Iintlobo ebulala, iindlela zokusebenzisa

De kwinkulungwane XIX, uninzi lwemisebenzi zoqhaqho yaphela ababulawa nomonde evela kubasebenzi yezonyango zizifo ezosulela. Ngethamsanqa, iyeza loo mpumelelo i njenge magciwane, kuye kwanciphisa ipesenti yokufa ukusuka septicopyemia ukuya ubuncinane. utyando Modern isebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo ebulala, apho achaza kweli nqaku ngempumelelo.

Yintoni isinqandikubola nokuba yintoni na ukuba?

Malunga ubudlelwane kunye iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela amanxeba ubovu thelekelwayo Oogqirha bamandulo ngakumbi singaqondanga isicelo izithako zendalo kunye iipropati anti-ukudumba. Noko ke, ukuba alwe ngokwenene nxamnye nezifo zotyando kwaqala kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, xa ugqirha IsiNgesi uYohane. Lister lapapasha inqaku apho wachaza indlela yakhe unyango ngokwaphulwa evulekileyo nge-5% solution acid carbolic. Ukususela ngoko, kwixesha elitsha kutyando, apho uphuhliso amayeza kukho iintlobo ezintsha ebulala.

Kubola ngokoMthetho mihla uthetha iseti amanyathelo kunye ukuxhaphaza, injongo yazo kukuba kutshabalalisa kwaziwe imbewu yabo ubuthi ancedisana macro-eziphilayo. Kunye nale uqhaqho kubaluleke kakhulu, igama elithi "aseptic", nto leyo ithetha iseti amanyathelo okuthintela uphuhliso iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu amanxeba. ubuchule aseptic iquka inzalo izixhobo zotyando kunye nezincedisi. Kwakunye lokufunyanwa zomzimba kunye negazi amaqela, ukuba ukuvula utyando ngayo iifayile ngenkulungwane XIX ye aseptic kunye kubola baba enye yokuqhubela zonyango ezisisiseko ixesha. Ukususela ngelo xesha botyando baye yokusebenza kakhulu ingqalelo kuyingozi imisebenzi (phantse 100% ethyl esibulalayo) kwi Isifuba nesisu.

Eyona eziphambili ze ebulala in yesilungu

Asepsis, Kakade ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kutyando yaye ngokufuthi kufuna amanyathelo ezongezelelweyo, Noko ke, amava aye abonisa ukuba uyalahlwa epheleleyo yokuntlokothiswa aseptic akunakwenzeka. Iintlobo kokuba amayeza kufuneka bahlulwe uhlobo iindlela kunye nendlela isicelo. Kwimeko yokuqala, inani neentlobo ebulala ziquka:

• Mechanical kubola.
• Physical.
• Chemical.
• Eziphilayo.
• Mixed.

Ngokutsho indlela ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza kunye neentlobo zebhayoloji ebulala zihlukaniswe:

• Ekula ngokohlobo unyango nayiphi na inxalenye ethile yomzimba. ebulala mlonyeni ukuze ikhe yaye unzulu. Umphezulu luthatha amanxeba yangasese kunye ukwenzakala (umxube ukuhlamba, Ithatyathwe emigutyeni yonke unyango, namafutha aqholiweyo, Oluma) kunye kubola ubunzulu - obuyiyo ikhemikali kunye neziyobisi zebhayoloji antiinfective ngenaliti.
• Iyonke, okubonisa ukumnika umzimba Ukwanda nge igazi kunye nkovu amalungiselelo magciwane (ukumnika emthanjeni).

mechanical kubola

kubola Mechanical eyenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zoqhaqho yaye iquka:

• Iindawo zokuchopha zendlu yangasese elimele site inyama: ohlambululayo amanxeba egazi igazi phambi ubofu.
• Preprocessing: ukuba kuyimfuneko, wonqanyulwa, ezinemiphetho kunye ezantsi inxeba, ukususwa namaqumrhu angaphandle kunye namacandelo zeethishu nonviable, sutures yotyando.
• bokulungelelanisa lwenziwa xa nangokurhala esosulelayo kunye nomenzakalo kubandakanya kuphindwa liqatywe nxeba kutsalwe ukususwa ubovu secretion, fibrin kunye nyama.

emzimbeni kubola

kubola Physical kubandakanya amanyathelo ezintsonkothileyo ukunqanda ukukhula eziphilayo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye nokutya ukuthathwa nomonde kwizihlunu ako. iintlobo ebulala Physical amanxeba ziquka ezi izinto zilandelayo:

• Izifunxi zokubopha zokuphetha ngaphandle secretion enenxeba elungele ukukhula abe nenkani. Eli qela ebulala ziquka: umqhaphu, amabhandeji, usula.
• izisombululo Hypertonic zisetyenziswa ezidityaniswe lokunxibela.
• Ekufunxeni kuthetha zisebenza ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana iimpahla, indlela iqulathe bazihlamba kulwelo inxeba.
• Technical kuthetha ngohlobo ultrasound, yiultraviolet, X-reyi, laser kunye oxygenation. Zonke ezi ndlela kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kuphuhliso iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela ngempumelelo eliphezulu.

Chemical kubola

By the magciwane amachiza ukuba ibandakanye amanyathelo ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane enxebeni emzimbeni wakhe encediswa arhente imichiza, ngaba phakathi kwawo:

• Ntsholongwane zisetyenziselwa nokuphathwa aseptic kwezixhobo zotyando, imiphezulu ukutyibilika, iindonga, njl ..
• kwisigcinakaliso yemichiza zisetyenziselwa kwizicelo mlonyeni, yaye iquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kokuba ulusu ngohlobo kwealkali, izisombululo ityuwa, ii-asidi, oxidizers, njl .. D. Inzuzo iindlela hlobo spectrum umsebenzi ebanzi antibacterial, uxhathiso aphantsi ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela ukuba ichiza, kwaye kungenzeka yokugcina elide kunye nokungabi ngayo kwicala ebalulekileyo.
• iziyobisi chemotherapy esetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango okanye zothintelo thaca kwisigcinakaliso zokwenziwa. Yiba nefuthe suppressive kwi amagciwane nje kuphela ancedisana ezichaphazelekayo yomguli, kodwa lonke yomzimba wakhe. Ingakumbi ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ukudumba wayitwabulula ngaphaya site usulelo. amachiza chemotherapy axabisekile amayeza, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba ezinye ezibanzi amanyathelo (t. E. Ukukwazi ukucinezela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintsholongwane), kodwa kuko elimxinwa.

eziphilayo kubola

kubola eziphilayo iquka indlela imvelaphi eziphilayo abakwaziyo ukwenza ngqo zombini kwi kwaziwe ngokungangqalanga. Le ebulala eziphilayo ziquka:

• Antibiotics imvelaphi eziphilayo eziveliswa iintsholongwane ezithile, zomngundo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo antibiotics siyakwazi ukunika inhibition yokukhula ngokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, yaye negalelo ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo eziphilayo.
• Toxoids ezinye izifo yenziwa kubantu abasempilweni ukuba nezifo ukuya igciwane.
• Bacteriophage - intsholongwane (izidla ekuthethwa iintsholongwane), esi silwanyana ekwaziyo kokutshabalalisa ngaphakathi.
• immunostimulants Nonspecific (interferons, interleukin).

mixed kubola

ukusetyenziswa Ludityanisiwe ubuchule kunye nezixhobo zonke iintlobo ebulala kwi aggregate kubola. Zisetyenziswa njengendlela zidityanisiwe:

• ebulala ezingaphiliyo.
• nucleoside zokwenziwa of izinto eziphilayo.
• Abangelwa wavelisa izinto eziphilayo.

Iintlobo kokuba ibe ziinkuni kunye nezinye izinto zokwakha

iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo kunokubangela iinkqubo yokubola ukonakala, hayi kuphela izinto zokwakha ebantwini kunye nezilwanyana, kodwa, ezifana kweenkuni. Ukukhusela iimveliso iinkuni umonakalo ingaphakathi umphandle zizinambuzane kunye nomngundo nendlu, asetyenziswe ekwakheni iintlobo ezahlukileyo zemithi. Bangakwazi:

• ebulala ezingaphiliyo zinikwa kwisiseko izimbiwa kunye neetyuwa otyhidiweyo, ngempumelelo kutshabalalisa zonke izinambuzane phezu zomthi, nozihlambulula. Eli qela libandakanya izisombululo sodium fluoride, ammonium silicofluoride kunye sodium silicofluoride kunye Ammonium.
• ebulala organic - na izinto eziyityhefu rhoqo oyile esekelwe (creosote, carbonization, ioli anthracene, shale, njalo njalo).
• ebulala Ludityanisiwe luqulathe kwezinto ezimbini okanye anxilisayo ngaphezulu. Imizekelo: hlorodon, trichlorfon, phenol, karbolenium.