Ikopi - ukusuka fyabo ukuya namhlanje

Inombolo (ngamanye amagama - iTelephoto) - a transmission-elide kumgama yomfanekiso (umbhalo, imifanekiso, iifoto) kunye ukudlalwa elandelayo nto efunyenweyo. Ngokwembali kwabangelwa kuphuhliso telegraphy, kodwa iyakwazi zibanga iindidi ngolwazi kwaye ziyamelana kokuphazanyiswa.

Zize ziyithumele ngefeksi isetyenziselwa ukutshintshela iithelegram photo, kunye print oolindixesha amagunya (izinto transfer lamaphepha-ndaba kunye nemifanekiso), amashishini amakhulu ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi lwemveliso, ukufumana idata esuka kwiisatellite kunye nezikhululo zemozulu (gidrometeokartami exchange), kwakunye kwezinye iimeko ezininzi.

Inkqubo transfer lwenziwa usebenzisa umatshini ifeksi (fax). Le yokusebenza Umgaqo fax na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iyunithi samaza uvelisa ulwahlulo ezosulela umfanekiso (umbhalo, imifanekiso) zibe namalungu amancinane amaninzi (kwimimandla eziziziqalelo ekuthiwa-..), eziya kwahluka enye kwenye umqondiso ethile, ngokuqhelekileyo yi ingxinano optical). Ke zonke izinto ngokulandelelana aguqulwa ukusuka imifanekiso graphic zibe pulses kwemali. Ulwazi malunga izinto wotshintsho igcinwa yeekhrayitheriya ekhethiweyo.

Emva koko ke fax ngokweesirisi imiqondiso yombane ezosulela umgca wonxibelelwano, leyo isebenza njenge ucingo eqhelekileyo. Ngelo receiver, inguqu inguqu lwenzeka ngexesha ilondoloza ukulandelelana lweziqalelo, kunye result ukuba ukufumana ikopi umfanekiso efunekayo kuthi.

umgaqo fax yasekwa ngo-1855 yi yamachiza Italian J. Caselli. izixhobo eyenzelwe ukuba ukudlulisela umfanekiso ukuya ngefoyile ye okhokelayo kunye ivanishi olukhethekileyo kunye Unikezelo lombane ephantsi kakhulu (phantse zero). Ngenxa yoko, umfanekiso yakhiwa izakhi ze alternating ophezulu (alumuniyam eliqinileyo) kunye conductivity ephantsi. Isikhonkwane contact, ukutyibilika kwi umfanekiso khosi nokudlulisela pulses zangoku kunye nemiqondiso yangoku-free. umfanekiso Kufunyenwe indlela electrochemical irekhodwa kwi-alumuniyam eliqinileyo.

Ezi AMAGQABAZA ▸ ifeksi mihla kusetyenziswa ukuze adlulisele imiyalezo kule migca kusungulwe Paris - Marseille kunye Moscow - eSt Petersburg, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe weza into engento ngenxa alo kunye nokuphelela inkqubo yokudlulisela.

Ngowe-1868, B. laseNovo kokusungulwa indlela yokufumana imifanekiso nokurekhodisha kwi iphepha elingenanto kunye uwele ejikelezayo, Bathiwe wambu ngepeyinti. Ukonakala, ebambelele iphepha kwi zihlandlo ekunene, ekhohlo inani imivumbo, apho kukho umfanekiso. Le ndlela, ufezekile wasebenzisa namhlanje.

Xa ngefeksi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yayokufika kwizinga sibulela ngokomgangatho ezintsha ukuvela kothungelwano olubanzi imigca zonxibelelwano, wayila kweetyhubhu lwepolitiki, kokufunyanwa isivamvo. Kule 30 oomatshini ifotokopi yokuqala ukuvela kwilizwe lethu. Kwixesha elizayo, ukusetyenziswa izinto zama kunye neendlela iye yasetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke.

unxibelelwano ngefeksi Modern yenziwa ngokusebenzisa samaza, wamkela kunye nonxibelelwano imigca. Kwi sixhobo, umqolo kuyo indawo ukukhanya ubaleka ujikeleze lonke komhlaba lokuqala, ukulahlula libe zizabelo ezinesiqalelo (pads) of reflectivity ukukhanya ezahlukeneyo. Kubonakala kubo, wobhobhozayo ukukhanya of ngamandla bume iwela converter photoelectric iguqulwe ibe isignali yevidiyo, ngoko modulates intlokoma (awo okanye frequency) ukuguqulela isignali yevidiyo ibe lula ukugqithisa phezu imilo link. imigca Communication - eqhelekileyo ngeengcingo okanye wireless channels ngomnxeba. Kwimeko yokudlulisela isixa esikhulu solwazi (amaphepha ndaba, umzekelo) usebenzisa i lonxibelelwano kwamajelo ngemizila lwebhendi ebanzi.

Ngelo receiver, izixhobo yefeksi wenziwa demodulation yomqondiso ezifunyenweyo (ukhetho) kunye nokuguqula kubemi ikopi ukuba irekhodwa kwi eliphakathi (m. E. Its ngokwenqanawaComment) ngokulandelelana enye yokuqala. Iindlela ekulobeni uphawu sifunyenwe:

- zokufota (ephepheni yokufota okanye ifilimu ibekwe nekhasethi ekukhanyeni-tight). Kulo mzekelo, akunakwenzeka ukulawula umgangatho umyalezo de inkqubo yokujongwa nomsi enjalo yenethiwekhi.

- Electrochemical (umfanekiso ubekwa kwiphepha eyodwa blackens xa yangoku badlula kuyo).

- Ink - on iphepha elingenanto iqatywe ngainki nangalusiba okanye edlala.