelo yolwandle. Umjelo ukuqengqeleka inkulu ke mlambo mkhulu zehlabathi - Amazon, amanzi yayo yi-18% yabo ukuyigqiba yonke imijelo emhlabeni, lowo ngumgama oziikhilomitha 7280 cubic ngonyaka ngamnye.

E ayitshintshanga kule edlulileyo iminyaka emashumi mane ukuya mahlanu ubunzima amanzi inani kwehayidrosfere wonke umxholo ngamnye izinto amanzi amaninzi iyahluka ngenxa yokuba amanzi kuphindwe. Kubushushu behlabathi kunye nokwanda ukunyibilika osithelisayo, zomkhenkce intaba, amagqabi permafrost, ngonyuka landisa inqanaba kolwandle. Enhla eGreenland, Antarctica, iziqithi Arctic ngokuthe ngcembe ukunyibilika kude. Amanzi - ubuncwane bendalo uyakwazi sihlaziywe kuba kondliwa rhoqo imvula, ziza ngoncedo watersheds emachibini nemilambo, zenza koovimba komhlaba, nto leyo ke imithombo ephambili leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa amanzi.

ukusetyenziswa

kusetyenziswa Amanzi enye, ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elininzi kunye nabasebenzisi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kuqala ebandakanyekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo, uze emva koko ungena amanzi amdaka, ngoko ke amanzi efanayo usebenzisa umsebenzisi eyahlukileyo. nangona ukuba amanzi umthombo kuzele kunye nokuphinda isetyenziswe Kodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi awufumaneki ngokwaneleyo, ukususela imali efunekayo amanzi ngeyona planethi ayikho.

Ukunqongophala kwamanzi Special kwenzeka, umzekelo, ngexesha lembalela okanye ezinye iziganeko zendalo. Imvula liyancipha, yaye loo mthombo yokuhlaziywa kwale lwezibonelelo zendalo. Kwakhona, amanzi amdaka ezingcolisa imizimba yamanzi, ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwamadama, lodaka kunye nezinye izakhiwo utshintsho kulawulo zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye neemfuno zabantu zisoloko igqithe kuvumelekile ukutya namanzi acocekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukhuselo lwemithombo yamanzi, kubalulekile kakhulu.

isici zomthetho

World of amanzi, Kakade ke, kukho izixhobo eziluncedo zendalo zizinto ezibaluleke ebalulekileyo eziphilayo noqoqosho. Ngokungafaniyo amanzi bezimbiwa kubalulekile kakhulu ubomi babantu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ummiselo esemthethweni ngokuphathelele kwipropati kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamaziko kwamanzi kunye nezahlulo zabo, ngokunjalo lonikezelo kunye nokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, i "amanzi" yaye "amanzi" - kukho amagama ezahlukeneyo ngokusemthethweni.

Amanzi ayikho ngaphezu umchiza oksijini yehayidrojini, ekho kwicandelo likarhulumente elulwelo, sukube, okanye ijiye. Amanzi - kuba ngokuphelele zonke amanzi ekhoyo kuzo zonke amanzi, oko kukuthi, isimo yayo yendalo kumhlaba komhlaba kunye kwigumbi langaphakathi, yaye zonke iintlobo isiqabu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. imizimba amanzi lulawulwa umthetho wobukhaya. Kukho umthetho ekhethekileyo amanzi, elawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ibekwe-bume yendalo kunye namaqumrhu amanzi - ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. It is nezinabantu kwaye hayi kuphela amanzi ngamnye emoyeni, yaye ziyakweyela ngohlobo kwezulu, njengoko yinxalenye nokwakheka komhlaba.

ukuphepha

Safety on imizimba amanzi ebusika iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nemithetho efanelekileyo. Autumn ice iyahlozinga kakhulu logama nje kungekho yeqabaka izinzile ukuza. Ngokuhlwa emini uyakwazi ukumelana umthwalo ethile, nemini ngokukhawuleza elibaselwe ngumoji ngamanzi anyibilike Amagqabi nzulu ngumkhenkce ukwenza aneentunja kwaye ababuthathaka, nangona Ebubanzini. Ngeli xesha, ke unobangela zokonzakala nkqu nokufa.

Amachibi iqhwa phezu kolwabelo olungalinganiyo, kuqala kude nonxweme, emanzini abanzi, ngoko phakathi. Lakes, emachibini, apho amanzi amileyo, kwaye ingakumbi dama akuthethi ayongena imilambo, nto ayinayo ndongeni okanye izitshixo emanzini, iqhwa ngokukhawuleza. Kuba soloko ugcina ubambe ukuyilwa omkhenkce. ubukhulu Safe ukuba umntu omnye - eesentimitha ezisixhenxe salo - hayi iisentimitha ngaphantsi kwe elinambini, ehamba ze ewela - elinesihlanu iisentimitha, kuba imoto - hayi ngaphantsi kwe mathathu. Ukuba umntu nangoku wawa ngumkhenkce, ngoko kubushushu degrees 24 Celsius, kungaba emanzini ukuya iiyure ezisithoba ngaphandle nobungozi kwimpilo, kodwa komkhenkce lokubanda - yinto lwepaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo ivela iqondo ezintlanu elinesihlanu. Kwimeko enjalo ke, umntu angaphila iiyure ezine. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu iqondo emithathu, ukufa kwenzeka ngaphakathi imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu.

imithetho yokuziphatha

1. Ngexesha emnyama losuku kwi umkhenkce Andikwazi ukuhamba, ngokunjalo nokubonakala ihlwempu ikhephu, inkungu, imvula.
2. Iinyawo ice ayikwazi beat, ukuhlola ukuba amandla. Ukuba abenze babe kwakukho kancinci emanzini, kufuneka ngoko nangoko siphumele amanyathelo akho olulandelayo kokundiza, esasaza umthwalo phezu indawo enkulu (iinyawo zamagxa ububanzi ngaphandle).
3. Protoronnym ulandele ezityhutyhayo.
4. Iqela labantu kufuneka ibe dama, besagcine umgama oziimitha ezi-5.
5. Kufuneka ube imitha-amabini Intambo obomeleleyo ndzhendzheleko usithulu umthwalo (umthwalo ukuze bamphose intambo ayiphumelelanga kwaye yomtya ukuze Wathi nyebelele phantsi kwamakhwapha).
6. Abazali kufuneka ukuvumela abantwana zishiywe emanzini; lokuloba okanye salo.
7. Kweempembelelo zotywala ukuya amadama kubhetele ukuba sisondele, kuba abantu kule meko ukuphendula ubungozi asanelanga.

Abalobi ku kunothi

1. Kubalulekile ukwazi umzimba ngamanzi yenzelwe ukuloba: amabala ezinzulu nzulu ukugcina ukhuseleko imizimba kwamanzi.
2. Ukwahlula phakathi imiqondiso ice ezingcakacileyo, ukuba wazi imizimba zamanzi ziyingozi, uthathe amanyathelo.
3. Ukumisela indlela ukuya elunxwemeni.
4. Qaphela kwi ekuhleni kwi ice: ntonje kwakungekho kakhulu isanxulumane kwi mpumalanga, kukho iintanda kunye nomoya phantsi ngumkhenkce.
5. Awukwazi ukuya zezibhaxu ezimnyama ice ukuba wotha elangeni.
6. Qwalasela umgama phakathi umkhenkce ukuya lingabi kufutshane ngeemitha ngaphantsi kwesihlanu.
7. Kubhaka okanye ukuwisa ibhokisi kunye izinto kwaye kungcono ukuba tsala phezu kwentambo ngeemitha ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
8. Ukujonga inyathelo ngalinye lokuloba kufuneka ibe kukhetha ice, apho kuyimfuneko ukuba liphande umkhenkce ayikho ngqo phambi kwakhe, kodwa kwicala.
9. Ezinye Abalobi akanakuya esisondeleyo kuwe ngaphezu kweemitha ezintathu.
10. Akuvunyelwe ukuba aye kwiindawo apho vmorzshie kukho ice ulele, okanye snags.
11. Emithonjeni kule zokunqumla esinokwenziwa (eziliqela kwiindledlana), kwaye balelwa ukudala imingxunya eziliqela ngeenxa zonke.
12. Kuba usindiso kuyimfuneko ukuba Intambo zibotshiwe, epalini elide okanye iibhodi ububanzi, into elibukhali (hook isikhephe, imela, igwegwe) ukuze bakwazi ukubambelela umkhenkce.

imizimba Amanzi unako kokubini ayihombise nezenza ubomi babantu kwaye kuzithabatha - Uze uwugcine lo engqondweni.